2017年公共英语pets五级名词性从句讲解
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概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that、whether、if不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what、whatever、who、whoever、whom、whose、which.
连接副词:when、where、how、why
不可省略的连词
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有“or not”
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的`主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:
I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that...
有必要……
It is important that...
重要的是……
It is obvious that...
很明显……
b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句
It is believed that...
人们相信……
It is known to all that...
从所周知……
It has been decided that...
已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that...
……是常识
It is a surprise that...
令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that...
事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that...
似乎……
It happens that...
碰巧……
It occurred to me that...
我突然想起……
名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who、whom、whose、whoever、what、whatever、which、whichever等连接代词和where、when、how、why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语:
How the book will sell depends on its author.
书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:
In one's own home one can do what one likes.
在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
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