2016职称英语《理工A》的试题及答案

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2016职称英语《理工A》的试题及答案

　　外语能力是衡量专业技术人员素质和专业水平的一个重要方面，特别是经济全球化和我国对外开放不断发展的新形势，对专业技术人员的外语能力提出了更高的要求。以下是YJBYS网小编整理的2016职称英语理工A的试题及答案，希望对你有帮助。

2016职称英语《理工A》的试题及答案

　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

　　Climate Change： The Long Reach

　　1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge(评估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.

　　2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas. In the air，this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released，the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.

　　3 Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time，changes in the planet's environment could nudge(推动)global warming even higher. For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt，sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more，causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback.

　　4 Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However he adds，they're limited. From a climate change perspective，“This century is the most important time for the next few generations，”he told Science Nwes. “But the world is not ending in 2100.”For his new study，Zeebe now focuses on“slow feedbacks.”While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries， slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.

　　5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5℃—for a 6°total increase， Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.

　　23. Paragraph 2 ___A__

　　24. Paragraph 3 ___D__

　　25. Paragraph 4 ___B__

　　26. Paragraph 5 ___C__

　　A. Impact of burning fossil fuels

　　B. Slow feedbacks

　　C.A prediction of future climate change

　　D. Fast feedbacks

　　E. Rising of sea levels

　　F. Unpredictability of feedback processes

　　27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ___B__.

　　28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __E__.

　　29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __F_.

　　30. After fossil fuels are used up， global warming will continue for __A_.

　　A. a very long time

　　B. recorded history

　　C. rapid exaggeration of impacts

　　D. the extra heat

　　E. the exposed ground

　　F. previously published studies

　　第四部分：阅读理解

　　短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第一篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance

　　Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.

　　A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo， say – and then pressing a key， selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device， as long as the two are connected wirelessly.

　　“The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire，” says Jayson Turner， who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University， UK.

　　Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.

　　A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the “Midas touch”(点石成金) effect， whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze， says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at，” he says.

　　Christian Holz， a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale， California， says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. “Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism，” he says. “This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.”

　　While current eye-trackers are rather bulky， mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.

　　Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden， last week.

　　31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______

　　A. change our computer screen.

　　B. move an object from screen with a glance.

　　C. focus on anything that interests us.

　　D. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.

　　答案：B

　　32. Why is a button needed?

　　A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.

　　B. To choose as many objects as possible.

　　C. To make Eye Drop different from others.

　　D. To select what we want.

　　答案：D

　　33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______

　　A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.

　　B. interaction between human and computer.

　　C. generalization of Eye Drop system.

　　D. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.

　　答案：D

　　34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use.

　　A. They are costly.

　　B. They are expected to come out soon.

　　C. They are available.

　　D. They are installed in Google Glass headset.

　　答案：B

　　35. What is Turner likely to study next?

　　A. How to present the system in public.

　　B. How to get touchscreen involved.

　　C. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.

　　D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.

　　答案：C

　　第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer

　　Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly， a study has suggested. The report， which followed 73，000 women for 17 years， found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week， but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study， published in Cancer Epidemiology， Biomarkers &Prevention， followed 73.615 women out of 97，785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993，so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

　　They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking， swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women，47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

　　Dr. Alpa Patel， a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta， Georgia， who led the study， said：“Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking， promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity， just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”“More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”

　　Baroness Delyth Morgan， chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign， said：“This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

　　She added：“We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

　　36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

　　A. regular walking

　　B. breathing exercise

　　C. recreational activity

　　D. lifestyle choices

　　答案：B

　　37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel‘s study that____.

　　A. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

　　B. women have fewer chances of physical activity

　　C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

　　D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

　　答案：A

　　38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

　　A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology.

　　B. head of the survey study.

　　C. chair of the American Cancer Society.

　　D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign.

　　答案：B

　　39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

　　B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

　　C. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women

　　D. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women.

　　答案：D

　　40. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .

　　A. affordable

　　B. available

　　C. continuable

　　D. persistent

　　答案：C

　　第三篇 The Northern Lights

　　The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun‘s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma， and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun， the stronger the solar wind.

　　The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth， but don‘t worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.

　　The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth‘s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth， they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere， creating flashes of light in the sky.

　　Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky， they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.

　　Watching auroras(北极光) is fun and exciting， but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动)， flicker(闪烁)， or even move like waves. During solar maximum， 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida， even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground， but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground， a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long， a few hundred kilometers high， but only a few hundred meters thick.

　　We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!

　　41. The solar wind comes into being as a result of______

　　A. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.

　　B. disappearance of the Sun‘s gravity.

　　C. unpredictable weather of the Sun.

　　D. a stream of particles being blown away.

　　答案：D

　　42. What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth?

　　A. A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time.

　　B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.

　　C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.

　　D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the ???

　　答案：B