GMAT逻辑真题训练

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GMAT逻辑真题训练

　　在社会的各个领域，我们需要用到试题的情况非常的多，通过试题可以检测参试者所掌握的知识和技能。大家知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？以下是小编帮大家整理的GMAT逻辑真题训练试题，希望能够帮助到大家。

　　GMAT逻辑真题训练 1

　　Most of the worlds supply of uranium currently comesfrom mines. It is possible to extracturanium from seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price thaturanium fetches on the world market. Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater cansomehow be reduced, this method of obtaining uranium is unlikely to becommercially viable.

　　Which of the following would it be most useful todetermine in evaluating the argument?

　　(A) Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidlybeing depleted

　　(B) Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined

　　(C) Whether there are any technological advances thatshow promise of reducing the cost of extracting uranium from seawater

　　(D) Whether the total amount of uranium in seawater issignificantly greater than the total amount of uranium on land

　　(E) Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at acost similar to the cost of extracting it from seawater

　　GMAT逻辑真题答案:

　　参考答案: A

　　思路：B：是否uranium是在near where it is mined被用的，与uranium从哪开采出来的成本高低无关系，所以跟结论也无关系;

　　C：technological advances是无关词。有这样的技术，也不能确定这种技术会被使用，也就是说，不确定cost是否会真的会下降;有没有这样的技术和最终from seawater的cost降下来之间没有“必然”联系。有它可以，没它也没什么!!

　　D：uranium的储存量到底在seawater高还是land高，这不能决定谁的.cost高低，从而也不能决定结论是否成立;

　　E：freshwater无关名词。把from freshwater和from seawater比cost是没有意义的。我们这里需要比from seawater和from land的cost;

　　A：是否uranium将会很快消耗光，这就预示着是否uranium on the worldmarket的价格是否会有巨大上涨，也就是uraniumcost on the world market是否会超过from seawater的uranium, 也就决定了是否this method is commerciallyviable。这是正确答案。

　　GMAT逻辑真题训练 2

　　Urban air contains more sulfur dioxide than does ruralair, and plants in cities typically grow more slowly than do plants in ruralareas. In an experiment to see how muchof the difference in growth is due to sulfur dioxide, classes in an urban and arural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered thegreenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide. Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the ruralgreenhouse.

　　Which of the following, if true, would it be mostimportant to take into account in evaluating the result?

　　(A) The urban school was located in a part of the city inwhich levels of sulfur dioxide in the air were usually far lower than istypical for urban areas.

　　(B) At both schools, the plants in the greenhouses grewmuch more quickly than did plants planted outdoors in plots near thegreenhouses.

　　(D) Heavy vehicular traffic such as is found in citiesconstantly deposits grime on greenhouse windows, reducing the amount of lightthat reaches the plants inside.

　　(E) Because of the higher levels of sulfur dioxide in theair at the urban school, the air filters for the urban schools greenhouse werechanged more frequently than were those at the rural school.

　　GMAT逻辑真题答案:

　　参考答案: D

　　思路：

　　A. school located在哪不是新原因。

　　B: 有模糊词some，然而文章结论无绝对词，干掉!;

　　C: fullerenes是如何形成的，跟检测the state of earth’s crust无关;

　　A: 是迷惑的选项。confirming矿石含有fullerenes 需要仔细实验，说明要在矿石中发现fullerenes挺麻烦，但是并不能说明发现fullerenes会对检测fullerenes产生影响;

　　D: fullerenes晶体结构我们不知道，无法从它来了解the state of earth’s crust. 正确答案!

　　GMAT逻辑真题训练 3

　　25 Minutes 16 Questions

　　1. Cable-television spokesperson: Subscriptions to cable television are a bargain in comparison to “free” television. Remember that “free” television is not really free. It is consumers, in the end, who pay for the costly advertising that supports “free” television.

　　Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the position of the cable-television spokesperson?

　　(A) Consumers who do not own television sets are less likely to be influenced in their purchasing decisions by television advertising than are consumers who own television sets.

　　(B) Subscriptions to cable television include access to some public-television channels, which do not accept advertising.

　　(C) For locations with poor television reception, cable television provides picture quality superior to that provided by free television.

　　(D) There is as much advertising on many cable-television channels as there is on “free” television channels.(D)

　　(E) Cable-television subscribers can choose which channels they wish to receive, and the fees vary accordingly.

　　2. Woodsmoke contains dangerous toxins that cause changes in human cells. Because woodsmoke presents such a high health risk, legislation is needed to regulate the use of open-air fires and wood-burning stoves.

