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2016年11月全国英语等级考试pets5级全真模拟试题
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Section Ⅱ Use of English
( 15 minutes)
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
"The more gadgets there are, the (31)things seem to get. " said Honore Ervin, co-author of The Et- iquette Girls: Things You Need to Be Told. "Just because it' s there (32) __ your disposal, doesn' t mean you have to use it 24/7. "
A recent (33) __ by market research company Synovate showed that 70 percent of 1,000 respondents (34) __ the poorest etiquette in cell phone users over other devices. The worst habit? Loud phone conversa- tions in public places, or "cell yell, " (35)__ to 72 percent of the Americans polled.
"People use (36)__ anywhere and everywhere, " Ervin said. "At the movies--turn (37)_ your cell phone. I don' t want to pay $10 to be sitting next to some guy chitchatting to his girlfriend (38) __ his cell phone. " This rudeness has deteriorated public spaces, according to Lew Friedland, a communication profes- sor (39)_ the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He (40) __ the lack of manners a kind of uncon- scious rudeness, ( 41 ) __ many people are not ( 42 ) __ of what they' re doing or the others around
“people use (36)___anywhere and everywhere,” Ervin said. “At the movies-turn(37)__ your cell phone. I don’t want to pay $ 10 to be sitting next to some guy chitchatting to his girlfriend (38)___his cell phone.” This rudeness has deteriorated public spaces, accroding to Lew Friedland, a communication professor(39)___the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He (40)___ the lack of manners a kind of unconscious rudeness, (41)__
Many people are not (42)____of what they’re doing or the others around them.
"I think it' s really noticeable in any plane, train or bus (43) __ you' re subjected against your will (44)someone else' s conversation, " he said. "You can listen to intimate details of their uncle' s illness, problems with their lovers and (45)_ they' re having for sinner. " "It (46)_ what was a public common space and starts to (47) __ it up into small private space. "
A short time ago, if cell phone users (48) __ politely asked to talk quietly, they would (49) __ with chagrin, he said. "Now more and more people are essentially treating you like you don' t understand that loud cell phone use is (50)_ in public. "
Section 111 Reading Comprehension
( 50 minutes)
Part A
Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany., them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
As long as her parents can remember, 13-year-old Katie Hart has been talking about going to college. Her mother, Tally, a financial-aid officer at a California University, knows all too well the daunting thing of paying for a college education. Last year the average yearly tuition at a private, four-year school climbed 5.5 percent to more than $17, 000. The Harts have started saving, and figure they can afford a public university without a problem. But what if Katie applies to Princeton ( she' s threatening), where one year' s tuition, room and board-almost $ 34, 000 in 2007-will cost more than some luxury cars? Even a number cruncher like Tally admits it' s a little scary, especially since she' 11 retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.
Paying for college has always been a hard endeavor. The good news: last year students collected $ 74 billion in financial aid, the most ever. Most families pay less than full freight. Sixty percent of public-university students and three quarters of those at private colleges receive some form of financial aid-mostly, these days, in the form of loans. But those numbers are not as encouraging as they appear for lower-income families, because schools are changing their formulas for distributing aid. Eager to boost their magazine rankings, which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen, they' re throwing more aid at smarter kids--whether they need it or not.
The best way to prepare is to start saving early. A new law passed last year makes that easier for some families. So-called 529 plans allow parents to sock away funds in federal-tax-free-investment accounts, as long as the money is used for "qualified educaion expenses" like tuition, room and board. The plans aren' t for everyone. For tax reasons, some lower and middle income families may be better off choosing other investments. But saving is vital.
When' s the best time to start? "Sometime, " says Jack Joyce of the College Board, "between the maternity ward and middle school. "
Aid packages usually come in some combination of grants, loans and jobs. These days 60 percent of all aid comes in the form of low-interest loans. All students are eligible for "unsubsidized" federal Stafford loans, which let them defer interest payments until after graduation. Students who can demonstrate need can also qualify for federal Perkins loans or "subsidized" Staffords, where the government pays the interest during school. Fortunately, this is a borrower' s market. "Interest rates are at their lowest level in the history of student loans, " says Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of Finaid. Kantrowitz expects rates to fall even further when they' re reviewed this summer.
Traditional scholarships, academic or athletic, are still a part of many families' planning. Mack Reiter, a 17-year-old national wrestling champion, gets so many recruiting letters he throws most away. He' 11 almost certainly get a free ride. Without it, "we would really be in a bind, " says his mother, Janet. For everyone else, it' s worth the effort to pick through' local .and national scholarship offerings, which can be found Ol—— Web sites like college-board, com.
51. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the Harts?
