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2017成人学位英语阅读理解备考练习试题
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Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes(路面坑洼).The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. "I decided I was going to do something about the pothole problem in my city," Chokwe says. His solution: an app that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead.
Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. "When the app detects a pothole, it is highlighted(突出显示)in red," Chokwe says. "And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you." Drivers can also use the app to report any potholes they encounter, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them.
The app relies on current available information about the streets of Jackson. "It works by using the city's 311 call system, soit uses information already stored in a database," Chokwe says. (79) Throughthe call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems—which include potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test th prototype(原型).
(80) Although the app isn't yet available for sale,Chokwe is already looking for ways to improve it. The prototype remains limited to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther. “I want to keep working on the app until it's nationwide,” Chokwe says.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Solution to Traffic Jams
B. An App to Detect Potholes
C. Pothole Problems in Big Cities
D. Poor Road Conditions
答案解析：
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(下面哪个选项是文章最合适的标题?)
答案为B(an APP to detect potholes(检测路面有坑洼的APP))
答题思路：利用文章主题词直接判断答案。文章中有明显文章主题词：
APP(该词贯穿整篇文章出现)
2. The phrase kick off inParagraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.
A. leave B. invent C. begin D. shift
答案解析：
The phrase kick off in paragraph1is closest in meaning to ___.(第一段中的短语kick off在意义上与哪个选项的意义最接近?)
答案为：C(开始)
文章中的相关句：Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes. The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. (Chokwe Selassie正在完成一项帮助司机们避开路面坑洼的任务(介词on 在句中的意义为“正从事…(活动)”)。前不久的一个早晨他妈妈驾车送他去学校时，这个正在上八年纪的学生被(他妈妈)鼓励去…他的这个任务“，四个选项的意义分别为”离开，发明，开始，转变“，显然，”开始“在句中的意义最合适，所以答案为”开始“。
3. People use the 311 call system to report____.
A. emergencies B. terrorist attacks
C. non-emergencies D. child abuse
答案解析：
People use the 311 call system to report ___.(人们使用311电话系统来报告…。)
答案为C(非紧急情况)
文章中的相关句：Through the call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems – which include potholes. (通过这个电话系统，人们拨打311来报告非紧急问题—其中包括路面坑洼的问题))。
4. The prototype focuses on____streets in Jackson.
A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25
答案解析：
答案为A(10)
文章中的相关句：Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype. (Chokwe和他的朋友们决定关注Jackson地区10条最繁忙的街道将会给他们足够多的样本来对第一版APP进行测试)。
5. According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Chokwe developed the app all by himself.
B. People can buy this app from the online store.
C. His mother's car was once damaged over a pothole.
D. The app works by using thecity's 911 call system.
答案解析：
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?(依据文章内容来看，下面哪个选项陈述的意义正确?)
答案为C(他的妈妈的汽车曾经被路面坑洼损坏过)。
分析：其他选项均与文章内容不符合：Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test th prototype.(Chokwe和他的朋友们决定关注Jackson地区10条最繁忙的街道将会给他们足够多的样本来对第一版APP进行测试)。依据该句可以推断出：APP应该是Chokwe和他的朋友们共同研发的，因此A(APP完全是由Chokwe研发的)不正确;原文说“the app is not yet available for sale，…(这种app还没有上市销售)”，因此选项B(人们可以从网上商店上购买这个app)不正确;文章说“it works by using the city's 311 call system，…。(它(app)通过使用这个城市的311电话系统来工作)”，由此可知选项D(app通过使用这个城市的911电话系统来工作)与文章内容不符合，因此也不正确。
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made in trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross's campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. "I knew the statistics," she said. "But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her."
The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines." And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon(乱放炮的人)".
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: "This is a distraction(干扰)we do not need. All I'm trying to do is help."
Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess's trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government's policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess's views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding."
For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get close to people and their problems.
6. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 ____.
A) to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
B) to clarify the British government's stand on landmines
C) to investigate the suffering of landmine victims there
D) to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
答案：A 本题考点出自第1自然段。“...made in trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross‘s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines.”也就是说，Diana王妃访问Angola的目的是为了表达她支持完全禁止地雷。
7. What did Diana mean when she said "… putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me." (Line, Para 1)?
A) She just couldn't bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
B) The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
C) Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.
答案：D 本题考点出自第1自然段。“...like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her. 就像当我见到一个断了腿的13岁的小女孩时，其他的难民也和她一样。”暗示了“Diana王妃看到的难民的悲痛场面使她意识到情况的严重。”
8. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ____.
A) she was ill-informed of the government's policy
B) they were actually opposed to banning landmines
C) she had not consulted the government before the visit.
D) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
答案：B 本题考点出自第3自然段。“her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Diana王妃的观点没有得到某些英国政府成员的支持，而这些成员的观点是赞同地雷作为武器。”
9. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A) She paid no attention to them.
B) She made more appearances on TV.
C) She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
D) She rose to argue with her opponents.
答案：A 本题考点出自第4自然段。"The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms…"其中，"brushing aside"的意思是“不屑一顾”，也就是"pay no attention to"。
10. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A) It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
C) It had greatly promoted her popularity.