　　Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument above?

　　(A) The amount of dangerous toxins contained in woodsmoke is much less than the amount contained in an equal volume of automobile exhaust.

　　(B) Within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation, most heating and cooking is done with oil or natural gas.

　　(D) No significant beneficial effect on air quality would result if open-air fires were banned within the jurisdiction covered by the proposed legislation.(E)

　　(E) In valleys where wood is used as the primary heating fuel, the concentration of smoke results in poor air quality.

　　3. Within 20 years it will probably be possible to identify the genetic susceptibility an individual may have toward any particular disease. Eventually, effective strategies will be discovered to counteract each such susceptibility. Once these effective strategies are found, therefore, the people who follow them will never get sick.

　　The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?

　　(A) For every disease there is only one strategy that can prevent its occurrence.

　　(B) In the future, genetics will be the only medical specialty of any importance.

　　(D) All humans are genetically susceptible to some diseases.(C)

　　(E) People will follow medical advice when they are convinced that it is effective.

　　4. Most employees in the computer industry move from company to company, changing jobs several times in their careers. However, Summit Computers is known throughout the industry for retaining its employees. Summit credits its success in retaining employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work environment.

　　Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Summit’s explanation of its success in retaining employees?

　　(A) Some people employed in the computer industry change jobs if they become bored with their current projects.

　　(B) A hierarchical work environment hinders the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their work.

　　(D) In a nonhierarchical work environment, people avoid behavior that might threaten group harmony and thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobs.(B)

　　(E) The cost of living near Summit is relatively low compared to areas in which some other computer companies are located.

　　5. Financing for a large construction project was provided by a group of banks. When the money was gone before the project was completed, the banks approved additional loans. Now, with funds used up again and completion still not at hand, the banks refuse to extend further loans, although without those loans, the project is doomed.

　　Which of the following, if true, best explains why the bank’s current reaction is different from their reaction in the previous instance of depletion of funds?

　　(A) The banks have reassessed the income potential of the completed project and have concluded that total income generable would be less than total interest due on the old plus the needed new loans.

　　(B) The banks have identified several other projects that offer faster repayment of the principal if loans are approved now to get those projects started.

　　(D) The cost overruns were largely due to unforeseeable problems that arose in the most difficult phase of the construction work.(A)

　　(E) The project stimulated the development and refinement of several new construction techniques, which will make it easier and cheaper to carry out similar projects in the future.

　　6. Low-income families are often unable to afford as much child care as they need. One government program would award low-income families a refund on the income taxes they pay of as much as $1,000 for each child under age four. This program would make it possible for all low-income families with children under age four to obtain more child care than they otherwise would have been able to afford.

　　Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the claim that the program would make it possible for all low-income families to obtain more child care?

　　(A) The average family with children under age four spends more than $1,000 a year on child care.

　　(B) Some low-income families in which one of the parents is usually available to care for children under age four may not want to spend their income tax refund on child care.

　　(C) The reduction in government revenues stemming from the income tax refund will necessitate cuts in other government programs, such as grants for higher education.

　　(D) Many low-income families with children under age four do not pay any income taxes because their total income is too low to be subject to such taxes.(D)

　　(E) Income taxes have increased substantially over the past twenty years, reducing the money that low-income families have available to spend on child care.

　　7. Not scored

　　8. Although parapsychology is often considered a pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, for it uses scientific methods such as controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises.

　　The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?

　　(A) If a field of study can conclusively answer the questions it raises, then it is a genuine science.

　　(B) Since parapsychology uses scientific methods, it will produce credible results.

　　(D) Any field of study that employs scientific methods is a genuine scientific enterprise.(D)

　　(E) Since parapsychology raises clearly statable questions, they can be tested in controlled experiments.

　　9. Hotco oil burners, designed to be used in asphalt plants, are so efficient that Hotco will sell one to the Clifton Asphalt plant for no payment other than the cost savings between the total amount the asphalt plant actually paid for oil using its former burner during the last two years and the total amount it will pay for oil using the Hotco burner during the next two years. On installation, the plant will make an estimated payment, which will be adjusted after two years to equal the actual cost savings.

　　Which of the following, if it occurred, would constitute a disadvantage for Hotco of the plan described above?

　　(A) Another manufacturer’s introduction to the market of a similarly efficient burner

　　(B) The Clifton Asphalt plant’s need for more than one new burner

　　(D) A decrease in the demand for asphalt(E)

　　(E) A steady increase in the price of oil beginning soon after the new burner is installed

　　10. Today’s low gasoline prices make consumers willing to indulge their preference for larger cars, which consume greater amounts of gasoline as fuel. So United States automakers are unwilling to pursue the development of new fuel-efficient technologies aggressively. The particular reluctance of the United States automobile industry to do so, however, could threaten the industry’s future.

