2017职称英语阅读理解考点答题技巧

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2017职称英语阅读理解考点答题技巧

　　职称英语中，阅读理解能把握得怎么样，直接决定能不能及格。它是整个考试备考过程中最重要的一个环节。下面是yjbys网小编提供给大家关于职称英语阅读理解考点答题技巧，希望对大家有用。

2017职称英语阅读理解考点答题技巧

　　考点一：主旨题

　　主旨题是对主题思想提问，是阅读理解的必考题。

　　常见主旨大意提问的方式有：

　　●The main idea of this section is__________.

　　The best title for this passage might be__________.

　　The main idea of this article is__________.

　　Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?

　　The last paragraph is mainly about __________.

　　The major point discussed in the paragraph is__________.

　　What is the passage mainly about?

　　The subject matter of this selection is __________.

　　What can you conclude from the passage?

　　如何抓文章或段落的主旨大意呢?

　　最重要的手段还是精读文章的首段和末段，以及每段的首句。例如：

　　More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

　　It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may wall away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

　　Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

　　For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transaction. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露 ) the company that was being robbed.

　　Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

　　Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

　　在文章第一段最后一句、第二段最后一句都反复提到了计算机犯罪分子不受惩罚，文章第六段又分析了这种现象的种种原因。故全文核心内容谈的是计算机犯罪分子作案后不受惩罚。

　　*首段、末段没有明确的主题句时，全篇重复的中心词或每一段中重复的主题词即为中心大意。例如：

　　The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

　　What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity-- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a

　　nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

　　The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

　　The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any Policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.

　　全文没有主题段，但从每段主题句(画线句子)中重复的单词productivity和living standards可以看出，该主旨题的答案中应该同时包含这两个主题词。

　　*没有主题句，也少有重复的词，需要通过总结全文、并读透字里行间之义来确定。

　　A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long,the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bus. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her rout on schedule.

　　本段没有主题句。读者只能通过通读全文来归纳出隐含主题：Driving a bus is hard work.

　　考点二：细节题

　　职称英语考试阅读理解部分对文章细节信息的考查占总分比重最大，约占60%。对细节题的考查包括事实信息题和逻辑关系细节题。解答前者的关键是准确定位，而后者除了准确定位之外，还需要把握文章句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

　　常见的考查逻辑关系的提问方式为：

　　...because

　　...includes

　　●…except__________

　　●which ofthe following…true/not true?

　　●Wh0/When/Where/Why/How/What…?

　　为了考查考生是否真正掌握了文章的行文规律和布局特色，阅读测试常常会在有一定逻辑关系的地方(词与词之问、句与句之间、段与段之间)设置考题，考查细节，需要考生从题目回到原文，找到相关信息点，并通过表示逻辑关系的连词判断哪个选项是真正符合原文关系的信息再现。

　　英语衔接手段有很多种，比如：指示(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)、连接(conjunction)、词汇衔接(1exical cohesion)等。一般来说，句与句之间或段与段之间存在着下列10种语义连贯：列举、附加、比较、对比、让步、重复、结果、结论、时问和强调。表达这10种语义联系的衔接词也有10类：

　　●列举：for example，for instance，for one thin9，to illustrate，in particular,in general，significantly,frequently,occasionally

　　●递进：again，in addition，t00，besides，furthermore，as well，next to

　　●比较：similarly,likewise，at the same time，in the same way

　　●对比：but，however,nevertheless，still，conversely,whereas，though，on the contrary,by contract，on the one hand…on the other hand

　　·让步(即转折)：doubtless，surely，granted that，although this may be true，no doubt，I concede，I admit

　　·解释：again，as has been pointed out，to repeat，in other words，as I have said above，once again，或者用代词it，that，the one，they，those等来避免重复

　　●因果：therefore，thus，hence，S0，consequently,as a result，all in all，because

　　·结论：thus，finally,hence，in conclusion，to sum up，to summarize，to conclude，in short，in aword...

　　●时间：earlier,formerly,afterwards，later,presently,subsequently,meanwhile，after a while，at last，at that time，in the mean time，in the past，until now

　　●强调：indeed，equally,chiefly,even more important

　　除此之外，还可通过重复关键词组来实现句与句之间或段与段之间的语义连贯。

　　考点三：推理题

　　常见判断推理题的提问方式有：

　　●It can be inferred from the text/paragraph that__________.

　　●What is implied in the paragraph one?

　　●The primary purpose of the passage is to__________.

　　●It may be concluded from the passage that__________.

　　●The survey indicates that__________.

　　推理就是以已知的事实为依据，来获得未知的信息。在阅读中，我们要善于利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行正确的推理，以挖掘作者的隐含意思，要求进行推理的问题，在文中往往找不到直接答案。在职称英语考试中，推理题的正确选项往往与原文中的信息有或多或少的直接关系。

　　如果问题要求理解某句或某段的隐含意义，那么我们必须在文中找到所涉及的关键词语，仔细阅读一至两遍，吃透意思，并以此为根据进行分析和推理。然后，再逐个考虑选择项，选出答案。

　　如果需要进行推理判断的内容涉及全文，则必须在理解通篇中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展过程的基础上，才能进行正确的推理判断。

　　考点四：词汇题

　　在阅读理解测试中必然考查对单词或词组意义的理解。阅读中的生词不是孤立的，而是与其上下文中的词、句乃至整个篇章，在意义上、结构上或逻辑上存在联系。这些联系便是我们推测词义的依据，通常简称为词的上下文线索(context clues)。所以，从根本上说，猜词题就是要求考生通过原文的已知线索，猜测出一些未知信息，而不是考查考生到底背了多少词汇。

　　常见猜词题的提问方式有：

　　●The word…probably means__________.

　　●The term…could be best replaced by__________.

　　●The phrase…is closest in meaning to which of the following?

　　●The word…probably refers to__________.

　　●By…the author means__________.

　　●…，as used in the passage，can be best described as__________.

　　同其他类型的题目一样，猜词题也有一定的顺序和方法，请看下面的表格：

　　考点五：态度题

　　考查观点态度的提问方式有：

　　●What is the author’s attitude towards__________.

　　●The author’s tone would be best described as __________ .