GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题

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GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题

　　在日常学习和工作生活中，我们都离不开练习题，做习题在我们的学习中占有非常重要的位置，对掌握知识、培养能力和检验学习的效果都是非常必要的，你所见过的习题是什么样的呢？以下是小编帮大家整理的GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题，希望能够帮助到大家。

GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题

　　GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题

　　Arguments

　　What is an argument?

　　An argument in logic is a set of one or more meaningful declarative sentences (or "propositions") known as the premises with another sentence known as the conclusion. Therefore, each argument has at least two components: 1) a piece of evidence or proposition, officially called a “premise,” and 2) a conclusion.

　　Consider the following two statements:

　　1)Ming Li is smart.

　　2)Ming Li went to Peking University.

　　Each statement by itself is simply a claim or an assertion. Can you combine them together to form an argument?

　　One answer might be:

　　Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University.

　　The red part of the answer is the conclusion; the blue part of the answer is thepremise. These color codes will be the convention I use to label premise and conclusion through out the series.

　　A premise supports a conclusion. Most argument are not bullet-proof. That is: the evidence provided does not PROVE the conclusion reached beyond a shadow of a doubt. A premise is just an evidence, one reason to shed some positive light on the conclusion, one piece of information which makes the conclusion more likely. In CR, all premises given in the stimulus are considered true. In the above example, we should not doubt whether Ming went to Peking University or not. However, we can analyze the argument by focusing on the logic which connects the premise and the conclusion in an argument.

　　Indicators

　　How to tell which statement is a premise or a conclusion in an argument? A quick way is to find indicators such as because, since, for, as, considering, whereas, and on the grounds that, which signal to the reader that a premise is coming! In the example above, Ming Li is smart because he went to Peking University, he went to Peking University is the premise since this statement follows the word because.

　　A second way to form an argument using exactly the same statements is:

　　Because Ming Li is smart, he went to Peking University.

　　This is a totally different argument from the first one in that the premise and the conclusion switch their places. Ming Li is smart is now the premise.

　　These two examples show that the order, in which each statement shows up in an argument, is less important than the logical relationship shown in the argument when deciphering which is the premise and which is the conclusion. Use the indicators to help you march through the puzzle in the beginning. The indicators for a conclusion might include: thus, therefore, accordingly, hence, in this way, consequently, and as a result.

　　What if there is no indicator in the argument?

　　In case you cannot find an indicator for premise/conclusion, you have to understand what the aruthor is trying to say and ask yourself which part is the conclusion and which part is the premise to support the conclusion. Consider the following example:

　　Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.

　　Which one is the conclusion? Which one is the premise? Most likely you would say that the 1st sentence is the conclusion and the 2nd sentence is the premise.

　　Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled. These products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.

　　If in doubt, 1) simply connect the two sentences using the word because; and 2) see which one of the resulting arguments makes more sense:

　　1) Every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled because these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.

　　2) Becasue every milk product from Three Deers must be recalled, these products contains melamine which could lead to renal failure.

　　In CR test, if you can locate the premise and the conclusion of an argument, you have 50% chance of getting the right answer in the end. Train your eyes and brains to identify the conclusion of an argument quickly and precisely. Make sure your first step of a long march to the victory gets off on the right foot.

　　GMAT考试逻辑基础练习题

　　Most of the worlds sup* of uranium currently comesfrom mines. It is possible to extracturanium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price thaturanium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater cansomehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to becommercially viable.

　　Which of the following would it be most useful todetermine in evaluating the argument?

　　(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidlybeing depleted

　　(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined

　　(C) Whether there are any technological advances thatshow promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater

　　(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater issignificantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land

　　(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at acost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

　　GMAT逻辑真题答案:

　　答案: A

　　思路：B：是否uranium是在near where it is mined被用的，与uranium从哪开采出来的成本高低无关系，所以跟结论也无关系;

　　C：technological advances是无关词。有这样的技术，也不能确定这种技术会被使用，也就是说，不确定cost是否会真的会下降;有没有这样的技术和最终from seawater的cost降下来之间没有“必然”联系。有它可以，没它也没什么!!

　　D：uranium的储存量到底在seawater高还是land高，这不能决定谁的cost高低，从而也不能决定结论是否成立;

　　E：freshwater无关名词。把from freshwater和from seawater比cost是没有意义的。我们这里需要比from seawater和from land的cost;

　　A：是否uranium将会很快消耗光，这就预示着是否uranium on the worldmarket的价格是否会有巨大上涨，也就是uraniumcost on the world market是否会超过from seawater的uranium, 也就决定了是否this method is commerciallyviable。

　　GMAT逻辑真题练习及答案

　　Plant scientists have used genetic engineering on seedsto produce crop plants that are highly resistant to insect damage. Unfortunately,the seeds themselves are quite expensive, and the plants require morefertilizer and water to grow well than normal ones. Thus, for most farmers the savings on pesticideswould not compensate for the higher seed costs and the cost of additionalfertilizer. However, since consumer demand for grains, fruits, and vegetables grownwithout the use of pesticides continues to rise, the use of geneticallyengineered seeds of this kind is likely to become widespread.

　　In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the followingroles?

　　(A) The first supplies a context for the argument; thesecond is the arguments main conclusion.

　　(B) The first introduces a development that the argumentpredicts will have a certain outcome; the second is a state of affairs that theargument denies will be part of that outcome.

　　(C) The first presents a development that the argumentpredicts will have a certain outcome; the second acknowledges a considerationthat weighs against that prediction.

　　(D) The first provides evidence to support a predictionthat the argument seeks to defend; the second is that prediction.

　　(E) The first and the second each provide evidence tosupport the arguments main conclusion.

　　答案: C

　　思路：However后面与作者立场一致, However前面与作者立场相反。

　　A：排除;因为The frist应该与argument立场相反

　　B：排除，因为the second is a state of affairs that the argument denies错了. The second应该与argument的立场一致.

　　D：排除，因为The first应该与作者立场相反;

　　E：排除，因为The first应该与作者立场相反;

　　C：第一句话是argument预测的一个结果. 预测就有可能**或反对; 第二句话反对了预测的东西,也就是反对一句话。没有什么错, 不能排除.

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