2023雅思阅读重点题材解析

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2023雅思阅读重点题材解析

　　在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家都知道雅思吧，以下是小编收集整理的2023雅思阅读重点题材解析，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

2023雅思阅读重点题材解析

　　下面是动物和植物类和心理语言类文章，各占27篇。

　　比较常规考到的是地理环境类、考古研究类和经济管理类，今年格外值得注意的是跨界题材，即同一文章涉及两个不同的领域和学科的内容，例如它会讲到人文音乐对于工程师也就是arts对engineering的影响,或是一个国家所处的地理环境跟这国家的自然气候对国家经济产生的影响，这个不容小视。接下来我们一一分开去说。

　　1. 雅思阅读文章题材--物品/机构发展说明

　　1C5T2P1: Bakelite

　　1C7T2P1: Why pagodas don’t fall down

　　1C8T1P1: A Chronicle of Timekeeping

　　1C8T1P2: Air Traffic Control in USA

　　1C10T1P1: Stepwells

　　1C10T3P2: Autumn Leaves

　　这一题型从剑五开始历数，剑五第二套试题第一篇文章，有关Bakelite，文章的翻译标题叫做电木，在中文中很多人也没有听过这个名称，看了副标题才知道这是人造塑料的前身。在文章中关于这个东西是由谁发明的，它有什么样的用途，应用在什么领域中，人们对它的接受和使用情况如何，等等，结构非常清晰。

　　同样，剑七中有一篇关于日本的古塔结构;剑八中有文章讲各个国家对于计时工具在不同历史时期的发展;剑八中还有一篇文章讲美国的航空交通管制ATC的发展过程;剑十中有提到梯井或者是步井，是印度非常独特的建筑结构，要走到很深的台阶底下去取水。这些都是类似的物品或机构发展说明类文章，值得考生好好研读以掌握其行文模式。

　　2. 雅思阅读文章题材--动物植物

　　1C4T1P2: What do Whales Feel?

　　1C4GB: Understanding Bee Behavior

　　1C5T4P3: Effects of Light on Plant and Animal Species

　　1C6GB: PTEROSAURS

　　1C9T1P3: The history of the tortoise

　　动物和植物是雅思阅读和听力都经常会考到的话题。从剑桥系列的情况来看，这类题目也很多。比如剑四中一篇经典的海洋哺乳动物文章讲到鲸类的感觉;剑五中有文章讲光对于植物和动物的影响;剑九中有文章讲乌龟的历史;剑十里有一篇讲到秋天的树叶，在树叶中所包含的花青素和叶绿素分别都有一些什么样的功能，等等。

　　此外还值得注意的是，GB这个简称指General training也就是我们通常所说移民类文章的B套，也就是移民类阅读考卷中的第二套试题。需注意剑桥系列每本书中、G类每一套的section 3题材和文章难度很接近于A类的第一篇或第二篇文章，尤其在题材上与A类考试中的动植物场景有大幅度重合，所以G类section 3文章对于A类考生来说也有试做和分析的意义。

　　就比如说剑四G类第二套的Section3文章，理解蜜蜂的行为，与今年两次考到的与蜜蜂相关的文章在题材上都很接近;剑六G类的Section 3在第二套试题当中的文章讲恐龙中会飞的那一种，翼龙;剑八G类中还有一篇叫snake oil的文章，看标题可能会以为是在讲“蛇油”，其实说的却是一种有药用价值的植物紫松果菊。这些动物和植物类材料都可以拿来作为A类考生同类对比和学习了解的题材。

　　3. 雅思阅读文章题材--地理环境

　　1C4T3P2: Volcanoes

　　1C5T3P2: Disappearing Delta

　　1C6T1P3: Climate Change and the Inuit

　　1C7T3P3: “European Forest”

　　1C8T2P2: little Ice Age

　　1C9T3P2: Tidal Power

　　地理环境从剑四到剑九是一个常考不衰的话题，这一点大家从此处列出的剑桥系列文章分布也能很容易地看出来。尤其剑七第三套第三篇文章讲欧洲森林以及各国开会讨论如何制订森林政策，其中也涉及森林跟环境的相互作用。

　　4. 雅思阅读文章题材--考古研究

　　考古研究自剑三就开始出现。现在看剑三虽然题目老了，但文章本身还有可读意义。比如，剑三的一篇文章讲到人种志学类似内容，当中涉及到很多单词和基本概念，这些相关内容在之后的剑四到剑十系列中都反复有出现。

