英语写作

定语从句知识点分析

时间:2024-09-10 09:03:56 羡仪 英语写作 我要投稿
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定语从句知识点分析

  上学期间,大家最不陌生的就是知识点吧!知识点是传递信息的基本单位,知识点对提高学习导航具有重要的作用。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键!以下是小编为大家整理的定语从句知识点分析,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

定语从句知识点分析

  被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。

  关系副词有:when,where,why,how。

  关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

  定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

  定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

  关系代词引导的定语从句

  1)who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  (who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  (whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换).

  例如:

  Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.

  3)which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等.

  例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

  (which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

  (which / that在句中作宾语)

  关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

  不用that的情况:

  a)在引导非限定性定语从句时

  (错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.

  b)介词后不能用

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  c)多用who 的情况

  ①关系代词在从句中做主语

  A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

  ②先行词为those,people 时

  Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

  ③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one 指人时

  One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

  ④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.

  ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

  A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

  ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

  The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

  There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

  只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  a)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

  All that is needed is a supply of oil.

  Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

  b)先行词有the only,the very,the just修饰时,只用that。

  He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

  c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。

  The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

  d)先行词既有人,又有物时。

  He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

  e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。

  Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

  f)关系代词在从句中做表语

  He is not the man that he used to be.

  关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.

  例如:

  There are occasions when (on which)one must yield.

  Beijing is the place where (in which)I was born.

  Is this the reason why (for which)he refused our offer?

  I'm surprised the way how (by which)he works out the problem.

  注意:

  ①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。

  如:They set up a state for their own ,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

  ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面。

  Is this the book which (that)she was looking for?

  名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句

  She has written a book ,the name of which I have forgotten.

  There are fifty-five students in our class ,all of whom are working hard.

  There are five continents in the world ,the largest of which is Asia.

  定语从句“三要素”

  1、先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

  ①指人的先行词

  ②指物的先行词

  先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

  He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us。 (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词

  2、关系词:引导定语的词

  (1)关系词的作用

  ①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)

  ②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)

  ③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)

  (2)关系词的分类

  ①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

  ②关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定

  (that/which/who/whom/whose/as)

  ③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)

  3、定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子

  定语从句的概念

  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

  定语从句的关系词

  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

  定语从句的分类

  根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

  关系代词的用法

  1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

  3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

  注意:

  (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

  (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

  (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

  (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

  a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

  b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

  f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:

  a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:

  What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

  b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

  c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

  五、关系副词的用法

  (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

  (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

  This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

  (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

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