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写好英语作文的十个原则
四六级英语写作是同学们最为之头疼的,其实凡事都有学习的技巧,只要找到属于你的学习方法,也能给突飞猛进,下面小编为大家搜索整理了写好英语作文的十个原则,希望能给大家带来帮助!
1. Express, not impress.
是表达,而不是印象
Good writing is not about the number of words you’ve produced, the quality of the adjectives you’ve written or the size of your font–it’s about the number of lives you’ve touched! It’s whether or not your reader understands you. It’s about expression, not impression.
写得好不好不在于你用了多少词、你用的形容词的质量或你使用的字体大小——而在于你写的东西感动了多少人!写得好不好是看你的读者是否理解你。它是关于表达,而不是印象。
2. Simple sentences work best.
简单的句子效果最好。
示例:
- The only possible option in order to accelerate the growth of the food industry is to focus on the fact that the target market of this business demands convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.
-要想加快食品行业的发展,最可能的方式是聚焦于目标市场对便利性、管辖权和成本效益的要求上。
- Better: The food industry can grow faster if food trucks focus on convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.
-更好的写法:如果食品交易聚焦于便利性、管辖权和成本效益,那么食品行业会发展得更快。
3. Active, rather than passive.
主动,而不是被动
示例:
The offering price was established by the real estate vendor and the negotiation process was initiated by the real estate buyer.
定价是由房地产商决定的,协商过程是由购房者发起的。
Better: The real estate vendor set the offering price, and the real estate buyer started negotiating.
更好的写法:房地产商定价,购房者展开协商。
4. Know who your target audience is.
了解目标受众
Who are you writing for? Who do you expect to read your article, your book, or your blog post? Will they care about what you’re talking about? Will they understand the message that you’re trying to get across? Good writing isn’t generic; it’s specific because it’s targeted towards a group of people with something common binding them.
你为谁写作?你期望谁来读你的文章、你的书或你的博客?他们关心你写的内容吗?他们会理解你想表达的信息吗?好的写作不是泛泛的;而是具体的,因为它针对的是一群有共同特征的人。
5. Read it aloud.
大声朗读
Reading your works out loud allows you to notice something that you might not have noticed if you were just reading it silently. Go on, read them out loud now. Also, try to listen to your work objectively as you read it. Are you making sense? Or are you simply stringing a couple of words together just to fill a gap?
把你的作品朗读出来,这会让你注意到默读时所忽略的内容。现在就把它们朗读出来吧。另外,当你朗读时,试着客观地去倾听你的作品。你写的有理吗?还是只是把几个词凑在一起来填补空白?
6. Avoid using jargon as much as possible.
尽量避免使用行话。
Not everyone in your audience will know what a “bull market” is. Not everyone knows that “pyrexia” is basically the same thing as “a fever”. And surely you can come up with a better term for high blood pressure than “hypertension”?
不是每个读者都知道“牛市”是什么。不是每个人都知道“pyrexia” (注:发热的临床用语)和“fever”基本上是一个意思。当然,你可以造一个比"hypertension"更好的词来表示高血压。
7. In terms of words, size matters.
词的长短也很重要。
Please, don’t strain yourself by browsing the Internet, looking for complicated and fancy-sounding words. Less is always more.
请不要让自己忙于浏览互联网来寻找复杂及花哨的词。少即是多。
示例:
- The man gave me a look so sharp that I sincerely believed it could pierce my heart and see my innermost fears.
-那名男子看我的眼神如此的犀利,我真的相信它能刺穿我的心,看清我内心的恐惧。
- Better: The man glared at me.
更好的写法:那名男子瞪着我。
8. Being positive is better than being negative–even in writing!
肯定比否定要更好——即使在写作中!
示例:
- I did not think that the unbelievable would not occur.
-我不认为令人难以置信的事情不会发生。
- Better: I thought the unbelievable would happen.
-更好的写法:我认为令人难以置信的事情是会发生的。
9. Set aside time for revising and rewriting–after you’ve written the whole content.
留下时间来修改和重写——在你写完全部内容后。
I’m not suggesting that you should edit each time you’ve finished a paragraph–that would just be tedious. What I’m telling is that you should first give yourself some time to finish the content prior to editing. Write away. Don’t edit yet. Don’t focus on the grammar yet. Don’t worry about the syntax, the synonym, the antonym or the order that you’re using.
我不是建议你每次写完一段话就修改一下——那样会很乏味。我建议你在编辑之前,应该给自己一些时间来完成写作的内容。写下来。先不要编辑。不要注重语法。不要担心语法、同义词、反义词或你用词的顺序。
Write for yourself, but mostly, write for your target audience. Write the message clearly and don’t be afraid to express your thoughts. Don’t censor yourself yet. Let the words flow. Don’t erase what you’ve written yet.
为你自己写作,但最重要的是,为你的目标受众写作。把内容清晰地写下来,不要害怕表达自己的思想。不要审查自己。让你的文字流动。先不要删除你所写的内容。
All the editing and the fixing will come later.
编辑内容和调整内容可以稍后进行。
10. Write. All the time.
写下来。每时每刻。
Good writing is simply always writing. Write when you’re sad. Write when you’re scared. Write when you don’t feel like writing.
好的写作技巧就是一直在写。悲伤时去写,害怕时去写,不想写的时候还要写。
写好英语作文的原则
一、 长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in awayquite similar.
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared beforetheexam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。***方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!
四、 短语优先原则
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. I want it.
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。
五、 多实少虚原则
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。
我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说 nice 这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:
走出房间,general 的词是:walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room
小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!
六、 多变句式原则
1)加法(串联)
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加 and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:
Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.(notonly…butalso…)
其它的短语可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)转折(拐弯抹角)
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个转折词就够了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Thecoatwasthin,but it was warm.
更多的短语:despite that, still 仍, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, in spite of 不管, despite不管, notwithstanding .虽然
3)因果(so, so, so)
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语:then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。
举例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:When to go, Why he goes away…
5)附加(多此一举)
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是 whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏)
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、 挑战极限原则
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上 5 分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
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