A. The difficulty of paying the tuition.
B. The far-sight of the parents.
C. The promising future of Katie.
D. The increasing tuition in the university.
52. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. Some families are too poor to pay the full amount of the tuition.
B. The parents do not favor the form of loans.
C. Paying the tuition makes the parents feel humble.
D. Those who are in great need may not get what they need.
53. The last paragraph suggests that __
A. many recruiting letters failed to provide Mack Reiter with scholarships
B. Mack Reiter wanted to help his family go out of the trouble
C. traditional scholarships are a good solution to the tuition problems in some families
D. Mack Reiter was very proud of his national wrestling championship
54. What does the author mean by "better off" ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) ?
A. Richer.
B. Wiser.
C. Happier.
D. Luckier.
55. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The Harts prefer a public university to a private one.
B. It is much easier to pay the tuition at present.
C. All students can get the aid package.
D .Traditional scholarships are still attractive to some families.
Text 2
It was late in the afternoon, and I was putting the final touch on a piece of writing that I was feeling pretty good about. I wanted to save it, but my cursor had frozen. I tried to shut the computer down, andit seized up altogether. Unsure of what else to do, I yanked (用力猛拉) the battery out:
Unfortunately, Windows had been in the midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking. The next morning, when I turned my computer back on, it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load. Then, it offered to repair itself by using the Windows Setup CD.
I opened the special drawer where I keep CDs, but no Windows CD in there. I was forced to call the computer company' s Global Support Centre. My call was answered by a woman in.some unnamed, far-off land. I fred it annoying to make small talk with someone when I don' t know what continent they' re standing on. Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we've been having when there was a monsoon at the otber end of the phone? So I got right to the point.
"My computer is telling me a file is corrupted and it wants to fix itself, but I don' t have the Windows Setup CD. "
"So you' re having a problem with your Windows Setup CD. " She has apparently been dozing and, having come to just as the sentence ended, was attempting to cover for her inattention.
It quickly became clear that the woman was not a computer technician. Her job was to serve as a gatekeeper, a human shield for the technicians. Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels.
To make me disappear, the woman:gave me the phone number for Windows' creator, Microsoft. This is like giving someone the phone number for, I don' t know, North America. Besides, the CD worked; I just didn't have it. No matter how many times I repeated my story, we came back to the same place. She was calm and resolutely polite.
When my voice hit a certain decibel (分贝), I was passed along, like a hot, irritable potato, to a technician.
"You don' t have the Windows Setup CD, ma' am, because you don' t need it, " he explained cheerfully.
"Windows came preinstalled on your computer!"
"But I do need it. "
"Yes, but you don't have it. " We went on like this for a while. ,Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. "Of course, you' d lose all your e-mail, your documents, your photos. " It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache. "You might be able to recover them, but it would be expensive. " He sounded delighted. "And it' s not coveted by the warranty ( 产品保证书) !" The safe began to seem like a good idea, provided it was full.
I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I' d heard about. A smart, helpful man dug out a Windows CD and told me it wouldn't be a problem. An hour later, be called to let me know it was ready. I thanked him, and we chatted about the weather, which was the same outside my window as it was outside his.
56. Why did the author shut down her computer abruptly?
A. She had saved what she had written.
B. She couldn't move the cursor.
C. The computer refused to work.
D. The computer offered to repair itself.
57. Which of the following is the author' s opinion about the woman at the Global Support Centre?
A. She sounded helpful and knowledgeable.
B. She was there to make callers frustrated.
C. She was able to solve her computer problem. ,
D. She was quick to pass her along to a technician.
58. According to the passage, the solution offered by the technician was __
A. effective
B. economical
C. unpractical
D. unacceptable
59. "It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache" in the last but one paragraph means that
A. the technician's proposal would make things even worse
B. the technician' s proposal could eventually solve the problem
C. files stored on her computer were like a safe
D. erasing the entire system was like curing a headache
60. It can be inferred from the passage that the differences between the Global Support Centre and the local repair shop lie in all the following EXCEPT
A.efficiency
B. location
C. Setup CDs
D. attitude
Text 3
Women' s minds work differently from men' s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.
There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?” and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhanding, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.
But it isn' t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable dis- tinction between the sexes.
We shah' t know for a while, partly because we don' t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves inter-act via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
61. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.
C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.
D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.
62. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by __ factors.
A. biological B. psychological C. physical I D ] social
63. "these differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in __
A. skills of men and women
B. school subjects
C. the brain structure of men and women
D. activities carried out by the brain
64. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on __
A. the brain structure as a whole
B. the functioning of part of the brain
C. the distinction between the sexesE D] the effects of the corpus callosum
65. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.