　　Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the claim above about the future of the United States automobile industry?

　　(A) A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materials are relatively costly.

　　(B) Small cars sold by manufacturers in the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973.

　　(C) Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil prices.

　　(D) There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking friction.(C)

　　(E) The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as an alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is due in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips.

　　11. An experiment was done in which human subjects recognize a pattern within a matrix of abstract designs and then select another design that completes that pattern. The results of the experiment were surprising. The lowest expenditure of energy in neurons in the brain was found in those subjects who performed most successfully in the experiments.

　　Which of the following hypotheses best accounts for the findings of the experiment?

　　(A) The neurons of the brain react less when a subject is trying to recognize patterns than when the subject is doing other kinds of reasoning.

　　(B) Those who performed best in the experiment experienced more satisfaction when working with abstract patterns than did those who performed less well.

　　(D) The energy expenditure of the subjects brains increases when a design that completes the initially recognized pattern is determined.(C)

　　(E) The task of completing a given design is more capably performed by athletes, whose energy expenditure is lower when they are at rest than is that of the general population.

　　12. A researcher studying drug addicts found that, on average, they tend to manipulate other people a great deal more than nonaddicts do. The researcher concluded that people who frequently manipulate other people are likely to become addicts.

　　Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researcher’s conclusion?

　　(A) After becoming addicted to drugs, drug addicts learn to manipulate other people as a way of obtaining drugs.

　　(B) When they are imprisoned, drug addicts often use their ability to manipulate other people to obtain better living conditions.

　　(D) People who are likely to become addicts exhibit unusual behavior patterns other than frequent manipulation of other people.(A)

　　(E) The addicts that the researcher studied were often unsuccessful in obtaining what they wanted when they manipulated other people.

　　13. One way to judge the performance of a company is to compare it with other companies. This technique, commonly called “benchmarking,” permits the manager of a company to discover better industrial practices and can provide a justification for the adoption of good practices.

　　Any of the following, if true, is a valid reason for benchmarking the performance of a company against companies with which it is not in competition rather than against competitors EXCEPT:

　　(A) Comparisons with competitors are most likely to focus on practices that the manager making the comparisons already employs.

　　(B) Getting “inside” information about the unique practices of competitors is particularly difficult.

　　(C) Since companies that compete with each other are likely to have comparable levels of efficiency, only benchmarking against noncompetitors is likely to reveal practices that would aid in beating competitors.

　　(D) Managers are generally more receptive to new ideas that they find outside their own industry.(E)

　　(E) Much of the success of good companies is due to their adoption of practices that take advantage of the special circumstances of their products of markets.

　　14. Among the more effective kinds of publicity that publishers can get for a new book is to have excerpts of it published in a high-circulation magazine soon before the book is published. The benefits of such excerption include not only a sure increase in sales but also a fee paid by the magazine to the book’s publisher.

　　Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?

　　(A) The number of people for whom seeing an excerpt of a book in a magazine provides an adequate substitute for reading the whole book is smaller than the number for whom the excerpt stimulates a desire to read the book.

　　(B) Because the financial advantage of excerpting a new book in a magazine usually accrues to the book’s publisher, magazine editors are unwilling to publish excerpts from new books.

　　(C) In calculating the total number of copies that a book has sold, publishers include sales of copies of magazines that featured an excerpt of the book.

　　(D) The effectiveness of having excerpts of a book published in a magazine, measured in terms of increased sales of a book, is proportional to the circulation of the magazine in which the excerpts are published.(A)

　　(E) Books that are suitable for excerpting in high-circulation magazines sell more copies than books that are not suitable for excerpting.

　　15. In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back 1 million years. Analysis of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.

　　Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids?

　　(A) The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans.

　　(B) Forest fires can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfires.

　　(D) Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500 thousand years ago.(E)

　　(E) The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools known to have been used by early hominids.

　　16. For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high degree of both international accord and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving that country must be sustained. A total blockade of Patria’s ports is necessary to an embargo, but such an action would be likely to cause international discord over the embargo.

　　The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?

　　(A) The balance of opinion is likely to favor Patria in the event of a blockade.

　　(B) As long as international opinion is unanimously against Patria, a trade embargo is likely to succeed.

　　(D) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.(D)

　　(E) For a blockade of Patria’s ports to be successful, international opinion must be unanimous.

