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Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
答案：C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it.Dispose of“处理解决”。
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel
3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.
A. if the winter is especially warm
B. during all of the year except the winter
C. in the winter as well as in other seasons
D. during the evenings in the winter
答案：C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。
4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.
A. method of concealing the source of heat
B. special form of air conditioning
C. supplementary hot water system
D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat
答案：D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。
5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
A. A fat female who studies hard.
B. A thin female who does not study.
C. A fat male who does not study.
D. A thin male who studies hard.
答案：B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。
Education is vital to a nation which holds the reins of economy over the world, so it is to an individual who strives for better livelihood in a highly competitive society like the Americans.
New technology and automation create opportunities as well as challenges to the American people. Machines now take the sweat out of labor, and computers perform tedious mental chores. They have eliminated many of the menial, dirty, or dull jobs, but also entail challenges that can be met only by a better prepared work force. More education and more skill will be the chief requisite for a job.
In the United States, primary schools and high schools offer a broad education to provide a sound foundation in English, mathematics, arts and physical and social sciences. Subordinate to the broad education, both college preparatory and vocational courses are taught under one roof in the comprehensive high schools. Academic, business and technical courses are taught in the 2-year community and junior colleges. Many of their graduates decide they need more schooling and go on to regular colleges and universities. Skill centers in many large cities provide trainings and retraining for youngsters who leave high school and want to qualify for skilled occupations in industries or subprofessional and technical jobs in service fields. Vocational high schools provide “marketable skills” to young men and women who will never go to colleges. Also there are technical institutes under federal sponsorship and a vast range of in-school and on-the-job training programs financed by labor departments and industries.
6.What does better education mean to the American people?
A.Education making them learn how to use modern machines.
B.Education making students be able to communicate with foreigners.
C.Education including English, mathematics, arts, and physical and social sciences.
D.Education making a person get well-paid job.
答案C。见原文第三段第一句。由于当今美国的新技术为从业者带来了更多的挑战，在小学和中学里，开设了一系列的教育课程。C项所述与原文意思相符，故本题的正确答案为C.
7.What have advanced technology and automation done to Americans?
A.Created chances and challenges to the Americans.
B.Forced them to get high position in their work.
C.Made them manage to earn much more money.
D.Given them chances to communicate with foreigners.
答案A。参见原文第二句。新技术的开发为美国人创造了机会，同时也带来了挑战。A项与原文相符，B、C、D 三项所述不符合原文意思。故本题应选A.
8.What courses are available in a comprehensive high schools?
A.Academic courses.
B.Mathematics.
C.Technical courses.
D.Vocational courses.
答案D。见原文第三段第二句。在美国综合性中学里也讲授附属于普及教育的大学预科和职业课程。D项符合原文。
9.What trainings are available to young people who do not go to colleges after they graduate?
A.Trainings in junior colleges.
B.Trainings in skill centers.
C.Trainings in work.
D.Trainings in community colleges.
答案B。见原文第三段第九至十二句。许多离开中学的年轻人想成为企业中熟练工种的或服务行业中次专业和技术工作的合格人才。许多大城市的'技术中心为他们提供训练与再训练的机会。B项符合原文。
10.Which of the following is the major requirement for a job?
A.More education.
B.More skill.
C.More chances.
D.Both A) and B).
答案D。见原文第二段最后一句。受过良好教育以及具有较多技能是当今美国人找工作时必须具备的主要条件。D项符合原文;A.B两项有失偏颇;C项与原文不符。
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."