2023高考英语长难句写作技巧

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2023高考英语长难句写作技巧

　　长难句一直是困扰不少考生备考过程中的提分障碍。下面是小编为大家收集的2023高考英语长难句写作技巧，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

2023高考英语长难句写作技巧

　　一、如何写长难句

　　How to develop complex sentences.

　　1. 写出key words，确认中心骨架

　　2. 逻辑排列，logical arrangements

　　3. 加工润色，colorize

　　例句：大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

　　Most of (A majority of) students believe (hold the view) that part-time jobs can provide them with opportunities机会to/and develop (improve/better) communication ability能力(social abilities/interpersonal skills人际关系技巧),which is good for (is beneficial to有益于) their looking for jobs (job-hunting求职) in the future (after their graduation).

　　二、拓展长句的三大方法

　　The most important factor因素 we have to take into consideration is sth./that…

　　The most important thing I want to talk about is that…sth./ that…

　　It is also of great importance to pay close attention to…that

　　Besides what is mentioned above上诉的,it is necessary to think about…

　　In addition to除…之外 what is talked about above, I want to tell you sth. about…

　　1.写引导词：包括起承转合例(让句子变得高端)

　　起: in the first place首先, first and foremost首要的, to begin/start with

　　承: second (ly),in the second place, furthermore而且,此外, moreover而且,此外, what’s more, in addition另外, besides

　　转:but, however, on the contrary与此相反, in contrast/comparison相比之下, nonetheless虽然如此,但是; nevertheless尽管如此,然而;

　　合: last but not least最后同样重要的，so, therefore,

　　in conclusion最后，综上所述, to conclude最后, in a/one word, in general,

　　例: for instance, for example, such as,

　　When it comes to.... 说起…

　　经典引导句型

　　There is no doubt that/in saying that…

　　There is no exaggeration夸张 in saying that…

　　It is known to us all that,

　　It is well-known that…

　　It is apparent/obvious显然的 that…it is not hard to understand that…

　　It is not too much to say that…

　　It is commonly/widely/generally agreed that… (acknowledged公认的 that…/ believed that)

　　2.写插入语(让句子变得客观)

　　that is to say

　　to a certain extent在某种程度上，to some degree在一定程度上，to a larger degree在很大程度上

　　for one reason or another因为某种原因, to put it in another way换言之

　　directly or indirectly 直接或间接

　　in other words 换句话说

　　as a matter of fact 事实上

　　例：English is, to a large degree, important. be后

　　Computer, directly or indirectly, influences our life. 行前

　　Computer can, as a matter of fact, influence our life. 助行间

　　例句：It is known to us all that, English is, to a large degree, very important due to that English is becoming a global/world language. /is becoming more and more (increasingly) popular

　　There is no doubt in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, to a large degree, influences our life primarily owing to that (computer can make our work and study faster) computer can improve the efficiency of our work and study.

　　It is hard to understand that doing part-time job can, to a large extent, broaden our horizon in that we can understand more about the society by knowing a lot of people.

　　3.写从句(让句子变得漫长)

　　名词性定语从句:that, who

　　时间状语从句:before, when, after, during

　　地点状语从句:where)

　　原因状语从句:because, because of that..

　　primarily/mainly owing to that,

　　partly/partially due to that,

　　in that 例： I like you in that you are very kind.

　　假设状语从句:if, on condition that… in case that…

　　拓展：关于高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧

　　一个句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。分析长难度的基本是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。

　　一、处理长难句的原则方法

　　如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。

　　如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。

　　如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句——名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。

　　另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。

　　二、经典真题实例分析

　　下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。文章内容如下：

　　Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.

　　Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.

　　The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

　　On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.