B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.
C. To. discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.
D. To suggest new areas in brain research.
Part B
In the following article some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 —— 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A —— F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which "does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction to poison ivy each year. Poison ivy is often very. difficult to spot. It closely resembles several other common garden plates, and can also blend in with other plants and weeds. But if you come into contact with it, you' II soon know by the itchy, blistery rash that forms on your skin. Poison ivy is a red, itchy rash caused by the plant that bears its name. Many people get it when they are hiking or working in their garden and accidentally come into direct contact with the plant' s leaves, roots, or stems. The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes it forms blisters.
About 85 percent of people are allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Only a tiny amount of this chemical--1 billionth of a gram--is enough to cause a rash in many peo- ple. Some people may boast that they' ve been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten the rash, but that doesn' t necessarily mean they' re not allergic. Sometimes the allergy doesn' t emerge until you' ve been ex- posed several times, and some people develop a rash after their very first exposure. It may take up to ten days for the rash to emerge the first time.
Here are some other ways to identify the poison ivy plant. It generally grows in a cluster of low, weed-like plants or a woody vine which can climb trees or fences. It is most often found in moist areas, such as riverbanks, woods, and pastures. The edges of the leaves are generally smooth or have tiny "teeth". Their color changes based on the season--reddish in the spring; green in the summer; and yellow, orange, or red in the fall. Its berries are typically white.
The body' s immune system is normally in the business of protecting us from bacteria, viruses, and the foreign invaders that can make us sick. But when urushiol from the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. Hay fever is another example of this type of response; in the case of hay fever, the immune system overreacts to pollen, or another plant-produced substance.
The allergic reaction to poison ivy is known as delayed hypersensitivity. Unlike immediate hypersensitivity, which causes an allergic reaction within minutes of exposure to an antigen, delayed hypersensitivity reactions don' t emerge for several hours or even days after the exposure.
In the places where your skin has come into contact with poison ivy leaves or urushiol, within one to two days you' 11 develop a rash, which will usually itch, redden, bum, swell, and form blisters. The rash should go away within a week, but it can last longer. The severity of the reaction often has to do with how much urushiol you've touched. The rash may appear sooner in some parts of the body than in others, but it doesn' t spread the urushiol simply absorbs into the skin at different rates in different parts of the body. Thicker skin such as the skin on the soles
A. Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant--the leaves, stems, and roots--it' s best to avoid the plant entirely to prevent a rash. The trouble is, poison ivy grows almost everywhere in the United States (with the exception of the Southwest, Alaska, and Hawaii), so geography won' t help you. The general rule to identify poison ivy, "leaflets three, let it be, " doesn' t always apply. Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf--but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group.
B. Most people don' t have a reaction the first time they touch poison ivy, but develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. Everyone has a different sensitivity, and therefore a slightly different reaction, to poison ivy. Sensitivity usually decreases with age and with repeat exposures to the plant.
C. Here' s how the poison ivy response occurs. Urushiol makes its way down through the skin, where it is metabolized, or broken down. Immune cells called T lymphocytes ( or T-cells) recognize the urushiol derivatives as a foreign substance, or antigen. They send out inflammatory signals called cytokines, which bring in white blood cells. Under orders from the cytokines, these white blood cells turn into macrophages. The macrophages eat foreign substances, but in doing so they also damage normal tissue, resulting in the skin inflammation that occurs with poison ivy.
D. Poison ivy' s cousins, poison oak and poison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. Poison oak grows as a shrub (one to six feet tall). It is typically found along the West Coast and in the South, in dry reas such fields, woodlands, and thickets. Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three. They tend to be thick, green, and hairy on both sides. Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and along the Mississippi River. It is a woody shrub made up of stems with rows of seven to thirteen smooth-edged leaflets.
E. The culprit behind the rash is a chemical in the sap of poison ivy plants called umshiol. Its name comes from the Japanese word "urushi, " meaning lacquer. Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. Poison ivy, Eastern poison oak, Western poison oak, and poison sumac are all members of the same family--Anacardiaceae.
F. Call your doctor if you experience these more serious reactions :
Pus around the rash (which could indicate an infection).
A rash around your mouth, eyes, or genital area.
A fever above 100 degrees.
A rash that does not heal after a week.
Part C
Answer Questions 71 -80 by referring to the following book reviews.
Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1. Some choicesmay be required more than once.
A = BOOK REVIEW 1B = BOOK REVIEW 2
C = BOOK REVIEW 3D = BOOK REVIEW 4
Which book review(s) contain(s) the following information?