D) It had affected her relations with the British government
答案：B 本题考点出自第7自然段。“She said that the experience had also given her th chance to get close to people and their problems. Diana王妃说这次经历同样是给了她机会去关心难民以及了解他们的困难。”也就是说，Diana王妃认为自己对Angola的访问让她与人民群众的心更加靠近了。
As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.
If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.
Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so?
In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.
There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means?
11. English was first spoken in ______.
A. Britain
B. England
C. Great Britain
D. Ireland
[答案]B
【精析】关键词语是was first spoken.首先应迅速找出该词语在文章中的位置，确定该题的信息在文章的前两句中。只要读懂原文，仔细判断，就能找到正确答案B选项。
12. Britain is divided into ______.
A. England, Britain, and Wales
B. England, Scotland, and Wales
C. Wales, Scotland, and Great Britain
D. Great Britain, Wales, and Scotland
[答案]B
【精析】该题所包含的信息在文章第三段第一句Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England中很容易找到答案，但选择时要细心。
13. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Wales is the richest of the three.
B. Scotland is the largest of the three.
C. Sometimes England is used instead of Britain.
D. Britain is the only name of the largest island of British Isles.
[答案]C
【精析】考生应具备正确把握文中信息的能力，必须通过细心阅读和理解，迅速确定试题正确信息在文章中的出处。本题C选项的信息在第三段第二句话中可找到。同时也可用排除法做此类题。
14. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is ______.
A. part of Britain
B. part of British Isles
C. the official name of the whole country England
D. the largest country of all mentioned in the passage
[答案]C
【精析】通过文章中最后一段前两句的阅读和理解，可迅速确定"The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the whole country England"是正确答案。
15. Which of the following is an independent country?
A. Wales
B. Scotland
C. Northern Ireland
D. The Republic of Ireland
[答案]D
【精析】正确答案在文章中最后一段的中间The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland可迅速找到。做题的关键在于了解文章大意，细心选择答案。
As scientists learn more about the causes of earthquakes, they become better able to predict them. First of all, they know that quakes are likely to occur in areas where the tectonic plates(地层地壳板块)push against each other. They study these areas closely, using different instruments. They measure the vibrations of the earth with seismographs(地震仪), which record on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small. Scientists usually use the Richter scale(里希特震级仪)named after a famous seismologist(地震学家), for these measurements. When an earthquake measures over 4~5 on the Richter scale, it is strong enough to cause damage. Scientists have determined that an area is not likely to have a large earthquake when many small quakes have been occurring. When the small quakes stop, then pressure builds and a strong quake is more likely.
There are several other ways to predict earthquakes. Scientists can measure the tiny changes in the tilt(倾斜)of the land that happen before earthquakes occur. Increases in the amount of radon(氡), a substance found in deep wells, as well as a higher level of water in the wells, can also mean that an earthquake is likely to occur. In addition, scientists have found that some animals, like dogs, behave strangely before an earthquake, they become nervous and howl(号叫). Seismologists have correctly predicted several earthquakes. In 1975, they said that an earthquake would occur in Liaoning Province, China, one month, and then one hour, before it happened. In 1978, Russian scientists predicted an earthquake in the Altai Mountains six hours before it occurred. However, not all earthquakes are predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet perfected. Nothing on this earth is certain. Although people who live in California and Japan live with the possibility of a serious quake, perhaps the next strong earthquake will occur somewhere outside the "Ring of Fire".
16. According to the information in Para. 1 seismograph is ______.
A. a computer like electronic instrument for predicting earthquakes
B. a special instrument for recording and measuring the vibrations of the earth
C. an instrument which seismologists use to make studies on the causes of earthquakes
D. an instrument with which seismologists measure the pressure between tectonic plates
[答案]B
【精析】文章第一段"They measure the vibrations of the earth with seismographs(地震仪), which record on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small."故B正确。
17. According to the passage, a large earthquake is most likely to occur in an area ______.
A. where a series of minor vibrations of the earth have been occurring
B. that is within the "Ring of Fire" but does not see any vibration of the earth
C. where many small vibrations of the earth have been occurring and then a calm period follows
D. where tectonic plates fit into each other properly
[答案]C
【精析】第一段最后两句话"Scientists have determined that…then pressure builds and strong quake is more likely"与C选项吻合，故C正确。
18. The following signs that show the coming of an earthquake are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that ______.
A. the amount of radon in deep wells increases
B. the earth gives off flashes of light
C. the level of water in the wells rises
D. some animals become nervous and behave strangely
[答案]B
【精析】第二段"There are several other ways to predict earthquakes…"可知B不是地震来临的现象。
19. According to the passage, the earthquake occurred in China's Liaoning Province in 1975 ______.
A. was twice predicted by seismologists
B. took all the people in the area by surprise
C. was followed by many small vibrations of the earth
D. was correctly predicted by Russian seismologists
[答案]A
【精析】文章第二段"In 1975, they said that an earthquake would occur in Liaoning Province, China, one month, and then one hour, before it happened."此题的关键是读出"then one hour"是第二次预测。
20. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Not all earthquakes are predictable although seismologists have correctly predicted some.
B. Seismology was fully developed now and earthquake prediction is always reliable.
C. No earthquake prediction is reliable since nothing on this earth is certain.
D. A system for predicting the earthquake is perfected, but prediction is not always correct.
[答案]A
【精析】从文章中第二段"not all earthquakes are predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet perfected."与A对应。
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