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17年成人学位英语考试阅读理解模考预测
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Cloning
克隆
Is cloning wrong or right? Can we and should we clone humans?
克隆是对是错?我们可以而且应该克隆人?
The biggest problem with the use of cloning on a large scale is the decline in genetic diversity. Think about it, if everyone has the same genetic material, what happens if we lose the ability to clone. We would have to resort to natural reproduction, causing us to inbreed, which will cause many problems. Also, if a population of organisms has the same genetic information, the disease would wipe out the entire population. Helping endangered species by cloning will not help the problem. If we tried to clone endangered species we could possibly kill the last females integral to the survival of a species. This may be the main reason science is holding out on cloning humans.
利用克隆上规模最大的问题是在遗传多样性下降。想想看，如果每个人都有相同的遗传物质，如果我们失去了克隆能力会发生什么。我们将不得不求助于自然繁殖，造成近亲繁殖，这会造成很多问题。同时，如果一个生物群具有相同的遗传信息，这种疾病会摧毁整个城市。通过克隆来拯救濒危物种将不利于问题。如果我们试图克隆濒危物种，我们可能杀死最后的女性一个物种的生存积分。这可能是科学的主要原因是瞒着克隆人类。
The goals and purposes of cloning range from making copies of those that are deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals. Cloning could also directly offer a means of curing diseases or a technique that could extend the means to acquiring new data for the sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time. Scientists can easily genetically alter adult cells. Thus, cloning from an adult cell would make it easier to alter the genetic material. The goal of transgenic livestock is to produce livestock with ideal characteristics for the agricultural industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Researchers can harvest and grow adult cells in large amounts compared to embryos. Scientists can then genetically alter these cells and find which ones did transform and then clone only those cells.
目标和制作那些已故的更好的工程在人类和动物的后代拷贝克隆的目的和目标。克隆也可直接提供治疗疾病或一种技术，可以延长的手段来获取新的数据用于胚胎科学和生物是怎样发展作为一个整体在时间的一种手段。科学家们可以很容易地改变体细胞的基因。因此，克隆成熟细胞更容易改变遗传物质。转基因家畜的目标是产生理想特征的家畜的农业产业，能生产生物制品，如蛋白质对人类。研究人员可以获得和培养成体细胞胚胎相比，大量。科学家们可以从基因改变这些细胞并找到并能转型的细胞进行克隆。
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual. It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person.
克隆人类最近成为可能，似乎更可行的在今天的社会，比二十年前。这是一个包括一组相同的细胞或生物体，都来自于一个单一的生产方法。不知道何时或如何克隆人类真正成为可能，但它是已知的，有两种可能的方式，我们可以克隆人类。第一种方法涉及分裂成几个部分的胚胎，从胚胎产生了许多新的个体。克隆人涉及到从一个已经存在的人类细胞和克隆他们的第二方法，依次建立其他的个人，对特定的人相同。
With these two methods almost at our fingertips, we must ask ourselves two very important questions: can we do this, and should we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future.
这两种方法，几乎在我们的指尖，我们必须问自己两个非常重要的问题：我们能这样做，我们应该?毫无疑问，涉及这一问题的技术和伦理方面会出现很多问题，将是几乎不可能避免，但克隆人的整体观念是我们应该接受作为未来可能的现实。
Embryonic cloning could be a valuable tool for the studying of human development, genetically modifying embryos, and investigating new transplant technologies. Using cloning to produce offspring for the sake of their organs is an issue that we must also face and question whether or not it is morally right. No one will say that it is okay to kill a human being for the sake of their organs, but many have no objection to cloning thousands of individuals that look alike.
胚胎克隆技术可以为人类发展研究的一个有价值的工具，基因修饰的胚胎，并研究新的移植技术。利用克隆技术制造器官的缘故，我们也必须面对的后代，是否它在道德上是正确的问题。没有人会说这是为他们的器官而杀了人，好吧，但许多不反对克隆人看起来像成千上万。
Technology seems to take away many of the morals that we have worked so hard to install in society. Most people only seem to want to cater to their own needs and do not bother to consider the consequences that society and the clone may have to face.
技术似乎带走了很多的道德，我们一直非常努力地安装在社会。大多数人似乎只是想满足自己的需要，也不考虑社会和克隆可能要面对的后果。
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