A. The main point of the book is simple : globalization is not helping many poor countries. Incomes are not ris- ing in much of the world, and adoption of market-based policies such as open capital markets, free trade.
and privatization are makirlg developing economies less stable, not more. Instead of a bigger dose of free markets, Stiglitz argues, what' s needed to make globalization work better is more and smarter government intervention. While this has 'been said before, the ideas carry more weight coming from someone With Stiglitz's credentials. In some ways, this book ha—— the potential to be the liberal equivalent of Milton Friedman'S 1962 classic Capitalism and Freedom, which helped provide the intellectual foundafion for a generation of conservatives. But Giobalization and Its Discontents does not rise to the level of capitalism and freedom. While Stiglitz makes a strong case for govern- ment-oriented development policy, he ignores some key arguments in favor of the market. "The book' s main villain is the International Monetary Fund, the Washington organization that lends to troubled countries", Stiglitz' con- tempt for the IMF is boundless, "It is clear that the IMF has failed in its mission, " he declares. "Many of the poli- cies that the IMF pushed have contributed to global instability. "
B .While parts of this book are disappointingly shallow, Stiglitz' s critique of the market-driven 90' s s011 reso- hates; especially when the business page is full of stories about white-collar crime and the stock market
seems stuck in a perpetual rut. Even the United States cannot blithely assume that financial markets will work on au- topilot. It is testament to the salience of Stiglitz' s arguments that many economists--even some Bush Administration officials--now embrace his view that economic change in the developing word must evolve more with local condi- tions, not on Washington' s calendar. Without a thorough makeover, globalization could easily become a quagmire. Stiglitz shared a Nobel Prize last year for his work analyzing the imperfections of markets. His main c——omplaint a- gainst Rubin and Summers, who served as Treasury Secretaries, and against Fischer, the NO. 2 official and de facto chief executive of the international Monetary Fund, is that they had too much faith that markets could transform poor countries overnight. He labels these three men market fundamentalists, who fought tO maintain financial stability with the same urgency that an earlier generation struggled to contain communism. Worse, he suggests, they shilled for Wall Street, conflating the interests of the big banks with the financial health of the world.
C . "Stiglitz, 58, is hardly the first person to accuse the IMF of operating undemocratically and exacerbating T——ird World poverty. But he is by far the most prominent and his emergence as a critic marks an important
shift in the intellectual landscape. Only a few years ago, it was possible for pundits to claim that no mainstream e- conomist, certainly nobody of Stiglitz' s stature, took the criticism of free trade and globalization seriously. Such
claims are no longer credible, for Stiglitz is part of a small but growing group Of economists, sociologists and poliO- cal scientists, among them Dani Rodrik of Harvard and Robert Wade of the London School of Economics, who not
only take the critics seriously but warn that ignoring their concerns could have dire consequences. " Over the past several years, Stiglitz, a celebrated theorist who was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in economics for his work on asymmetric information, has grown accustomed to being at the center of controversy. From 1997 to 2000, he served as senior vice president and chief economist at the Word Bank--a tire that did not stop him from publicly criticizing the bank' s sister institution, the International Monetary Fund, Stiglitz' s outspokenness, unprecedented for a high- ranking insider, infuriated top officials at the IMF and US Treasury Department, and eventually led James Wolfen- sohn, the World Bank' s president, to inform him that he would have to mute his criticism or resign, Stiglitz chose to leave.
D . "Stiglitz' book makes a compelling case that simple-minded economic doctrine, inadequately tailored to the realities of developing countries, can do more harm than good, and that the subtleties of economic theory are actually quite important for sound policy advice, But simplistic political advice--give developing countries more voice and the institutions of global governance will be rendered more legitimate and efficient--is equally problemat- ic. Political reform is as subtle and.complex as economic reform. Evidently, the .best minds among us have only be- gun to think about it. " Joseph Stiglitz' s memoirs of his years in Washington, D. C. --first as chair of President blill Clinton' s Council of Economic Advisers and then as chief economist at the World Bank--have the flavor of a morality play: Our goodhearted but slightly native hero, on leave from Stanford University, sets out for the nation'
capital to serve his country and improve the lot of the developing world. Once there he finds a morass of political opportunism, ideologically motivated decision-making and bureaucratic inertia. Undeterred, he battles valiantly on behalf of impoverished nations against the unrelenting globalisers of the International Monetary Fund.
Section Ⅵ Writing (40 minutes)
Some people claim that staying in a place all one' s life is good for one' s growth, while others disagree with the view, and they prefer changing the place. Write an article to express your point of view on this topic.
You should write no less than 250 words. Write your article on ANSWER SHEET 2.
