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英语写作避免重复的方法
学会英文写作技巧很重要,会帮助你提高英语整体成绩。英文写作避免重复的方法,主要是通过代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来实现的。让我们一起来学习吧。
英语写作避免重复的方法 1
一、英文写作避免重复的方法
主要是通过代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来实现的。使用代词回避重复,这是最普通,也是常见的一种方法。例如:
When the entered,each was given a small present.
孩子们进来时,每人都得到一份小礼物。
二、用同义词避免重复
这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的概念。它包括范畴词、相近词(near-synonym)和派生词等。
Then they went on with of the peak.The climb was an extremely difficult one.
然后他们继续向顶峰攀登,这是一次极难的攀登。
这是一个很典型的例子。如果第一次用来表达概念的词不太常见,不太通俗易懂,那么第二次需要重提此概念时,作者往往用一个简单的字眼。如:第二句就用了同义词climb来替代ascent这个较冷僻的词,既避免了重复,又解释了了ascent的意义。
三、用省略手段回避重复
省略的主要功能就是避免重复,并能突出新的信息。省略是英语的一种习惯用法,它能节省词语,使语句结构显得紧凑。
1、省略名词
1)He spoke for the first motion and against the second.(the second=the second motion)
他赞成第一个提议,反对第二个提议。
2)Cut off the first and last parts of the play,and leave then middle.(the first=the first part of the play)
把这个剧本的首尾两部分删去,只留下中间部分。
2、省略动词,谈到动词的省略,典型的例子应首推培根关于读书的那段名言。例如:
1)Some books are to be tasted,others(are)to be swallowed,and some few (are) to be chewed and digested.
书有可浅尝者,有可尽食者,少数则需咀嚼消化。
2)Jack neednt stay here,but George must.(=but George must stay here)
杰克不必留下了,可是乔治必须留下来。
3、省略形容词,相比较而言,英语中省略形容词来避免重复的情形,不如其他词类多。
Robert seemed angry,and George certainly was(angry).
罗伯特似乎生气了,而乔治肯定是生气了。
4、省略从句
1)I did not notice it till too late.(=till it was too late)
等我注意到这事时,已经晚了。
2)l must get it done what ever the cost.(=what ever the cost may be)
无论代价如何,我也要把这事办成。
3)He gave the same answer as before.(=as he has given before)
他的回答和从前一样。
为了回避词语的重复,人们通常采用以上这3种省略手段。省略手段看似容易,因为有些内容可以略去不表,其实不然,能够做到正确地省略,说明一个人句子的运用能力已经达到纯熟的地步。有运用得当的省略句更能显示出学习者英语的规范性、地道性。避免重复是英语句子表达的一条原则。
英语写作避免重复的方法 2
1. 省略/删除
有时在一个句子里省略掉重复的部分,语法仍然正确。
It is much harder to segment markets now than in the 70s.
在“than”后省略 “to segment markets”。
Apple rules mobile devices; Google, the web; Facebook, social media; Amazon, e-commerce; and Microsoft, enterprise software.
在Google, Facebook, Amazon 和Microsoft后都省略了 “rules”。
另外有一些词可能完全是我们出于习惯,经常性地加在句子里的,比如quite, very, actually等。重读自己文章时(特别是朗读时)你一般会注意到这些重复又没太多意义的词,可以考虑删除一些。
2. 使用同(近)义词和词组
为避免过多使用同一个词,我们还可以使与其意思相同或相近的词与词组。比如negative effects可以用 “detrimental impact” 或 “harmful effects” 等来代替。描述 “冷” 除了用泛泛的词cold还可以根据具体程度用微冷(cool, brisk), 寒冷(chilly ), 或冰冷(freezing, frigid) 来代替。
下面一段关于有哪些故事内容最吸引读者的陈述中,作者用了几个表示感兴趣的近义词组(be concerned with, curious to know, be fascinated by):
Other stories captured our readers attention too, of course. People seem to be equally concerned with how social media is retraining human brains and upending social norms. Theyre curious to know how artificial intelligence will evolve. And theyre fascinated by what Big Data means for society at large.
但选用同(近)意词时,不要在字典里找到一个同义词就生硬地放进来。如果你不熟悉这个词, 有可能会使用不当。因为每个词除了字面意思还有引申的含义,如褒贬,程度, 正式或非正式等。作家Stephen King说过:“Any word you have to hunt for in a thesaurus is the wrong word.” (即不能依靠同义词典来寻找想用的词汇)。
想自如地使用恰当的词就需要我们平时积累学习词汇。在之前的一篇文章中,我曾特别讲到了如何提高词汇使用。
3. 使用代词或有指代意义的词
使用代词是常见的避免重复的方法。比如:
Seattle-based Nordstrom looks competitive (despite its setback at the Florida Mall). Its one of the few retailers still growing store count.
还有些帮助替代或省略的词, 如former, latter,counterpart。下面的例子里a句使用重复的词,而b句则巧妙用词避免了重复。
a. Monti and Renzi could not have been more different in their approaches and personalities. The Monti is a sober academic, while Renzi a flamboyant politician.
b. Monti and Renzi could not have been more different in their approaches and personalities. The former is a sober academic, while the latter a flamboyant politician.
a. The figure shows that older homeless adults have a greater disease burden than the younger homeless adults.
b. The figure shows that older homeless adults have a greater disease burden than their younger counterparts.
4. 变换句式
有些时候可以靠句式的变化,如利用伴随性状语或使用从句来减少词语重复。
对比下面例句中的a与b,使用伴随性状语,既表达出动作或情绪伴随性发生,又避免了同一主语的反复出现。
a. She sat down on the ground. She screamed and yelled in a hideous manner.
b. She sat down on the ground, screaming and yelling in a hideous manner.
a. The girls looked up at the three Nazi officers who entered the room. The girls were terrified.
b. Terrified, the girls looked up at the three Nazi officers who entered the room.
此外,利用复合句,将单句用从句连接词连起来也是一个避免用词重复的方法。如下面《纽约时报》中的一个例子:
a. MITs experiment has sparked discussions among admission deans. Some of the deans say they plan to offer similar opportunities for applicants to send evidence to project-based learning.
b. MITs experiment has sparked discussions among admission deans, some of whom say they plan to offer similar opportunities for applicants to send evidence to project-based learning.
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