2017年公共英语五级真题练习
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Part C
Answer Questions 71 to 80 by referring to the following four articles concerning mental illness.
Answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Note : When more than qne answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.
Remember:
A = Article AB = Article BC = Article CD = Article DWhich article ( s)...
reveals the gender difference in suicide rate? 71.______
point out that youths with mental illness have not received adequate
treatment? 72.____73.____
argues that how the public treat the people with mental illness has a di—
rect effect on their recovery? 74.
reports on the appalling percentage of the mentally ill in Canada’S pop—
ulation? 75.
says that there is a high correlation between suicide and mental illness? 76.
find that mental iUness has made Canada’S economy less productive?
77.78.
says that organizations aye recommended to practice stress manage-
ment? 79.
I calls public attention to the unfair treatment of the mentally ill? 80.
A
One of the biggest challenges facing the mental health care system is the gnawing chasm be- tween the ever-growing demand for services and the system's ability to respond. Many are suffer- ing. Far too few are being helped.
For decades, governments have treated mental illness like the orphan of the health care sys- tem, leaving the sector chronically under-funded and under-staffed. Such neglect would seem to suggest that mental illness afflicts only an unfortunate few. Nothing could be further from the truth. One in three individuals will experience mental health problems at some point in their lives. In Can- ada, that translates to more than 10 million people.
In Canada, mental illness is estimated to cost the economy $ 33 billion each year in disability and lost productivity. We currently spend another $ 6 billion to $ 8 billion annually to treat these conditions. More hospital stays are consumed by people with a mental illness than by cancer and heart disease patients combined.
Yet for all of that, mental health practitioners know they are only reaching a fraction of those in need. Research shows that two-thirds of adults who experience mental illness never seek help; for ad- olescents, the figure is 75 percent. Of those who do seek treatment, the majority will first report symptoms to family physicians who are often ill-equipped to recognize or deal with mental illness.B
Sadly, children and adolescents are even less likely than adults to seek or receive treatment for mental illness. And in far too many cases, young people pay the ultimate price for their conditions. In what was perhaps the most sobering statistic of all provided by some researchers, it was found that approximately one-in-ten Canadian adolescents attempt suicide each year. At the same time, 80 percent aqd 90 percent of the young people who kill themselves likely suffered from a mental disor- der at the time of their death.
Some young people are at greater risk than others. Aboriginal youths are five to six times more likely to die by suicide than non-Aboriginal youths. Adolescent males die by suicide three to four times more often than adolescent females.
The key to suicide prevention is to intervene on multiple fronts as early as possible, particular- ly with youth who exhibit risk factors such as depression and substance abuse. This means support- ing families with children at risk, promoting suicide awareness at the community level and, perhaps most importantly, taking prevention programs into the schools.
C
In a typical workplace, one in four employees struggles with mental health issues, most com- monly in the form of depression or anxiety. It is estimated that mental illness results in 35 million work days lost each year in Canada. Mental illness also accounts for up to per cent of short-term disability insurance claims and is a secondary diagnosis in more than 50 per cent of long-term claims.
The toll of mental illness--in terms of individual Suffering and the corporate bottom line--prompted CEOs from across Canada to support the Toronto-based Roundtable on Addiction and Mental Health. Founded 10 years ago, the Roundtable advises organizations on how to detect, treat and ultimately prevent mental illness.
Organizations are advised to'adopt a three-part strategy. First, focus on early detection and treatment opportunities ( depression and anxiety are effectively treated in 85 percent of cases where help is sought). Second, determine, at the organizational level, the root cause of the mental dis- tress (especially important if it is emanating from a single department or business unit). Third, make prevention and stress management a corporate-wide priority.
D
No research on mental health could fail to deal with the issue of stigma--the fact that negative attitudes and behavior toward people with mental illness adds immeasurably to their suffering and represents a serious barrier to reform. The sting of stigma provided much of the emotional wallop behind Starry, Starry Night, a theatrical production by the Calgary Chapter of the Schizophrenia So- ciety of Alberta. The play, performed entirely by actors with Schizophrenia, includes several wrenching scenes about the harsh way the mentally ill are sometimes treated by the very system that is intended to help them.
Dr. Thornicroft, a British psychiatrist, recalled how, after 20 years in practice, he felt disquie- ted by the fact that so few people with mental illness sought treatment--and, if they did, it was as a last resort. He concluded this was because of the shame and embarrassment so many experienced. Dr. Thornicroft decided to take a sabbatical and write a book about stigma.
As he delved into the subject, and looked at it from the patient's point of view, Dr. Thorni- croft was struck by the depth of prejudice directed at the mentally ill. He concluded that the most essential aspect of stigma is not so much people's attitudes, but how they act. In other words, the real issue was discrimination. And what is needed is a kind of civil rights campaign on behalf of the mentally ill.
DO THAT IS THE END OF SECTION THREE.!NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTION UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO.