THE END OF THE TEST
答案与解析：
Section lI Use ofEnglish(每小题1分，共计20分，权重l0%)
参考译文
《礼节女孩：应该懂得的事情》一书的合著者霍诺·欧文这样说道：“身边的小玩意儿越多，事情似乎就会变得越糟糕。”，“拥有很多小玩意儿只意味着你能够随时使用这些东西，并不代表你一天24小时一周七天都必须使用。”
思纬市场研究公司的最近一项调查显示，1，000名受访者中有70%的人认为，相对于其他使用设备来说，在使用手机时人们表现出最差的礼仪。那么最坏的习惯是什么呢?根据美国的民意调查显示。72%的人认为最坏的习惯是在公共场所大声电话交谈，或“手机大声叫喊”。
“人们随时随地都在使用手机，”欧文说。“看电影时请关掉手机。我不想付l0美元坐到一些同自己女朋友用手机聊天的家伙旁边。”威斯康星大学麦迪逊分捩的弗里德兰·来文教授说这种漫无礼节的行为破坏了公共空间秩序。他把这种缺乏礼节的行为称作是一种无意识的粗暴，因为许多人并没有意识到他们自己或者周围的人在做什么。
“我认为这种情况在飞机、火车或巴士上会很容易被察觉到。你违背自己的意志不想听别人谈话，”他说，“但是你可以听到他们的叔叔的病情的细节，他们和恋人之闰出现的问题，以及他们的罪恶。”“他们占据的是公共的空闾，却无意识的把其划分为一个个小的私人空间。”
不久前，如果手机用户被告知说话声音小一点时，他们会很不情愿地服从，“如果放在现在，越来越多的人会把你当做你不懂在公共场所讲话是很正常的事情。”
答案及解析
31.worse 【解析】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越…越…，”根据上下文，本句句意为“身边的小玩意儿越多，事情似乎就会变得越糟糕。”所以此处应填“worse”。
32.at 【解析】此题考固定搭配，at one’S disposal，意为“任某人自由支配、使唤”。所以此处应填介词“at”。
33.poll 【解析】此句意为“Synovate市场研发公司的调查显示”，poll的意思为“民意调查”。因此答案为“poll“。
34.found 【解析】此句意为“l，000名受访者中有70%的发现，相对于其他设备来说，在使用手机时人们表现出最差的礼仪”，所以答案为“found”。
35.according【解析】according to为“依据”，为固定短语，意为“根据美国的民意调查”。所以此处填according。
36.them 【解析】本题考查代词的用法，根据上下文，此处句意为“人们使用这些小玩意儿。”上文已经提到gadgets，所以这里用代词“them”代替。
37.off 【解析】turn off是“关掉”的意思，此题考查动词短语的用法，根据上下文语境，这里意思是“关掉你的手机”。所以用副词“off”。
38.on 【解析】此题也考查介词的用法，在电话中交谈，一般用on the phone。所以此处应填介词“on”。
39.at 【解析】某大学的教授，应为“a professor at...university”，所以答案为介词“at”。
40.calls 【解析】此句意为“他把这种缺乏礼节的行为称作是一种无意识的无礼”。call+双宾语结构，以为“把…称为”，所以此处填“calls”。
41.as 【解析】此处为因果关系，意为“因为许多人没有…”，因此此处应填连词“as”。
42.aware 【解析】be aware of，固定搭配，意为“意识到”。所以此处应填“aware”
43.where 【解析】此题考查where引导的定语从句，修饰前面提到的plane，train or bus。所以此处应填关系副词“where”。
44.to 【解析】be subjected to为固定搭配，“使遭受，使服从”的意思，要学会跨过其他成分寻找主干。所以此处应填介词“to”。
45.what 【解析】此题考查what引导的宾语从句。要注意分析句子中的成分，此空为listen to后的宾语。所以此处应填引导词“what”。
46.takes 【解析】要注意时态，这里意为“占据”，所以所以此处应填“takes”
47.divide 【解析】根据上下文语境，这里是“分为”，divide...up into意为“把·一划分为”。所以此处应填动词“divide”。
48.were 【解析】考查被动语态的用法，注意分析句子成分。所以此处应填“were”。
49.comply 【解析】此处句意为“他们会很懊恼地服从”，表示服从，遵从的短语是comply with。所以此处应填“comply”。
50.normal 【解析】根据上下文可以判断此处句意为“很正常的事情”，因此此处应填“normal”。
Section HI Reading Comprehension《共计35分，权重35%)
PartA(每小题1分，共计l5分)
Textl
短文赏析
本文采用提出问题——分析问题的模式，指出支付高昂的大学学费对很多家庭来说都有些力不从心，以及一些助学贷款及其他资助项目所起的作用。第一段提出问题，以哈特家为例，说明支付大学学费对家庭造成的压力;第二段指出大多数家庭支付大学学费的方式以及存在的一些问题：第三段指出家庭存钱的作用;第四段指出资助项目的形式;第五段指出传统奖学金的吸引力。
答案及解析
51.A【解析】原文对应信息是：“Even...Tally admits it’S a little scary， especially since she’11 retire and Katie will go to college at around the same time.”意为“面l临自己将要退休，同时孩子要上大学，这确实有点令人害怕。”我们可知Tally对支付自己女儿的学费有点害怕。B、C、D均不是作者想要表达的原因。所以本题应选A。
