2024年GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题

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2024年GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题

　　在学习、工作中，我们或多或少都会接触到练习题，学习需要做题，是因为这样一方面可以了解你对知识点的掌握，熟练掌握知识点！同时做题还可以巩固你对知识点的运用！什么样的习题才能有效帮助到我们呢？以下是小编整理的2024年GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

2024年GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题

　　GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题 1

　　Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.

　　Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

　　A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)结成一队, 合作, 协作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.

　　Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies

　　(B) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks

　　(D) analyze a frequent source of disagreement

　　(E) explore the implications of a finding

　　2. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?

　　(A) What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?

　　(B) To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?

　　(D) How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?

　　(E) What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?

　　3. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “labor under a delusion”) is that they have

　　(A) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy

　　(B) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors

　　(D) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers

　　(E) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power

　　4. The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

　　(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

　　(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses

　　(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

　　(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

　　5. The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should

　　(A) avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding

　　(B) concentrate on securing even more business from that corporation

　　(D) pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns

　　(E) use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns

　　6. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are

　　(A) more popular with large corporations

　　(B) more specific

　　(D) less expensive to enforce

　　(E) easier to comply with

　　7. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (lines 18-19) was substantial

　　(A) Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.

　　(B) Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.

　　(D) The estimate of corporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10 million too high.

　　(E) The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.

　　8. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?

　　(A) Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.

　　(B) Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.

　　(C) The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.

　　(D) Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.

　　(E) The enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion that used to plague small minority-owned businesses.

　　参考答案：BECA CBEC

　　GMAT考试长阅读理解练习题 2

　　Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly wide spread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.

　　Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the sphere of visibility overlap. Thus, the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator’s chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an area.

　　However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility fo excaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the “confusion effect,” which can be explained in two different ways.

　　Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator’s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost indentical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator’s difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.

　　1. According to the passage, theory B states that which of the following is a factor that enables a schooling fish to escape predators?

　　(A) The tendency of fish to form compact groups

　　(B) The movement of other fish within the school

　　(D) The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school

　　(E) The great speed with which a school can disperse

　　2. According to the passage, both theory A and theory B have been developed to explain how

　　(A) fish hide from predators by forming schools

　　(B) forming schools functions to protect fish from predators

　　(D) small fish are able to make rapid decisions

　　(E) small fish are able to survive in an environment densely populated by large predators

　　3. According to one explanation of the “confusion effect”, a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

　　(A) A tends to be visible for no more than 200 meters

　　(B) B stays near either the front or the rear of a school

　　(D) D is very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school

　　(E) E is medium-sized

　　4. The author is primarily concerned with

　　(A) discussing different theories

　　(B) analyzing different techniques

　　(D) defending two hypotheses

　　(E) revealing new evidence

　　这是一篇典型的GMAT阅读多重解释型的文章。

　　l 第一段清楚地告诉读者文章接下来会对一些鱼群居地现象给出两种解释。

　　l 第二段中，解释A的支持者表达了他们的观点，提出鱼群居是为了减少个体被捕食者发现的机会。

　　l 第三段开头转折(However)之后，解释A被反驳，进而提出解释B，说群居的鱼被捕食者发现之后依然能提高他们的存活率。

　　l 最后一段具体说了对解释B的两方面的具体解读。

　　从整体框架上看，新文章和之前的解释型文章相比变化不大，而在具体内容上观点与论证之间的结合更加紧密，文章的血肉更加充实，细节的出题点更多。

　　本文延续GMAT阅读文章的一贯特点，在逻辑严密性上也有所提高。

　　本文后面一共跟4道题，前3道均为直接细节题，最后1道为主旨题。

　　第一题，问解释B说哪个因素会帮助鱼群摆脱捕食者，定位点很明确，是“解释B”底下的细节，定位到最后一段。能回答问题的一共有两点，第一点在“Sometimes”到34行“to select one”之间，说鱼数量多导致捕食者难以决定究竟吃谁;第二点在“The second explanation”到文章结尾，说鱼群中大量鱼的运动会使捕食者分心而难以捕食成功。所以这两点因素(数量多和鱼群运动)都能够正确回答这个问题。

　　A选项鱼群形成牢固的'整体，文章中从未提及，属于无中生有的内容;

　　B选项说鱼群中鱼的运动，与原文中第二点相符;

　　C选项说捕食者侦测不到鱼群，是文章中解释A里面的内容，张冠李戴;

　　D选项说鱼躲在其他鱼的身后，又是文中没有提到的内容;

　　E选项说鱼群能高速分散，既是解释A里的关键词，由于A中原文事实相反，因此也不是正确选项

　　因此，正确答案为B

　　第二题，问解释A和B的共同目的。第二段是解释A，第四段是解释B，第三段是两者的区别，都不是定位点。只有第一段里有相关信息。第一段最后一句话说两者都认为鱼群对鱼的个体提供保护，躲避捕食。5个选项中只有B选项符合要求。

　　A选项说藏起来不让捕食者看见，只有解释A有相关内容，解释B没有;

　　B选项与原文之间就是原意改写的关系;

　　C选项说鱼的群居与其他保护措施不一样，文中未提及;

　　D选项说小鱼做决定快，亦属于无中生有的内容;

　　E选项小鱼容易在捕食者密集的地方存活，文章依然没有提到