2023年11月PETS-5考试阅读冲刺习题

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　　在学习、工作中，我们最少不了的就是练习题了，做习题有助于提高我们分析问题和解决问题的能力。你所见过的习题是什么样的呢？下面是小编收集整理的2023年11月PETS-5考试阅读冲刺习题，希望对大家有所帮助。

2023年11月PETS-5考试阅读冲刺习题

　　11月PETS-5考试阅读冲刺习题

　　Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Since OPEC agreed to supply—cuts in March， the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a barrel.up from less than$10 last December.This near—tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 0il shock，when prices quadrupled，and 1979—80，when they also almost tripled.Both previous shocks resulted in double—digit inflation and global economic decline.So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

　　The Oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.Strengthening economic growth，at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere，could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there ale good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the l970s.In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the l970s.In Europe，taxes account for up to four—fifths of the retail price，so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

　　Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were.and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation，a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy，energy—intensive industries has reduced oil consumption.Software.consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50%less oil than in 1973.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that，its oil prices averaged$2 a barrel for a full year，compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5%of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 0r 1980.On the other hand，oil-importing emerging economies--to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive，and so could be more seriously squeezed.

　　One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，unlike the rises in the 1970s，it has not oc— carred against the background of general commodity—price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchang— ing from a year a90.In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%and in 1979 by almost 30%.

　　61.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_____.

　　[A]global inflation

　　[B]reduction in supply

　　[C]fast growth in economy

　　[D]Iraq’s suspension of exports

　　62.It call be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_____.

　　[A]price of crude rises

　　[B]commodity prices rise

　　[C]consumption rises

　　[DJ oil taxes rise

　　63.The estimates in Economic Outllok show that in rich countries_____.

　　[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive

　　[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices

　　[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed

　　[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP

　　64.We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.

　　[A]oil—price shocks are less shocking now

　　[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil—price shocks

　　[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices

　　[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

　　65.From the text we can see that the writer seems_____.

　　[A]optimistic

　　[B]sensitive

　　[C]gloomy

　　[D]scared

　　短文赏析

　　石油输出国组织在3月份决定减少原油供应，原油价格立即猛涨了3倍。本周伊拉克暂停石油出口，这使得油价又一次上扬。强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。但是人们并不恐慌，这是因为现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额要小很多，发达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前，因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感了。另外一个原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上升并不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。

　　答案及解析

　　61.B 【解析】文章的第二句中“Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March，the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a barrel，…”，说明油价上涨是由于石油输出国组织最近的减少供应导致的。故应选B。

　　62.D【解析】文章第三段第二、三句“In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the l970s.In Europe….”指出原油价格只是汽油价格中的一小部分，以欧洲的例子说明税收高达汽油零售价的五分之四，所以汽油税上升会造成油价的大幅度上涨。故应选D。

　　63.D【解析】文章第四段第五句“The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that.its oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year，...this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5%of GDP.”说明现在这种情况下，油价的上涨所带来的影响只是在0.25—0.5%之间。这表明在富裕国家石油价格的变化不会对GDP(国内生产总值)产生重大影响。故应选D。

　　64.A【解析】文章第三段第一句话“Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the1970s.”表明这次的油价上涨不会像以前那样带来严重的后果。从文章最后一段“0ne more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，…”来看，我们不会为石油价格的上涨而失眠，也说明了这次的上涨影响不会很大。故应选A。

　　65.A【解析】文章第三段第一句“Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the l970s.”和第四段第一句都指出“Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were，and SO less sensitive to swings in the oil price.”也就是说各国有很好的理由盼望现在的经济前景会比二十世纪七十年代的情况乐观。发达国家对石油的依赖性较以前有所下降，因而对石油价格变动的敏感度也降低，这些都表明作者是持有乐观态度的。故应选A。

　　11月PETS-5考试阅读冲刺习题

　　Europe’s Gypsies, Are They a Nation?

　　The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies or Roman to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place-at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m.

　　Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their language is related to Hindi， their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon. Other Europeans wrongly thought them migrant Egyptians, hence the derivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century.

　　However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. The International Romany Union， which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries, is fostering the idea of “self-rallying”。 It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language; it waves a Gypsy flag green with a wheel when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.

　　At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the International Tomany Union. Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members of parliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe OSCE, to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.

　　The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies, but that is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how it would actually be elected was left undecided.

　　So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans and other awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just when several countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treat them better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU’s whole premise is to overcome differences， not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.

　　But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on. Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania， the country that still has the largest number of them more than 1m in the 19th century they were actually enslaved. Hitler tried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.

　　“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue, might give them a boost. There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among other things, a Gypsy university.

　　One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong to many different, and often antagonistic， clans and tribes, with no common language or religion, Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says, Dimitrina Petrova, head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies’ shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says, stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”

　　And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. In Macedonia, a Gypsy party already has some-and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge, an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over Central Europe, there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals.