52.D【解析】原文对应信息是：“Eager to boost their magazine rankings，which are based in part on the test scores of entering freshmen，they’re throwing mole aid at smarter kids--whether they need it or not.”该句话说明“学校为了提高其杂志排名，就在经济上给予那些比较聪明的孩子较大的帮助，不管他们需不需要帮助”。由此可以看出，急需帮助的学生并不一定就能获得帮助。所以A、B、C均不符合题意。所以本题应选D。
53.C【解析】原文对应信息是：“Traditional scholarships，academic or athletic.are still a part of many families’planning.”意为“许多家庭还在依赖传统的奖学金，不管是学习上的还是体育上的。”所以本题应选C。
54.B 【解析】文中提到的方案有助于存钱，但这样的方案并不适用于每一个人，然后给出了其中的一个原因，来说明对于低收入和中等收入的家庭来讲，选择其他投资方式会比这种方式好。由此可猜出词义。所以本题应选B。
55.D 【解析】选项A意思不准确，文中提到公立大学和私立大学的学费问题，但并没有表明家长的态度和倾向;选项B意思不对，文中对应信息是第二段;申请贷款并不是无条件的，这是选项C的错误所在。综观全文，可以看出传统意义上的奖学金还是很有吸引力的。所以本题应选D。
Text2
短文赏析
本文讲述了作者在对自己认为非常满意的一篇文章收尾时，电脑出问题了，之后与全球技术支持中心的客服联络的过程。作者认为那个女客服一点都不合格，她的解释只会令人越听越糊涂。但是接下来女客服把微软的电话号码告诉作者之后，技术人员的解释依然令人费解，甚至最后试图敷衍了事。经过一番折腾之后，作者送到附近的小店里维修之后，一切恢复正常。文章带有幽默讽刺的意味，以两个人在同一地点谈论同一天气结束。
答案及解析
56.B【解析】第一段中，作者说自己想保存文件，但是光标不动了，死机了。只有把电池拔出强行关机，所以排除A，D。c中说电脑拒绝工作，不合题意。所以本题应选B。
57.B【解析】此题是有关作者态度的问题。由第5、6段可以看出女客服的回答令人很不满，很沮丧。所以本题应选B。
58.D【解析】此题问技术员的回答如何。文章中“But I do need it.”“Yes.but you don’t have it.”We went on like this for a while.Fi-nally.he offered to walk me through…可以看出“技术员最后是在敷衍作者，没有提出一个合理的解决办法”。所以本题应选D。
59.A【解析】“It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache.”意为“就像给我提供一个保险箱放我头上来治愈我的头痛一样。”含蓄讽刺地说技术员提供的建议不可采取。所以本题应选A。
60.C【解析】由文中可知全球技术支持中心跟当地修理店的区别在于，当地修理店效率高，地点近，态度好。题目问的是除了哪个选项以外，其他都是二者的不同。所以本题应选C。
Text3
短文赏析
这篇有关大脑结构的文章，介绍男性、女性大脑结构及工作方式的不同，以及科学家的研究成果。男女大脑的工作方式有别不是指哪个好哪个坏，而是在处理复杂事件时.脑的不同部分起的作用不同。男女大脑的结构不同，科学家们发现女性的胼胝体的神经元比男性的要大，要丰富。左右大脑控制的部位各不相同。左大脑是用来文字处理。分析和进行逻辑动的;而右大脑是对图片、图式和形式起作用的。我们需要两边协调共同作用。两半脑连接得越好，那么两半边在一起的协调就越好。据研究发现，女性的两半脑之间的连接更好一些。作者说我们不知道学校学生的能力和大脑两半球功能之间的确切关系。我们不懂大脑两半球是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。最后作者间接地提出期望，希望能对胼胝体对人体的影响多做研究工作。
答案及解析
61.c【解析】选项A即心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。而文中第三句话说“Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke，”即心理学家认为这个研究不是一件沮丧的事，就是一个笑话，此句和选项A含义不一样。选项B即大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。而文中第一段最后一句话说“But being different，they point out hurriedly，is not the same as being better or worse.”即他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣，此句和选项B含义不一样。选项D两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。而文中第三段第三句话说“This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men...”即这是第一次人们发现了两性大脑结构的不同，此句和选项D含义不一样。所以本题应选C。
62.D【解析】根据这篇文章，普遍认为大脑的区别由什么因素引起的?短文第三段倒数第二句话说“We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.”即我们认为社会的影响造成了这些区别。A、B、C均不符合题意。所以本题应选D。
63.A【解析】“这些区别”指的是什么?短文第五段主题句说“But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.”即在此基础上解释两性技能的区别并不是很容易的事。由此可见，“这些区别”指的是两性技能。所以本题应选A。
