2023年全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练

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　　现如今，我们经常接触到试题，试题是命题者根据一定的考核需要编写出来的。大家知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？以下是小编为大家整理的2023年全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

2023年全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练

　　全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练1

　　The World.s Longest Bridge

　　Rumor has it that a legendary(传说的)six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily._________(46)When completed in 2010,the worlds longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons--equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic-- and stretch 5 kilometers long."Thats nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built," says structural engineer Shane Rixon.

　　_________(47)Theyre suspension bridges,massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges(峡谷).A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structures mammoth(巨大的)weight,thanks to hefty(高强度的)supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge.The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers,which will support most of the bridge s load.The beefy(结实的)cables of the bridge,each 1.2 meter in diameter,will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.

　　When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005,the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers._________(48)Getting these cables up will be something.Its not just their length--totally 5.3 kilometers--but their weight._________(49)

　　After lowering vertical "suspender" cables from the main cables,builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway,or deck--wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic.

　　The decks weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons.In return,the cables yank(拽)up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons--equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars.Those anchors are essential._________(50)

　　A.Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.

　　B.What do the worlds longest bridges have in common?

　　C.If true,one day you might spy the beast while zipping(呼啸而过)across the Messina Strait Bridge.

　　D.Theyre what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.

　　E.The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait,each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.

　　F.They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons--more than half the bridges total mass.

　　试题答案及解析

　　46.C。选项C中有一个关键词beast，与第一句中的monster相呼应。所以C是答案。

　　47.B。第二段第二句的主语是they。由于表语是suspension bridges，they替代的一定是前面句子出现过的bridges。六个选项中，只有B含有bridges。填在第二段段首，意思连贯。

　　48.E。空白处前面的句子中有the first job这几个词。有first，必有second/then。六个选项中，只有E含有the second job，所以E是答案。

　　49.F。空白处前面的句子说的是，把这些吊索吊高定位是有难度的，不仅仅由于它们很长，还由于它们很重。后面应该接着说吊索的情况，选项F具体地介绍了它们的重量。

　　50.D。空白处前面的句子说的是，桥桩很重要。后面接着还应该说桥桩的事情，选项D解释了桥桩的作用，故选D。

　　全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练2

　　Einstein Named "Person of the Century"

　　Albert Einstein,whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel(解决)the secrets of the atom and of the universe,was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.

　　A man whose very name is synonymous(同义的)with scientific genius,Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology."The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history.The reason is not political or economic,but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science," wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einsteins significance._________(46)

　　Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism,and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon(象征)for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.

　　"What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism,Gandhi personifying(象征，体现)the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights,and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom,"said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.

　　Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany in 1879_________(47)He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams ,In 1905,however,he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history._________(48)Everything else- mass,weight,space,even time itself--is a variable(变量).And he offered the world his now-famous equation(方程式): energy equals mass times the speed of light squared--E=mc2.

　　_________(49)"There was less faith in absolutes,not only of time and space but also of truth and morality " Einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons.In 1939,six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University,Einstein,an avowed pacifist,signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did._________(50)Einstein did not work on the project.Einstein died in Princeton,New Jersey in 1955.

　　A."Indirectly,relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics,"Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Times choices.

　　B.How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general publics view about Albert Einstein

　　C."Clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Elnstel .

　　D.Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project" that secretly developed the first atomic weapon

　　E.In his early years,Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become——

　　F.In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

　　答案解析

　　46.C。本文主要讲爱因斯坦为20世纪人类科学做出的重大贡献。本段是理论物理学家史蒂芬霍金在《时代》杂志上发表的一篇评价爱因斯坦所做贡献的文章中的几句话。

　　他说世界在过去的100年发生的变化比以往任何一个世纪都大得多，其原因不在于政治或经济，而在于技术——由于基础科学的进步而直接造就的新技术。两句话并未提及爱因斯坦，因此此处选C最合适：“显然，没有一位科学家能比爱因斯坦更好地代表这些科学进步。”those在此发挥了衔接作用。

　　47.E。本段简要介绍了爱因斯坦的早年生平。E说：“爱因斯坦在小时候并未显示日后会成为大科学家的任何天赋。”后一句话实际上是对E的详细解释。

　　48.F。本段主要介绍爱因斯坦提出的相对论。第一句话告诉我们l905年的时候爱因斯坦发表了人类历史上最具奇巧想象力的理论。第三、四句话是具体解释相对论，F说：“在‘特殊相对论’中，爱因斯坦描述了宇宙中为什么唯一恒定的是光速。”由此看来F放在此处最合适，其中constant和variable意思相反，构成词汇衔接。

　　49.A。本段是伊萨克森在《时代》杂志上的一篇文章中对相对论的深远意义所做的评述。他说：“相对论间接地为道德、艺术和政治领域中新相对主义的出现铺平了道路。”后一句是对此的进一步解释。

　　50.D。本段主要讲爱因斯坦与原子能和原子武器发展的关系。前一句告诉我们爱因斯坦于1939年在给罗斯福总统的一封信中敦促美国抢在纳粹德国之前研制原子弹，并签了名。D说：“罗斯福对这项建议十分关注，遂制定了秘密制造第一颗原子弹的‘曼哈顿计划’。”后一句说爱因斯坦未参与这项计划，其中the project指的就是the Manhattan Project。

　　全国英语等级考试一级短文理解训练3

　　"Were going to move," Jimmy said to Mr.James her teacher, with tears(眼泪) in her eyes."Dad lost his job and now we dont have enough money to live in our house." Pam was walking by and just heard Jimmys talk with Mr.James.

　　In the lunchroom Pam met Carol and said, "Ive got something to tell you about Jimmy." As she started to tell Carol about Jimmys dad, several other classmates stopped to listen Pam felt bad telling what she had heard but she went on anyway.

　　After school, Pam saw some of her classmates talking to Jimmy."Where does your dad work?" one of the boys asked.Jimmys face turned red.She left without answering.Pam felt terrible, because she didnt mean to hurt Jimmy.And she hadnt thought that some of the classmates would make jokes and laugh at Jimmy about her fathers losing the job.Pom didnt know what she could do to help Jimmy.

　　36.The story wants to tell us ____.

　　(A)Its difficult to move away

　　(B)girls dont like to talk to boys

　　(C)students report to the teacher

　　(D)secrets are hard to keep

　　37.Jimmys family had to move because ____.

　　(A)her father lost his job

　　(B)they had a better place to live in

　　(C)her classmates were not kind enough

　　(D)her father changed his job

　　38.Jimmys face turning red show that she didnt ____.

　　(A)feel well enough