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11月公共英语五级考试阅读模拟练习题（精选2套）
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11月公共英语五级考试阅读模拟练习题 1
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one oof these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Philosophy of mathematics. [B]. The Recent Growth in Science.
[C]. The Verification of Facts. [C]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is[A]. the similarity between the two periods.
[B]. that it was an act of God.
[C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D]. due to the decline of the deductive method.
3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”
[A]. is that the latter needs confirmation.
[B]. rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D]. helps us to understand the deductive method.
4. According to the author, mathematics is
[A]. an inductive science. [B]. in need of simple verification.
[C]. a deductive science. [D]. based on fact and theory.
5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.
[A]. a metaphor. [B]. a paradox.
[C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D]. a pun.
Vocabulary
1. inductive 归纳法
induction n.归纳法
2. deductive 演绎法
deduction n.演绎法
3. culmination 到达顶/极点
4. conversant (with) 熟悉的，精通的
5. exercise 运用，实行，执行仪式
singular 卓越的，非凡的，独一无二的
6. conjunction 结合，同时发生
7. omnipotence 全能，无限权/威力
8. Providence (大写)指上帝，天道，天令
9. commonplace 平凡的，陈腐的
10. inquiry 调查，探究(真理，知识等)
11. doctrine 教义，学说，讲义
12. correlative 相互关联的.
13. antithesis 对立面，对偶(修辞学中)，对句
14. coordinate 同等的，并列的
15. subsist 生存，维持生活
16. attribute 特征，属性
17. connote 意味着，含蓄(指词内涵)
11月公共英语五级考试阅读模拟练习题 2
Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.
What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem.Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even ifyour application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his familylife or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions for-bidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.
Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must havepowers of concentration( since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding)and must have considerable cour-age. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-knowncase of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle.Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aero-nautical qualifications and experience.
A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Onlyone of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard,Americas first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age isthe late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Chal-lenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46.
In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts record in this respect hits you in theeye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hardto tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection processdemands that a candidate should be happily married.
The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas.You would expect them to fmd their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not the case. Rath-er, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fedup with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as nor-mal as possible, if only for the sake of their families.
As for the astronauts political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.
1. Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, Because they are __________
[A] his own business and privacy
[B] secrets as far as interviews are concerned
[C] the property of an American magazine
[D] the first-rate national confidential information
2. To audience, the typical American astronaut __________
[A] has a limited vocabulary
[B] is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guy
[C] cant understand a sophisticated joke
[D] is well-built but rather slow-witted
3. In politics, astronauts are generally__________
[A] democrats
[a] republicans
[C] conservatives
[D] communists
4. The phrase" talking shop" ( Line 4, Para. 6 ) probably means __________
[A] talking about shopping
[B] discussing ones work with colleagues
[C] exchanging personal news
[D] talking with friends in a group
5. Which of the statements is NOT true?
[A] Astronauts have a good job which demands high.
[B] The divorce rate in NASA is very low.
[C] The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.
[D] There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.
答案及解析
1.c 【解析】本文第二段中提到“…because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.”
2.B【解析】本文第一句提到“Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip—top condition，with fair hair，crew-cuts，good teeth and…”.
3.B 【解析】由本文倒数第一段中的“As for the astronauts’political leanings，they seem to be towards the right.”
4.B【解析】talk shop意为“谈公事”。
5.C 【解析】A、B、D在文中均提到，是正确的，而C不对，文中提到“You would expect them to find their friends from their professional associates，but this is not the case.Rather，they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts.”
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