　　GMAT逻辑真题训练 4

　　25 Minutes 16 Questions

　　1. The local board of education found that, because the current physics curriculum has little direct relevance to today’s world, physics classes attracted few high school students. So to attract students to physics classes, the board proposed a curriculum that emphasizes principles of physics involved in producing and analyzing visual images.

　　Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest reason to expect that the proposed curriculum will be successful in attracting students?

　　(A) Several of the fundamental principles of physics are involved in producing and analyzing visual images.

　　(B) Knowledge of physics is becoming increasingly important in understanding the technology used in today’s world.

　　(C) Equipment that a large producer of photographic equipment has donated to the high school could be used in the proposed curriculum.

　　(D) The number of students interested in physics today is much lower than the number of students interested in physics 50 years ago.(E)

　　(E) In today’s world the production and analysis of visual images is of major importance in communications, business, and recreation.

　　2. Many companies now have employee assistance programs that enable employees, free of charge, to improve their physical fitness, reduce stress, and learn ways to stop smoking. These programs increase worker productivity, reduce absenteeism, and lessen insurance costs for employee health care. Therefore, these programs benefit the company as well as the employee.

　　Which of the following, if true, most significantly strengthens the conclusion above?

　　(A) Physical fitness programs are often the most popular services offered to employees.

　　(B) Studies have shown that training in stress management is not effective for many people.

　　(D) Physical injuries sometimes result from entering a strenuous physical fitness program too quickly.(C)

　　(E) Employee assistance programs require companies to hire people to supervise the various programs offered.

　　3. Unlike the wholesale price of raw wool, the wholesale price of raw cotton has fallen considerably in the last year. Thus, although the retail price of cotton clothing at retail clothing stores has not yet fallen, it will inevitably fall.

　　Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

　　(A) The cost of processing raw cotton for cloth has increased during the last year.

　　(B) The wholesale price of raw wool is typically higher than that of the same volume of raw cotton.

　　(D) Changes in retail prices always lag behind changes in wholesale prices.(A)

　　(E) The cost of harvesting raw cotton has increased in the last year.

　　4. Small-business groups are lobbying to defeat proposed federal legislation that would substantially raise the federal minimum wage. This opposition is surprising since the legislation they oppose would, for the first time, exempt all small businesses from paying any minimum wage.

　　Which of the following, if true, would best explain the opposition of small-business groups to the proposed legislation?

　　(A) Under the current federal minimum-wage law, most small businesses are required to pay no less than the minimum wage to their employees.

　　(B) In order to attract workers, small companies must match the wages offered by their larger competitors, and these competitors would not be exempt under the proposed laws.

　　(C) The exact number of companies that are currently required to pay no less than the minimum wage but that would be exempt under the proposed laws is unknown.

　　(D) Some states have set their own minimum wages—in some cases, quite a bit above the level of the minimum wage mandated by current federal law—for certain key industries.(B)

　　(E) Service companies make up the majority of small businesses and they generally employ more employees per dollar of revenues than do retail or manufacturing businesses.

　　5. Reviewer: The book Art’s Decline argues that European painters today lack skills that were common among European painters of preceding centuries. In this the book must be right, since its analysis of 100 paintings, 50 old and 50 contemporary, demonstrates convincingly that none of the contemporary paintings are executed as skillfully as the older paintings.

　　Which of the following points to the most serious logical flaw in the reviewer’s argument?

　　(A) The paintings chosen by the book’s author for analysis could be those that most support the book’s thesis.

　　(B) There could be criteria other than the technical skill of the artist by which to evaluate a painting.

　　(C) The title of the book could cause readers to accept the book’s thesis even before they read the analysis of the paintings that supports it.

　　(D) The particular methods currently used by European painters could require less artistic skill than do methods used by painters in other parts of the world.(A)

　　(E) A reader who was not familiar with the language of art criticism might not be convinced by the book’s analysis of the 100 paintings.

　　6. The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless heavy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary.

　　Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry’s argument against the challenge made above?

　　(A) No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.

　　(B) Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.

　　(C) There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.

　　(D) An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.(B)

　　(E) Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—for example, in the computer and electronics industries—for which patent protection is often very ineffective.

　　Questions 7-8 are based on the following.

　　Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals’ bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors’ money.

　　7. The economist’s argument makes which of the following assumptions?

　　(A) Bank failures are caused when big borrowers default on loan repayments.

　　(B) A significant proportion of depositors maintain accounts at several different banks.