64.D【解析】文章的结尾，作者说我们不知道学校学生的能力和大脑两半球功能之间的确切关系;我们不懂大脑两半球是如何通过cor-pus callosum相互作用的;间接地提出对于corpus callosum的影响，多作研究工作。所以本题应选D。
65.A【解析】文章的主要目的是什么?短文介绍科学家在有关大脑结构方面的研究成果。B、C、D只是片面上的。所以本题应选A。
PartB(每小题2分。共计l0分)
短文赏析
美国皮肤病学研究会报道，每年该国有1，000-5000万人口对毒藤产生过敏反应。本文讲述了毒藤是如何使人产生过敏反应的。由于毒藤跟公园里的普通植物及其相似，很难被辨认。许多人过敏都是在远足时或在花园里工作时，不经意间接触了这类植物的叶子、根茎和枝干引起的。毒藤疹会使皮肤瘙痒，呈红色带状，有时还会形成水泡。根本原因是毒藤中含有的一种叫urushiol的化学物质。尽管有时候这种物质很小量，许多人还是会过敏。文章介绍了毒藤的作用机理，告诉人们如何识别毒藤。它通常生长在潮湿的地区：如河畔，森林及草原上。毒藤植物的边缘通常来说是很滑的，或者有小齿，颜色会随着季节的更替而变化。春天是淡红色，夏天是绿色，秋季则会变为黄色、橘色或红色。不同的人对毒藤的反应时间和症状也是不一样的。平时应该多加注意，避免接触毒藤。
答案及解析
66.E【解析】文章第一段讲述了毒藤会使人过敏产生疹子，第三段提到85%的人对毒藤中的urushiol过敏，选项E介绍了urushiol一词的来源，并且介绍了毒藤使人过敏的根本原因就是毒藤中含有这种化学物质。所以本题应选E。
67.A【解析l下面一段讲的是其他方法来鉴别毒藤，所以看过选项之后，我们可以推断出该空缺的是一些鉴别毒藤的方法，urushiol存在于毒藤的各个部分，最好避免接触毒藤的任何一处。其存在于美国的各个州，三个叶子的肯定不是毒藤等信息。注意下一段的关键词“other”。所以本题应选A。
68.D【解析】该空承接上段，讲的还是与毒藤相关的信息。毒橡树跟毒漆树的生长地点、环境及其形状。还是对鉴别毒藤的支撑信息。所以本题应选D。
69.c【解析】接下来讲的是人体的免疫系统与毒藤之间的关系。毒藤会使人产生什么样的反应，该空紧接的就是毒藤过敏反应是如何产生的。“Here’S how the poison ivy response OCCURS.”一句承上启下。所以本题应选C。
70.B【解析】该空缺之前讲的是毒藤的过敏反应是滞后的。不是马上产生的。接下来的相关信息是不同的人敏感度不一样，过敏反应发生的时间也会不一样。所以本题应选B。
Part C(每小题1分，共计l0分)
短文赏析
A
书评一讲的是经济学家Sdglitz的《全球化和问题》的主要观点并与Friedman的《资本主义和自由》进行比较，Stiglitz认为全球化对落后国家并没有什么帮助。采取市场经济、自由贸易等政策只会使经济越来越不稳定。使全球化更好的发挥作用的办法是政府的干涉。该书主要是对国际货币基金组织的批判。他对IMF无比鄙视，认为国际货币基金组织推出的政策只会导致全球不稳定。
B
书评二是有关Stiglitz对其他三位经济学家的批判，Rubin，Summers和Fischer都过于看好市场经济的力量。尽管Stiglitz的书中有些部分也很肤浅，但是他对市场驱动的批评仍然回荡在人们心中，特别是当90年代有关商业的报纸都登满了白领犯罪和股市不景气的信息，这些都证明了市场驱动下的政策的不利影响。该书认为市场经济的作用也必须与当地的经济发展状况相协调。否则的话，全球化很容易就变为泥潭。
C
书评三是有关Stiglitz成就的信息。他虽然不是最早对IMF提出批评的人，但是到目前为止是该领域最杰出的人物。他作为一个批评家的出现标志着知识分子领域的一个重要转变。前些年经济学家们都没有人像Stightz这样重视自由贸易和全球化。是他开创了这一先河，但是现在越来越多的经济学家开始关注这一问题。2001年，他因为发表不对称理论获得诺贝尔奖。自那之后也开始习惯了别人对他争议的看法。他的直言不讳激怒了IMF和美国财政部的许多官员，使世界银行的总裁都很无奈地告诉他，他必须停止他的批判或者辞职。Stiglitz选择了离职。
D
书评四讲的是Stiglitz书籍的影响力以及他决心致力于发展中国家的发展问题。那些头脑简单，认为应该给予发达国家更多的权力和发言权的愚蠢想法，只会带来更多的危害。政治改革和经济改革一样复杂。很显然我们的心地善良的英雄，离开斯坦福大学，打算为发展中国家的发展事业而奋斗。
答案及解析
71.A【解析】“Comparison of the significance of two economic books”含有对两本经济书的对比信息的，我们可以看出四个书评中只有A中提到了两本书之间的关系。所以本题应选A。
72.C【解析】Stiglitz在经济学领域享有的盛誉，C中“the most promi-nent and his emergence”。“a celebrated theorist who was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize...”等词都可以看出他的杰出贡献。所以本题应选C。
73.B 【解析】书评二中最后几句话提到了Stiglitz对Rubin and Sum—meFs，Fischer，the N0.2 0fficial and de facto chief executive of the IMF的批评，“…they had too much筋th that markets could trans—form poor countries overnight.He labels these three men market fun—damentalists”都可以看出题目中包含的信息。所以本题应选B。
74.B【解析】书评二中提到许多经济学家，甚至布什政府的官员都赞成Stiglitz的论点，认为“economic change in the developing world must evolve more with local conditions”。所以本题应选B。
