2016年大一英语期末考试试题

　　Part II Reading Comprehension (30%) (25 minutes)

2016年大一英语期末考试试题

　　Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　Speech, the act of uttering sounds to convey meaning, is a kind of human action. Like any other constantly repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.

　　As far as we can determine, human beings do not need to be forced to speak; most babies seem to possess a sort of instinctive drive to produce speech like noises. How to speak and what to say are another matter altogether. These actions are learned from the particular society into which the baby is born; so that, like all conduct that is learned from a society, from the people around us, speech is a patterned activity.

　　The meandering babble and chatter of a young child are eventually channeled by imitation into a few orderly grooves that represent the pattern accepted as meaningful by the people around him. Similarly, a child’s indiscriminate practice of putting things into his mouth becomes limited to putting food into his mouth in a certain way.

　　The sounds that a child can make are more varied and numerous than the sounds that any particular language utilizes. However, a child born into a society with a pattern of language is encouraged to make a small selection of sounds and to make these few sounds over and over until it is natural for him to make these sounds and no others.

　　21. What is the subject of the passage?

　　A) How to make sounds.

　　B) The origin of language.

　　C) A child’s learning process of speaking.

　　D) A baby’s sounds.

　　22. A child’s chatter becomes speech when it ____.

　　A) begins to follow meaningful patterns

　　B) contains enough sounds

　　C) becomes natural to him

　　D) begins to be repeated

　　23. The most important factor in a child’s learning to speak is probably____.

　　A) instinct B) selection C) variety D) imitation

　　24. Which of the following is NOT true about children?

　　A) Most babies have an instinctive drive to make speech like noises.

　　B) A child can make more numerous sounds than those in any language.

　　C) The society around a child determines what sounds will be considered meaningful.

　　D) For a child, the process of speaking usually involves unconscious actions.

　　25. We may say that a child has learned to speak if he_______.

　　A) makes varied sounds

　　B) carefully considers each sounds he makes

　　C) makes only certain sounds naturally

　　D) imitates people around him

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

　　The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75 percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97 percent of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3 percent---the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground and other sources. But unfortunately, some of it has been polluted and is unfit for drinking.

　　However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly—almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. So we all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water.

　　One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of re-using water. Today in most large cities water is used only once and then discharged. But it is possible to pipe water that has been used to a purifying plant, and then it can be used again.

　　But even if every large city purified and re-used its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? Did you hear someone say“to the oceans”? I think that’s a possible solution. All we’d have to do is to remove the salt. This process is already in use in many parts of the world.

　　26. What is the main subject of the passage?

　　A) The reason why the world is both hungry and thirsty.

　　B) How to avoid a severe worldwide water shortage.

　　C) The first steps we should take.

　　D) Where to find fresh water.

　　27. All the fresh water____.

　　A) is good enough to be used

　　B) is polluted and can’t be used

　　C) cannot be used by man, as some of it has been polluted

　　D) comes from oceans, rivers and lakes

　　28. Which of the following statements is false?

　　A) 3 percent of the earth’s surface is fresh water.

　　B) There is far more sea water than fresh water on the earth.

　　C) We can get fresh water from underground.

　　D) 97 percent of the water on the earth’s surface cannot be drunk.

　　29. Which of the following statements cannot explain why we are not able to use all of the earth’s water?

　　A) Only a small percentage of it is fit for drinking.

　　B) Some of it has been polluted.

　　C) About 97 percent of it is sea water.

　　D) There is still enough fresh water for us to use.

　　30. To avoid worldwide water shortage in the future, the writer suggested in this passage that______.

　　A) we invent ways of increasing rainfall

　　B) we develop ways of reusing water and utilizing sea water

　　C) we cut off our consumption of water

　　D) we reduce the number of factories requiring the use of large amount of water

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

　　Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit.. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. Seventy-five percent of the male population and forty-six percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but twenty-six percent of these men and eleven percent of these women have stopped smoking. The number of .persons who have given up smoking is increasing.

　　Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24 to 44.

　　Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.

　　The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

　　Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenager smokers from upper income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.

　　31. The best title of the passage should be_______.

　　A) Smoking Is Harmful B) Do You Smoke

　　C) Who Smokes D) Cigarette Industry

　　32. According to the passage_______.

　　A) seventy-five percent of the male population in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly

　　B) eleven percent of the women who have smoked in the United States have stopped smoking

　　C) forty-six percent of the female population in the United States have stopped smoking

　　D) thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States have given up smoking

　　33. _______is less likely to smoke cigarettes.

　　A) A well—educated man with a high income

　　B) A man with fewer years of schooling and a lower income

　　C) A well educated man living in the city

　　D) A man living on the farm

　　34. For women, ______ smoke more cigarettes.

　　A) lower educational groups B) lower income groups

　　C) adult groups D) higher educational groups

　　40. For teenagers, the situation is similar to_____.

　　A) that of the men living in cities B) that of people living on farms

　　C) that of the adult men D) that of the adult women

　　Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15%) (20 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

　　36. She ______ through the old papers to see what can be thrown away.

　　A. sorted B. selected C. chose D. collected

　　37. There has been little response ______ our call for help.

　　A. on B. to C. of D. for

　　38. I found her secret ______ when I visited her last time.

　　A. on a chance B. on the chance

　　C. by chance D. by a chance

　　39. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ______.