　　5. 雅思阅读文章题材--经济管理

　　经济管理题目在2014年基本每考三次就有一两篇相关内容，但剑桥真题中相关题材文章不多。经济管理这个领域大家可以重点看以下的几篇文章。

　　1C6T3P2: Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions

　　1C6T4P1: Doctoring sales

　　1C10T3P1: The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism

　　6. 雅思阅读文章题材--跨领域跨题材

　　跨领域跨题材的文章会提到文科类的某一个学科对于理科类当中某一个学科研究的影响。从剑五到剑十中有如下的相关文章供我们复习。

　　1C5T4P1: The Impact of Wilderness Tourism

　　1C7T1P2: Making Every Drop Count

　　1C7T2P2: The True Cost of Food

　　1C10T2P1: Tea and the Industrial Revolution

　　建议大家以从官方校准的真题入手，将剑四到剑十一所有A类试题，以及每一套G类试题的section3进行一个参考，对于上述文章都没有盲区后，在解决了自己所有问题的基础上，再结合真题来看机经中的相关题材和文章类型，并了解有可能都考过哪些问题，同学们的水平才能得到最好发挥。

　　习题

　　Selling Digital Music without Copy-protection Makes Sense

　　A. It was uncharacteristically low-key for the industry's greatest showman. But the essay published this week by Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, on his firm’s website under the unassuming title "Thoughts on Music" has nonetheless provoked a vigorous debate about the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store. At issue is "digital rights management" DRM—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft. Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another. Apple's DRM system, called FairPlay, is the most widespread. So it came as a surprise when Mr. Jobs called for DRM for digital music to be abolished.

　　B. This is a change of tack for Apple. It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers. Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players at least not without a lot of fiddling, any iTunes buyer will be deterred from switching to a device made by a rival firm, such as Sony or Microsoft. When French lawmakers drafted a bill last year compelling Apple to open up FairPlay to rivals, the company warned of "state-sponsored piracy". Only DRM, it implied, could keep the pirates at bay.

　　C. This week Mr. Jobs gave another explanation for his former defence of DRM: the record companies made him do it. They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM. They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised. Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly. All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation. So, he suggests, why not do away with DRM and sell music unprotected? "This is clearly the best alternative for consumers," he declares, "and Apple would embrace it in a heartbeat."

　　D. Why the sudden change of heart? Mr Jobs seems chiefly concerned with getting Europe's regulators off his back. Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free." Two and a half of the four big record companies, he helpfully points out, are European-owned. Mr Jobs also hopes to paint himself as a consumer champion. Apple resents accusations that it has become the Microsoft of digital music.

　　E. Apple can afford to embrace open competition in music players and online stores. Consumers would gravitate to the best player and the best store, and at the moment that still means Apple's. Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today, he notes. And even the protected tracks can be burned onto a CD and then re-ripped. So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".

　　F. The music giants are trying DRM-free downloads. Lots of smaller labels already sell music that way. Having seen which way the wind is blowing, Mr Jobs now wants to be seen not as DRM's defender, but as a consumer champion who helped in its downfall. Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most. Mr Jobs's argument, in short, is transparently self-serving. It also happens to be right.

　　Questions 1-7 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.

　　2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.

　　3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.

　　4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.

　　5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.

　　6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.

　　7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.

　　Questions 8-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.

　　8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs'idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?

　　A. DRM places restrictions on consumer'choice of digital music products available.

　　B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.

　　C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.

　　D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.

　　9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.

　　A. refused

　　B. welcomed

　　C. not bothered

　　D. not well received

　　10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?

　　A. Sony would gain the most profit.

　　B. More customers would be “locked in”.

　　C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.

　　D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.

　　Questions 11-14 Complete the notes below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.

　　Notes to Reading Passage 1

　　1. low-key：抑制的，受约束的，屈服的

　　2. showman：开展览会的人，出风头的人物

　　3. unassuming：谦逊的，不夸耀的，不装腔作势的

　　4. iPod：苹果公司出产的音乐播放器

　　5. iTunes store：苹果公司出产的在线音乐商店

　　6. get off person's back: 不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠

　　7. gravitate: 受吸引，倾向于

　　8. unfazed: 不再担忧，不被打扰

　　Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13

　　1. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."

　　2. FALSE

　　See the third sentence in Paragraph A "…At issue is 'digital rights management' DRM—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."

　　3. TRUE

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."

　　4. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has 'locked in' customers."

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players at least not without a lot of fiddling."

　　6. FALSE

　　See the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related 'lock in'".

　　7. NOT GIVEN

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."

　　8. B

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."

　　9. C

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."

　　10. A

　　See the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."

　　11. the iTunes store

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."

　　12. withdraw their catalogues

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."

　　13. produce security fixes

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."

　　14. redirect their energies

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."

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