　　(D) The difference in the interest rates paid to depositors by different banks is not a significant factor in bank failures.(E)

　　(E) Potential depositors are able to determine which banks are secure against failure.

　　8. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the economist’s argument?

　　(A) Before the government started to insure depositors against bank failure, there was a lower rate of bank failure than there is now.

　　(B) When the government did not insure deposits, frequent bank failures occurred as a result of depositors’ fears of losing money in bank failures.

　　(C) Surveys show that a significant proportion of depositors are aware that their deposits are insured by the government.

　　(D) There is an upper limit on the amount of an individual’s deposit that the government will insure, but very few individuals’ deposits exceed this limit.(B)

　　(E) The security of a bank against failure depends on the percentage of its assets that are loaned out and also on how much risk its loans involve.

　　9. Passengers must exit airplanes swiftly after accidents, since gases released following accidents are toxic to humans and often explode soon after being released. In order to prevent passenger deaths from gas inhalation, safety officials recommend that passengers be provided with smoke hoods that prevent inhalation of the gases.

　　Which of the following, if true, constitutes the strongest reason not to require implementation of the safety officials’ recommendation?

　　(A) Test evacuations showed that putting on the smoke hoods added considerably to the overall time it took passengers to leave the cabin.

　　(B) Some airlines are unwilling to buy the smoke hoods because they consider them to be prohibitively expensive.

　　(C) Although the smoke hoods protect passengers from the toxic gases, they can do nothing to prevent the gases from igniting.

　　(D) Some experienced flyers fail to pay attention to the safety instructions given on every commercial flight before takeoff.(A)

　　(E) In many airplane accidents, passengers who were able to reach emergency exits were overcome by toxic gases before they could exit the airplane.

　　10. In 1960, 10 percent of every dollar paid in automobile insurance premiums went to pay costs arising from injuries incurred in car accidents. In 1990, 50 percent of every dollar paid in automobile insurance premiums went toward such costs, despite the fact that cars were much safer in 1990 than in 1960.

　　Which of the following, if true, best explains the discrepancy outlined above?

　　(A) There were fewer accidents in 1990 than in 1960.

　　(B) On average, people drove more slowly in 1990 than in 1960.

　　(D) The price of insurance increased more rapidly than the rate of inflation between 1960 and 1990.(E)

　　(E) Health-care costs rose sharply between 1960 and 1990.

　　11. Caterpillars of all species produce an identical hormone called “juvenile hormone” that maintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding.

　　Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the view that it would not be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above?

　　(A) Most species of caterpillar are subject to some natural predation.

　　(B) Many agricultural pests do not go through a caterpillar stage.

　　(D) Since caterpillars of different species emerge at different times, several sprayings would be necessary.(C)

　　(E) Although the enzyme has been synthesized in the laboratory, no large-scale production facilities exist as yet.

　　12. Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body’s disease-fighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria.

　　If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?

　　(A) Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.

　　(B) Aspirin can prolong a patient’s illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases.

　　(D) The more white blood cells a patient’s body produces, the less severe the patient’s illness will be.(B)

　　(E) The focus of modern medicine is on inhibiting the growth of disease-causing bacteria within the body.

　　13. Because postage rates are rising, Home Decorator magazine plans to maximize its profits by reducing by one half the number of issues it publishes each year. The quality of articles, the number of articles published per year, and the subscription price will not change. Market research shows that neither subscribers nor advertisers will be lost if the magazine’s plan is instituted.

　　Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the magazine’s profits are likely to decline if the plan is instituted?

　　(A) With the new postage rates, a typical issue under the proposed plan would cost about one-third more to mail than a typical current issue would.

　　(B) The majority of the magazine’s subscribers are less concerned about a possible reduction in the quantity of the magazine’s articles than about a possible loss of the current high quality of its articles.

　　(C) Many of the magazine’s long-time subscribers would continue their subscriptions even if the subscription price were increased.

　　(D) Most of the advertisers that purchase advertising space in the magazine will continue to spend the same amount on advertising per issue as they have in the past.(D)

　　(E) Production costs for the magazine are expected to remain stable.

　　14. A study of marital relationships in which one partner’s sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.

　　Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

　　(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couple’s marriage.

　　(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.

　　(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.

　　(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.(D)

　　(E) According to a recent study, most people’s sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.

　　Questions 15-16 are based on the following.

　　Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

　　Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

　　15. Sharon’s argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?

　　(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.

　　(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.

　　(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.

　　(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.(A)

　　(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.

　　16. Sharon’s argument relies on the assumption that

　　(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded

　　(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population

　　(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents(B)

　　(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one’s job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

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