　　A. puzzled B. perplex C. confused D. bewildered

　　40. He is very much critical of the government’s _______ policies.

　　A. economics B. economy

　　C. economic D. economical

　　41. ________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

　　A. Although much he likes her

　　B. Much although he likes her

　　C. As he likes her much

　　D. Much as he likes her

　　42. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he ______ over the meeting with great skill.

　　A. presided B. administered C. mastered D. executed

　　43. Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ______ so much noise.

　　A. resist B. sustain C. tolerate D. undergo

　　44. There is little chance that mankind would ______ a nuclear war.

　　A. retain B. maintain C. endure D. survive

　　45. _______ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

　　A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

　　46. Children are very curious ______.

　　A. at heart B. in person C. on purpose D. by nature

　　47. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.

　　A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied

　　48. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ____.

　　A. out of work B. out of reach

　　C. out of stock D. out of practice

　　49. His shabby house was in a terrible ____ and smelled badly.

　　A. disorder B. mess C. neatness D. mass

　　50. The newspaper did not mention the _____ of the damage caused by the fire.

　　A. range B. level C. extent D. quantity

　　51. When I caught him ____ me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

　　A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

　　52. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.

　　A. genuine B. minimum C. modest D. generous

　　53. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her _____ for a whole week.

　　A. constrained B. dominated C. restricted D. occupied

　　54. We got to work and succeeded, after a good deal of _____, in making our butter.

　　A. trial and error B. happiness and sadness

　　C. hardship and enjoyment D. days and nights

　　55. Alan told them __________ to Jane.

　　A. all had been happened B. all which had happened

　　C. all that had happened D. all what had been happened

　　56. It is difficult to _____ a conversation with all this noise around us.

　　A. carry on B. account for C. bring up D. get through

　　57. Don’t ____ this news to the public until we give you the go- ahead.

　　A. release B. relieve C. relate D. retain

　　58. There were some ______ flowers on the table.

　　A. artificial B. unnatural C. false D. unreal

　　59. Here are some toys. You can _____ one or two for your little son as a birthday gift from me.

　　A. single out B. pick out C. carry out D. work out

　　60. When there is a doubt, the chairman’s decision is ______.

　　A. right B. definite C. naturally D. certainly

　　61. To our delight, she quickly adapted herself ____ the new environment.

　　A. with B. to C. of D. into

　　62. You will see this product _____ wherever you go.

　　A. to be advertised B. advertised

　　C. advertise D. advertising

　　63. I didn’t know the word. I had to ______ a dictionary.

　　A. look out B. make out C. refer to D. go over

　　64. You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

　　A. shouldn’t follow B. couldn’t have been following

　　C. mustn’t follow D. shouldn’t have been following

　　65. In the _____ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.

　　A. face B. event C. time D. course

　　Part IV Cloze (10%) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are just four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Did you ever have someone’s name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? 66 this happens again, do not 67 to recall it. Do something 68 for a couple of minutes, 69 the name may come into your head. The name is there, since you have met 70person and learned his name. It 71 has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall 72 the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious 73 that go to dig up a 74 memory. Forcing yourself to recall 75 never helps because it doesn’t 76 your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful 77 examinations. They read over the questions 78 trying to answer any of them. 79 they answer first the ones 80 which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking 81 ; work is being done on the 82 difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers 83 the more difficult ones will usually begin to 84 into consciousness. It is 85 a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.

　　66. A. As B. When C. While D. Whether

　　67. A. try B. want C. hesitate D. wait

　　68. A. simple B. apart C. else D. similar

　　69. A. unless B. and C. or D. until

　　70. A. some B. certain C. a D. this

　　71. A. then B. really C. only D. indeed

　　72. A. leads B. begins C. helps D. prepares

　　73. A. deeds B. activities C. movements D. procedures

　　74. A. light B. fresh C. dim D. dark

　　75. A. merely B. almost C. barely D. hardly

　　76. A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce

　　77. A. into B. in C. about D. by

　　78. A. after B. besides C. before D. against

　　79. A. Thus B. But C. therefore D. Then

　　80. A. of B. with C. for D. in

　　81. A. place B. shape C. charge D. action

　　82. A. too B. less C. not D. more

　　83. A. to B. of C. about D. for

　　84. A. appear B. grow C. extend D. come

　　85. A. nearly B. likely C. just D. even

　　Part V Translation (10%) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part there are five sentences that you should translate into English. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.

　　86. 他的建议也许并不完美，但它至少能够解决我们现在面临的问题。

　　87. 儿子出车祸的消息确实让这对老年夫妇不知所措。

　　88. 我烦透了他，不是因为他人不好，而是因为他总是那样炫耀他的成绩。

　　89. 不必说，疾病使他别无选择，只能控制饮食并放弃许多他很喜欢的食品。

　　90. 你必须使约翰明白花太多的时间玩电脑游戏对他没有好处。

　　Part VI Writing (15%) (20 minutes)

　　Directions: For this part you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Good Health. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

　　Outline: 1. 健康的重要性

　　2. 保持健康的各种方法

　　3. 你的做法

　　【参考答案】

　　Section A

　　1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C

　　6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B

　　Section B

　　11. needs 12. solving 13. myriad 14. cover

　　15. patch 16. developing 17. holds

　　18. complains that he or she “doesn’t get” math, give your child an example

　　19. provide a dinner for the family, complete with the four basic food groups and dessert