75.A【解析】书评一中“Stiglitz argues，what’s needed to make globaliza-tion work better is more and smarter government intervention.”这句话我们可以看出。所以本题应选A。
76.D【解析】Stiglitz打算致力于发展中国家的发展是在书评四中提到的，书评四最后几句“…sets out for the nation’S capital to serve his country and improve the lot of the developing world.”他打算改善发展中国家人民的命运。所以本题应选D。
77.A 【解析】书评一中提到Stiglitz更主张政府参与下的经济政策，而不是以市场为主导的政策。所以本题应选A。
78.c【解析】越来越多的人赞成Stiglitz的观点，批评自由贸易和全球化，从“Such claims are no longer credible.for Stiglitz is part of a small but growing group of economists，sociologists and political sci-entists…”9rowing一词可以看出答案。所以本题应选C。
79.B【解析】有关商业方面的报道都是对Stiglitz的论点的支持信息。“...especially when the business page is full of stories about white—collar crime and the stock market seems stuck in a perpetual rut..."所以本题应选B。
80.D【解析】书评一中的“…he ignores some key arguments in favor of the market...”，书评二中的“While parts of this book are disap. pointingly shallow…”，书评三种的“stiglitz，58，is hardly the first person to accuse the IMF…”都有提到Stiglitz的一些负面的消息。所以本题应选D。
Section 1V Writing(计25分,权重25%)
One possible version:
Do you prefer staying in a place all your life?
There is a widespread concern over whether it' s a bad thing that people live in a place all their life. But it' s well known that one man' s meat is an-other man' s poison.
A majority of people think that staying in a place for a long time is a better choice. In their view there are two reasons contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, people who stay in one spot can develop a life-time friendship, and such a friend will give a hand without hesitation if trou-ble comes. In the second place, when people move to different places, they usually are under pressure from strangeness. A person may feel lost and tense in a place where streets, stores and schools are all different. As a say-ing goes: Fear always springs from ignorance.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people
hold the idea that people shouldn' t live in one place through their lives. In their points of view, on the one hand, people who spend a lifetime in one lo-cation can be locked into a limited way of life. A real problem is that life lacks passion. On the other hand, those who move frequently have a variety of outlooks. There is a chance to appreciate different ways of life.
As far as I am concerned, I finally agree the view that people shouldn't stay in a place all their lives. It' s not only because people can broaden their vision in different places, but also because fear will disappear with time. There is no doubt that no courage, no gains.
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