GMAT语法知识点：Modifiers和Pronouns的故事

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　　一、Position of Noun Modifiers 名词修饰语的位置

GMAT语法知识点：Modifiers和Pronouns的故事

　　要把nounmodifiers放到正确的位置，否则thesentence may have an illogical or ambiguous meaning,即句子会出现语意问题

　　Remember this rule: Place a NOUN and its MODIFIER as closetogether as possible—the closer, the better!

　　WRONG: A hard worker and loyal teamplayer, the new project was managed by Sue.

　　然而，Who is a hard worker and loyal team player? 不是the project! 所以这个句子illogical.

　　应该改为：A hard worker and loyal team player, Sue managed the new project.

　　在大多数情况下，名词和它的修饰语应该紧挨着，然而有些情况，名词和它的修饰语之间会有一些其他的修饰语，如The box of nails, which is nearly full, belongs to Jean.

　　名词box有两个修饰语：of nails和which isnearly full，因为有两个修饰语，必定有一个会不挨着名词。然而要哪个修饰语紧挨着名词呢?答案是，必要性修饰词(essential adjectives)。

　　看下面两个句子，哪个更好些?

　　Jim biked along an old dirt road toget to his house, which cut through the woods.

　　To get to his house, Jim biked alongan old dirt road, which cut through the woods.

　　什么cut through the woods? The road. Modifiers should be as close as possibleto the nouns they modify.所以第二句更好，which紧挨着要修饰的名词road。

　　二、Possessive Nouns Are Not Nouns! 所有格名词不是名词

　　如Happy about his raise, Bill's celebration included taking his friendsout to dinner. Happy修饰的是Bill而不是Bill'scelebration。从句子结构上看，句子想表达的意思是“Bill's celebration is happy about his raise.”语意illogically。

　　改为：Happy about his raise, Bill celebrated by taking his friends to dinner.

　　三、Noun Modifier Markers: Relative Pronouns名词修饰语的标记：关系代词

　　Noun modifiers (关系代词) are often introduced byrelative pronouns such as the following: Which That Who Whose Whom Where When.

　　第一，上面的修饰词，除了that以外经常是 nounmodifiers的marker. 如果that前面是名词，that就是名词的nounmodifier，如果that前面是动词，that就引导了一个更加复杂的句型：subject–verb–THAT–subject–verb–object.

　　第二，who和whom必须修饰人，而其他的代词不能修饰人，而whose可以除人以外的物，如The town whose watersupply was contaminated is near the steel factory.

　　第三，Which 或 whom 有时在介词的后面，如： the canal throughwhich water flows; the senator(参议员)for whom we worked.

　　第四，where修饰名词性的地方，如area,site, country, or city;然而where不能修饰“不明确的、隐喻的”地方，如condition, situation, case, circumstances, or arrangement.

　　Wrong: We had an arrangementWHERE he cooked and I cleaned.

　　Right: We had an arrangement INWHICH he cooked and I cleaned.

　　第五，when 能够修饰 a nounevent or time, such as period, age, 1987, or decade.在这种情况下，when = in which.

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