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考研英语写作必备八大语法结构
在考研英语写作中，如何打造一篇高分文章，词汇多变且句型丰富是重点。前者比较容易做到，后者需要扎实的语法基础。接下来小编为大家总结了丰富句子的八大语法结构，希望对各位考生有所帮助。
考研英语写作八大语法结构
1. 主动句变被动句
“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。
Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
2. 简单句变从句
名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入语
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定语从句：
步骤：
1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
3. it 句式
A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
4. 强调句
A. 强调谓语：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
5. 倒装
A. 表否定的副词、短语或状语位于主语之前或句首，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +状语位于句首，主句半倒装。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒装形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
6.双重否定
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
7. Ving/ved 状语
A. 两个动作同时发生且主语一致，将次要动作写成v-ing或v-ed形式做状语，即动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系时写成v-ing形式、为被动关系是写成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.两个动作主语一致，但前后发生，则可将先发生的动作写成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
8. 排比结构
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作为一种重要素质，自信带给我们力量、唤起我们对生活的热爱、帮助我们战胜困难。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英语写作总汇
描述图画或图表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture.... 从这张画中可以清楚地看到.......
译：从这张画中可以清楚地看到，随着国际文化交流的增加，越来越多的外国人渴望访问中国。
As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above... 正如上面所示...
译：正如上面所示，有两幅漫画描述了两种完全不同的情景。一幅描绘了人们在努力工作，而另一幅暗示了懒惰导致失败。
As is shown above, there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that... 这是一幅多么生动形象的画啊！它告诉我们...
译：这是一幅多么生动的画啊！它告诉我们，爱就像一盏在黑暗中的油灯, 它照亮了人们的心灵。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people's hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, ... 根据表中所给的统计数字，...
译：根据表中所给的统计数字，最近5年来旅游者的人数大大增加，2002年达到80,000,000人。
According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that ... 从这些统计数字（或这张图画）中可以看到，...
译：从这些统计数字（或这张图画）中可以看到，随着城市中汽车数量的不断增加,空气污染和噪音已经成为威胁城市居民生存的主要公害（public hazards）。
It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
6. It is generally believed （或accepted, thought, held） that ... 人们普遍认为，...
译：人们普遍认为，各国政府应该采取有力措施来保护森林资源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
7. The picture is thought-provoking, ... 这幅画发人深省，...
译：这幅画是发人深省的，它所说明的是我们今天社会普遍存在的一种现象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
8. What the drawing describes implies that ...... 这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，...
译：这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，我们应该经得住失败的考验。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
关于比较、利弊、优缺点的句型:
1. S + have （or has） a lot of advantages over... （与...相比有许多优点）
2. Compared with ..., sb./sth. has/have the advantage of ... （有... 方面的长处；... 的优点是 ...）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （对... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （对...有好处）
benefit from sth. （由于...而受益）
5. do （a lot of） good to sb. （对... 有许多好处）
be good for sb./sth. （对... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （对... 造成损坏）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （对... 有害处）
6. be as （not so） good/great as...
7. not so much ...as... （与其说...,不如说...）
说明原因的句型:
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. ...
生活条件改变的原因有两条。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，我们的经济在迅速发展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been under control. .
2． We have two good reasons for/against ...
我们有两条充分理由反对工业不受控制的发展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 从句
我们支持"希望工程"的原因是, 许多贫困地区的儿童付不起继续学业的各种费用。
The reason for us to support the "Project Hope" is that many children in poor areas can not shoulder different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
关于因果关系的句型:
物价上升的原因是需求的增加。
The cause of （=reason for） higher prices was an increase in demand.
或: Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或: An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或: The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或: If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise
译：他们取得的成果是由于他们的刻苦努力。What they have achieved results from their hard（=painstaking） work.
表示不同看法的句型:
1. 人们对这个问题的看法各不相同。When it comes to sth, the opinions of people differ
有些人认为 ... ；其他人争辩说 ... ；还有一些人主张 ...
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
2. 他们的观点各不相同。They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持这样的观点：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他们对这个问题的态度大相径庭。They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他们对噪音问题的态度截然不同。They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家长和孩子对这个问题的看法不同。家长认为，孩子应努力学习，得到好的学习成绩。而孩子们则认为，他们应该有更多的自由来支配他们的闲暇时间，来安排他们的未来。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型:
It is important （necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable） for sb. to do sth.
常用谚语 （在议论文中）:
1. 常言道，"事物总是一分为二的。" As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps."（观其交友，知其为人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （没有苦，就没有甜。）
6. It's no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水难收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不达。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （谁最后笑，谁笑得最好。）
辩论中常用的句型:
1. There is no doubt that ... 译：毫无疑问the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 爱心是一盏灯, 越黑暗的地方, 它越明亮。
3. 众所周知，中国一贯主张, 国家不管大小, 应该一律平等。As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （It's） no wonder ... （难怪） 译：他不努力工作, 难怪他丢了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成问题, 很自然 ） ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.
6.What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say ... 可以毫不夸张地说，...
举例表示法:
1. For example,/ For instance,the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. A case in point is that the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
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