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GMAT句子改错练习题及分析
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1. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.
(A) It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
(B) Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers
(C) Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering
(D) Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers
(E) Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering
答案解析如下：
(A)It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers
【错误】 修饰成分：定语从句“which covers……”本意上修饰“the largest lake”或“Caspian”，因此构成了跳跃修饰(与“which”就近的是“Earth”)，正确选项应尽量避免跳跃修饰，因此本选项逊于(C)——“，covering”是“is actually the largest lake”
的伴随状语(只有针对定语才讨论是否存在跳跃修饰的问题)，与其同(逻辑)主语“Caspian”。
(B)Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers
【错误】 修饰成分：类似地，见(A)。
(C)Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering
【正确】 “Though called a sea” 属于从句省略，根据从句省略的语法要求，被“called a sea”的是主句的主语“landlocked Caspian”，表意合理。“covering……”是“is actually the largest lake on Earth”的伴随状语，两者(逻辑)主语同为“landlocked Caspian”，表意合理。
【大意】 尽管被称作海，内陆湖里海实际上是地球上最大的湖，覆盖面积是仅次之的北美五大湖之Superior湖的四倍。
(D)Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers
【错误】 句子结构：“though”和“but”，在一对转折关系中只用其一，不得同时使用。
(E)Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering
【错误1】 句子意思：“Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian”中“被称作海”与“地球上最大的内陆湖是里海”是一对转折关系，但这种转折关系并不合理。
【错误2】 简洁明了：动名词“being”在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中不具有简洁性。
【最优解题思路推荐】
“though”和“but”不应放在同一个转折关系里，立即排除(D)。
(A)、(B)存在正确选项应尽量避免的结构——跳跃修饰，(E)中“being”不具有简洁性，因此选择(C)。
2. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.
(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as
(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as
(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it
答案解析如下：
(A)his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced
【错误】 平行结构：“and”后方连接的是“that”引导的从句，“and”前方也应有如此的结构，但“and”前方的“that”引导的是“, taking him seven years until completion”，并非从句，“and”前后不平行。
(B)his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced
【正确】 “that took him seven years to complete”和“that literary critic Samuel Johnson pronounced the greatest translation in any language”正确地用“and”平行在一起，共同作为定语从句修饰“a work”，“a work”作为同位语修饰“Iliad”，修饰关系准确合理。
【大意】 1713年，Alexander Pope开始翻译“Iliad”，这项(翻译)工作花了他七年完成，并且被Pope同代人文学评论家Samuel Johnson成为任何语言中最伟大的翻译。
(C)his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as
【错误1】 动词时态：“had”引导的过去完成时表示“过去的过去”发生的事，然而“had taken seven years”并不应该是“began his translation”之前发生的，因此本选项误用过去完成时。
【错误2】 修饰成分：“and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it the greatest translation in any language”(“pronounce X Y”意思是把“把X宣称为Y”)是修饰之前“a work”的定语从句，其中的“it”即为“a work”，这违反了定语从句的使用规则，因为“a work”已经被关系代词“that”指代，无需再使用“it”重复指代，比方说“《哈利波特》是李喜欢的一本书”应写成“Harry Potter is a book that Li likes very much”，而不应写成“Harry Potter is a book that Li likes it very much”。
(D)translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as
【错误】 修饰成分：见(C)中【错误2】。
(E)translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it
【错误1】 平行结构：由日常逻辑，“and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it……”和之前“that”引导的定语从句共同修饰“a work”语义更佳，而优于“and”后没有“that”且“pronounced”后方出现“it”，导致“literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it……”成为了一个与主句“Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad”平行的结构，表意逊于(B)。
【错误1】 动词时态：见(C)中【错误1】。
【最优解题思路推荐】
只有(B)正确使用了“that……and that……”定语从句平行且修饰“a work”的结构，其他选项要么定语从句出错，要么破坏了这种平行结构，因此选择(B)。
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