　　That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.

　　写作手法与文章大意

　　文章以对比手法环绕吉普塞是不是一个民族/国家，可不可以取得合法地位这一中心而写。从人口上说，它的数量超过加入欧盟许多国家，应在欧盟中一席之底。但人口分散在各国，他是对抗的部落，还没有共同的语言和信仰。不像犹太人，它们没有回归的祖居地。它们成立了国际联盟，也选出了领导，在布鲁塞尔开设了办事处，想成立国会，但不知如何落实操作，只是极力游说欧盟和联合国等组织，以获得一个合法地位和发言权。这是欧盟日程表上一个问题，但欧盟等机构又担心，万一他们取得正式地位，那些国家中正闹分离和独立的民族也会提出同样的要求，就象潘多拉盒子那样，不能打开。

　　答案详解

　　1. B. 他们是一个民族/国家吗?整篇文章环境这一点而2. 写，3. 文章一开始就提出中欧入欧盟的国家会给大陆吉普塞人一个机会，4. 承认他们是一个民族--国家，5. 虽然没有界定的领土作为国家，6. 应有领土。吉普塞人的领袖人物也指7. 出其人数超过欧盟中许多现在有的和将来要入盟的国家。他们至少要在欧盟中有一席之地。第二段提出，8. 吉普塞和犹太人不同，9. 他们没有可回归的祖居地。他们的语言属印欧语系。英国人认为他们来自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世纪时一些流浪的手工业工人和艺人从印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一种思想--以吉普塞文化为基础的无疆土的吉普塞民族应有个说话的地方-越来越为人接受。国际吉普塞人联盟声称代表30多个国家的吉普塞人，10. 做了几件事：展开自我联合，11. 提出语言标12. 准和书面形式，13. 在联合国进行游说活动时挥动吉普塞国旗，14. 在布鲁塞尔设立办事处，15. 六月在捷克首都布拉格召开会议。第四段集中讲到会上选出了联盟主席。一群选出吉普塞的政治家--国会议员，16. 市长， 17. 地方政务委员再次在布拉格开会，18. 会议由欧洲安全合作条约组织召集，19. 来讨论如何动员更多的吉普塞人参政。第五段涉及联盟雄心勃勃的宣布要建立国会，20. 但如何实际操作还未落实。后面主要是外界对吉普塞的态度。第六段描述欧盟委员会在吉普塞作为最大的大陆少数民族，21. 历史上遭到残酷的迫害，22. 应赢得特别承认。19世纪他们横遭奴役，希23. 特勒企图把它们和犹太人一起消灭。第八段讲了欧洲会议中有人提出吉普塞在欧洲机构中应有一席之地，24. 还提议一个常务委员负责吉普塞事务。还有行动筹建建立一所吉普塞大学。后面两段讲的是困难，25. 第九段点出。最后一段指26. 出，27. 现在说他们有人有钱可以组成国家为时还早， 28. 可是吉普塞是欧盟中日程表上的一个问题，29. 他们日益接近解决。从内部，30. 外部情况分析都说明吉普塞是一个组成国家的民族。全文都是环绕它是不31. 是，32. 该不33. 该承认为民族/国家而34. 写，35. 所以B项他们是不 36. 是民族是最佳标37. 题。

　　A. 吉普塞要想组成一个国家民族。这只是文章涉及到的部分内容，中欧国家想加入欧盟一事可能产生的结果。 C. 欧盟害怕它们成长。 D. 他们是一个部落。

　　38. A. 最可能是在7世纪从印度流浪到西方。见第1题第二注释。

　　B. 他们分散在世界各地。 C. 可能他们源于中欧。 D. 他们可能来自国际吉普塞人联盟。

　　39. D. 它们在这些国际组织，40. 如欧盟，41. 联合国中进行活动游说要取得一席之地。见第1题第一段，42. 三段注释。

　　A. 它们游说活动欧盟和联合国接受他们的要求。太抽象。 B. 它们活动游说在国际机构取得职位。 C. 他们游说作为民族的权利。

　　43. C. 它害怕巴斯克人，44. 科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族会提出同45. 样的要求。见难句译注11。

　　A. 它可能会打开潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。 B. 鼓励可能会导致某些意想不到的结果。 D. 吉普塞的要求会加深欧盟分歧。 B，D两项不够明确。

　　46. A. 吉普塞人属于不同47. 的，而48. 且常常是对抗的民族的部落，49. 还没有共同50. 的语言和宗教信仰。

　　B. 他们领袖很贪腐。 C. 他们潜在的团结来自被人看作是低于人类次等人。 D. 他们有点太讲究实效， B，C， D 三项不是主要问题。主要问题是A. 项

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