2017年托福考试词汇练习及答案

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2017年托福考试词汇练习及答案

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2017年托福考试词汇练习及答案

　　1. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.

　　The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) extensive 广阔的规模大的

　　(B) surprising

　　(D) excellent

　　2. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.

　　The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) example

　　(B) location

　　(D) characteristic

　　3. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

　　The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) record

　　(B) describe

　　(D) explain

　　4. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a至高权利 supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.

　　The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to

　　(A) a suggestion

　　(B) an improvement

　　(D) a development

　　5. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of 无数的myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

　　The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) noticeable

　　(B) many

　　(D) unusual

　　6. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.

　　The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) most common

　　(B) most outstanding

　　(D) most convenient

　　7. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.

　　The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) sink

　　(B) decide

　　(D) locate

　　8. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending上升的 cliff faces.

　　The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) arriving at

　　(B) carving

　　(D) climbing

　　9. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a 严肃的solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

　　The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) simple

　　(B) serious

　　(D) silent

　　10. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

　　The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) selected

　　(B) combined

　　(D) created

　　The word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) totals

　　(B) successes

　　(D) groups of musicians

　　11. The Earth 包括comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.

　　The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) adapts to

　　(B) benefits from

　　(D) focuses on

　　12. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense极端的 deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.

　　The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) surface

　　(B) sudden

　　(D) extreme

　　13. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges.

　　The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) edges

　　(B) peaks

　　(D) distances

　　14. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.

　　The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) separate

　　(B) create

　　(D) hold

　　15. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

　　The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) ignorance

　　(B) recognition

　　(D) forgiveness

　　16. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.

　　The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) concern

　　(B) disadvantage

　　(D) prejudice

　　17. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.

　　The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) most frequent

　　(B) occasional

　　(D) most dangerous

　　18. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times.

　　The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) dried

　　(B) flooded

　　(D) evaporated浓缩的脱水的

　　19. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?

　　The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) odd奇怪的

　　(B) marine

　　(D) rare

　　20. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.

　　The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) grows again

　　(B) grabs

　　(D) uses as a weapon

　　21. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is 同性质的homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.

　　The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) uniform正确答案

　　(B) general

　　(D) traditional

　　22. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.

　　The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) generally rejects放弃拒绝

　　(B) greatly modifies修改

　　(D) often criticizes

　　23. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails.劝说流行占优势获胜 Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".

　　The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) dominates统治

　　(B) provides

　　(D) invests

　　24. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle微妙的细微的 atmospheric changes that precede these storms.

　　The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) complex

　　(B) regular

　　(D) slight

　　25. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.

　　The word "compile" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) put together

　　(B) look up

　　(D) work over检查研究重做毒打

　　26. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.

　　The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) stormy

　　(B) inaccurate

　　(D) unprocessed未经加工的原始的

　　27. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos.

　　The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) regret

　　(B) possibility

　　(D) circumstance

　　28. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed.

　　The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) harshly 粗糙的

　　(B) surprisingly

　　(D) approximately

　　29. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.

　　The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) solve

　　(B) explain

　　(D) increase

　　30.The word "distinctions" is closest in meaning to which of following?

　　(A) differences

　　(B) classes

　　(D) characteristics

　　参考答案：

　　1 D2 B3 D4 C5 B6 B7 C8 D9 B10 D C

　　11 C12 D13 A14 D15 B16 D17 A18 C19 A20 C

　　21 A22 A23 A24 D25 A26 D27 B28 D29 D A30 A