　　【解题分析】

　　1. 跳读插入语：请看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳过插入语找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最偏僻的岛屿）；第二步理解附加的插入语部分：a 38-square-mile island（该岛面积为38平方英里，而且这是吉尼斯记录之一），这样该句话的意思就弄明白了。

　　2. 跳读非谓语动词短语：我们来看第一段第三句。首先跳过前面的非谓语动词短语，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (该岛是英国领土，人口大约几千)。然后再来理解前面的非谓语动词短语：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810（这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，1810年开始有人居住）。通过这样分解难度，我们读得轻松，理解得准确。

　　3. 跳读分隔现象：请看文章第二段，这一段有35个单词，却只有一句话。因为该段既包括了分隔现象，又包含了定语从句，又有一个同位语，而且该句还是一个倒装句。如果从前到后按照顺序来理解，未免有点繁杂，抓不住重点。所以首先要跳过两个分隔符号之间的内容，同时也要暂时搁置后面的非限制性定语从句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置过来变成正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second（Easter Island是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿）；然后再理解分隔符号之间的内容和后面的定语从句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿(Pitcairn Island)东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。

　　4. 跳读定语从句：定语从句在阅读理解中是很常见的，有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句用来限定所修饰的词，与之关系非常密切，阅读时要特别注意两者的密切联系，跳过限制性定语从句找到主句后要马上回头理解它的含义，确定它与先行词的修饰关系。如文章第三段的第一个句子里就有一个限制性定语从句：who were lost at sea. 阅读时一定要注意它与people的密切联系：不是别人而是在大海里迷路的人五世纪左右在那里定居。

　　而非限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系不是很密切，主要起补充说明作用，它可能出现在主句中间，也可能出现在句尾。如果它出现在句中，阅读时可以跳过去然后再来理解，也可以一起顺便读过去。如果非限制性定语从句出现在句尾，那阅读时很方便，看完主句后附带着看一下就可以了，因为它只是对先行词的补充说明。如这一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我们得知该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附带得知该岛以这些石雕而闻名。

　　三、针对性训练题

　　以下段落均选自近几年的高考英语阅读理解文章，均有一定难度，请你用以上方法试一试：

　　1. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）

　　2. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.（NMET1999. D篇）

　　3. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.（NMET2003.C篇）

　　4. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）

　　5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇）

　　【分析示范】

　　1. 先看破折号前面的Decision thinking is not unlike poker，这个句子虽不长，但有点难度，尤其是其中的not unlike这个双重否定的结构，其实它的意思就是like，句意为“做决策其实就像(like)打扑克牌”。破折号后面的内容包括有一个not only...but also... 结构，且句中反复出现what...think这样的词语，就像是绕口令似的，对于语感不是很好，而且又不会分析句子同学来说很有点难度，这句话的意思是：起作用的不但是你怎么想的，而且还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。

　　2. 句子的主干部分为Dad had forgotten...，其中的in a hurry to get...为介词短语，在此说明had forgotten的原因；破折号后的内容a mistake...为解释其前内容的同位语。全句大意为：爸爸急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，但却忘记系安全带——这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。

　　3. 这个句子的主干部分是the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds。句首的过去分词短语first put forward by…用作状语，表示时间；主句后的including…为介词短语，用以补充说明the finest mathematical minds；而including…短语中又包括有两个由who引导的定语从句，修饰名词短语a French woman scientist。此句句意为：这个定理最先由17世纪法国家皮尔法特提出，它曾使一批极其优秀的大师为难，其中包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院。

　　4. 句子的主干部分为it is difficult to measure...，其中句首的it为形式主语，其后的不定式为真正的主语；句中although引导的为让步状语从句，并且这个状语从句中又包括有一个who引导的定语从句，而正是在这个定语从句中又内含一个when引导的时间状语从句，其中的the printers start working overtime为其前时间状语从句的主句——你看这个句子有多复杂；句子最后一部分由that is引出，用以对前面的内容起解释和说明作用。全句大意为：由于因特网的使用，要计算所使用纸张的数量不是很容易的，尽管几乎任何在办公室的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时。也就是说，近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。

　　5. 句子的主干部分为it wasn’t unusual to hear…。句首的whereas为从属连词，意为“尽管”，在此引导一个让步状语从句。其中主句当中有四个语言难点尤其值得注意：一是句首的it为形式主语，句子真正的主语是其后的不定式to hear…；二是not unusual这一双重否定结构，其实它的意思是就是usual；三是not…until….结构，其中的not不是句中的第一个not而不是第二个 not（即didn’t know中的not）；四是until后的现在分词短语asking…，它在此用作状语，表示伴随情况。句意为：尽管一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开一次失败婚姻的人，然而听见一个男人说，直到他的朋友一天晚上问他是否可以睡在他家的沙发上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，这却是很平常的。

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