PartC
参考译文
A
精神健康保健系统面临着许多挑战，其中最重要的就是人们不断增长的服务需求和系统本身反应能力之间存在巨大差异。很多人正在遭受痛苦，但只有少数人能够得到帮助。
几十年来，精神病就像各国医疗保健体系中的孤儿，长期受到资金不足和人手缺乏的困扰。这种漠视的态度似乎表明受精神病折磨的患者只是少数。但事实更有说服力。生活中，约三分之一的人会在生命的某个时期遭遇心理问题。在加拿大，这一群体有1000多万人。
据估计，精神病会导致残疾和生产力上的损失。每年，加拿大在这一方面的经济损失不下于330亿美元。目前，我们每年还额外花费60至80亿美元治疗这些疾病。入院治疗的精神病患者比癌症和心脏病患者的总和还要多。
然而，尽管这样，心理健康医师深知这只是涉及其中一小部分人群。研究表明，三分之二精神病成年患者从不寻求帮助;而在青少年中，这个数字是75%。在那些寻求治疗的患者中，大多数先会去看家庭医生，问题是家庭医生往往没有能力识别和处理精神病病患。
B
可悲的是，比起成年人，儿童和青少年更不太可能去寻求或接受精神病治疗。而在很多情况下，一旦病患发作，年轻人将不得不付出代价。在研究人员提供的一些最发人深省的'统计中，我们发现每年在加拿大约有十分之一的青少年企图自杀。同时，80%和90%的自杀年轻人在死亡时都有可能患有精神疾病。
有些年轻人比其他人的情况更糟。原住民青少年自杀死亡率是非土著青少年的五至六倍。青春期男性自杀死亡率是青春期女性的三到四倍。
预防自杀的关键是在于多方面的早期干预，特别对于有危险举动如抑郁症和滥用药物的青少年进行的干预。这就意味着为有孩子是患者的家庭提供帮助，提高社会对于自杀危害的意识，也许最重要的是学校要做出一定的预案。
C
在典型的职场中，约四分之一的员工有精神健康问题，最常见的是抑郁或焦虑。据估计，加拿大每年由于精神病而浪费3500万个工作日。心理疾病在短期伤残保险索赔中高述40%，在长期辅助诊断中的索赔率超过50%。
精神病患者的数量——无论是在个人伤痛或是公司底线方面——促使加拿大各地的CEO在多伦多形成对长期患病与心理健康的圆桌会议。成立l0年来，圆桌会议不断指导各个组织检测、治疗并最终防止心理疾病。
各个组织应采取三步战略。首先，关注早发现和早治疗的机会(85%的抑郁和焦虑患者可以通过救助有效治愈)。其次，在组织层面上探求心理困扰的根本原因(如果它出现在一个单一的部门或单位，情况就特别重要)。最后，是在企业范围内预防和加强管理。
D
对心理健康的任何研究都会遇到名誉问题——事实证明消极的态度和行为只会徒然增加精神病患者的痛苦，也会严重阻碍改革。对于这个敏感的问题，《繁星点点的夜晚》带来了许多感触。《繁星点点的夜晚》是由阿尔伯塔精神分裂症协会的卡尔加里·切普特所指导的一部舞台剧。剧中的角色完全由精神分裂症患者们饰演。剧中包括一些痛苦的场景，即有时精神病患者会受到所谓人道主义体制的不公正待遇。
经过20年实践之后，英国的精神病学家斯尼克劳福特博士回忆到，他发现很少有精神病患者寻求治疗，而且，即使他们接受治疗，也是作为最后的“救命稻草”。他总结说，这主要是因为这些人遭受了太多的羞辱和尴尬。斯尼克劳福特博士决定利用休假写一本关于耻辱的书。
在他深入研究并从病人的角度出发时，斯尼克劳福特博士被精神病患者遭受到的深度偏见所震撼。他总结说：关于耻辱，最重要的不是很多人的态度，而是深度的行为。换句话说，真正的问题是歧视。而我们所需要的就是一种能代表精神病患者的公民权利运动。
答案及精析
71.B【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章在自杀率上揭示了性别差异?”。根据问句中的关键词“9ender difference”可把答案定位在B篇第二段的最后一句“Adolescent males die by suicide three to fourtimes more often than adolescent females.”。故选B。
72.A
73.B
【精析】题目问的是“哪两篇文章指出患有精神病的青少年没有接受到足够的治疗?”。可把答案定位在A篇第四段的第二句“…tw0—thirds of adults who experience mental illness never seek help;foradolescents，the figure is 75 percent.”和B篇的第一段第一句的“...children and adolescents are even less likely than adults to seekor receive treatment for mental illness.”。故这题选A和B。
74.D【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章认为公众如何对待精神病人会直接影响他们的恢复治疗?”。可把答案定位在D篇第一句“No re—search oil,mental health could fail to deal with the issue of stigma—the fact that negative attitudes and behavior toward people with men--tal illness adds immeasurably to their suffering and represents a seri—OUS barrier to refoFin.”。故选D。
75.A【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章报道患有精神病的人群在加拿大人口中占有极大的比例?”。A、B和C中都有涉及到加拿大，但比较发现，A篇第二段的最后两句说明患有精神病的人群在加拿大人口中占有极大的比例。故选A。
76.B【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章谈到了自杀与精神疾病存在着很高的关联度?”。根据问句中的关键词“suicide”可把答案定位在B篇第一段的第三句“In what was perhaps the most sobering statisticof all provided by some researchers.it was found that approximatelyone—in.ten Canadian adolescents attempt suicide each year.”和第二段的第一句“some young people are at greater risk than others.Ab—original youths are five to six times more likely to die by suicide thannon—Aboriginal youths.”。故选B。
77.A
78.C
【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章发现精神疾病使加拿大的经济生产力不足?”。根据问句中的关键词“economy”和“less produc—rive”可把答案定位在A篇第三段时第一句“…menml illness isestimated to cost the economy$33 billion each year in disabilityand lost productivity”和C篇第二段的第二句“Founded lo yearsa90，the Roundtable advises organizations on how to detect，treatand ultimately prevent mental illness.”。故这题选A和C。
79.C【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章谈到了人们建议各个单位实行压力管理?”。根据问句中的关键词“management”可把答案定位在C篇的最后一句“…make prevention and stress management a corpo—rate—wide priority”。故选C。
80.D【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章呼吁公众对于精神病人的不公正对待给予关注?”。可把答案定位在D篇第三段的最后两句“…mereal issue was discrimination.And what is needed is a kind of civilrights campaign on behalf of the mentally ill”。故选D。
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