2017年托福阅读强化训练题

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2017年托福阅读强化训练题

　　我们知道，想要顺利拿下托福阅读理解，大量的练习是少不了的。下面，小编就为大家送上一篇2017年托福阅读强化训练题。

2017年托福阅读强化训练题

　　What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

　　Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

　　What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

　　1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?

　　(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?

　　(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?

　　(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?

　　2. The word "unique" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) inherited

　　(B) habitual

　　(D) natural

　　3. The word "rotting" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) decaying

　　(B) collected

　　(D) cultivated

　　4. The word "key" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) uncommon

　　(B) important

　　(D) temporary

　　5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from

　　(A) one type of food consumption to another

　　(B) one environment to another

　　(D) a defensive to an offensive stance

　　6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate

　　(A) the advantages of specialization

　　(B) the type of food that larvae are fed

　　(D) the different stages of ant development

　　7. The author uses the word "Hence" in line 16 to indicate

　　(A) a logical conclusion

　　(B) the next step in a senes of steps

　　(D) the relationship among ants

　　8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT

　　(A) eusocial (line 3)

　　(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)

　　(D) predators (line 23)

　　9. The word "they" in line 25 refers to

　　(A) termites

　　(B) ants

　　(D) predators

　　10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites

　　(A) live above ground

　　(B) are eusocial

　　(D) eat almost no animal substances

　　参考答案：DCABC AACAD

　　附：托福阅读理解的做题误区

　　考生做旧托福考试(TOEFL)阅读或者平时的阅读练习时，时常表现出一些不良的做题习惯。有些考生读文章时喜欢在试题上划线，似乎不做记号，阅读就无法进行，思维就停止活动。不过在新托福网络考试中，考生面对电脑就做不了任何标志记号。

　　有些考生文章根本不读完，直接做题。这种方法相当于瞎子摸象，对文章只有局部的感觉，整个文章的概念无法获得。要提醒考生的是，近年考试中针对整个文章提问的题量有所增加。所以，这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。

　　有些考生则喜欢把文章一字不漏地细读之后再做题。这种方法仅适合于两种情况，其一，考生已具备相当的阅读水平，长期以来运用这种方法效果甚佳;其二，某一篇具体的文章是考生所熟悉的内容，细读文章并不会花太多的时间。一般来说，大部分考生采用细读文章方法，做题时间严重不足。考生不应该忘记，阅读理解测试速度和理解两个方面。

　　在做词汇题时，许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关，认识单词能做对，不认识单词就会做错。事实上，那些认识的单词经常做错，不认识的单词反而能做对。原因是，做不认识单词时，考生会仔细研读词汇题的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时，忽略上下文的重要性，往往是装模作样的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉择。所以，做好词汇题关键在于透彻分析上下文--词汇题的句子以及上下一句话，有时候，个别词汇题也许需要在文章其他段落寻找线索。

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