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2024年PETS-5级历年真题：阅读B
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Part B
In the following article, some paragraphs have been removed. For Questions 66 to 70, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps, Mark your answers on ANSWE SHEET 1.
For Richard Leakey, head of the Kenya Wildlife Service ( KWS ), conservation often seems to be a continuation of war by other means. His first period as director of the agency saw the introduc- tion of a "shoot to kill" policy to deal with illegal hunters. He also ceremonially burnt the countrys stockpile of confiscated ivory--even though, as critics pointed out, the haul could have paid for a dozen new schools 66.
His second session in the directors chair began eight months ago (the interregnum was caused by his resignation to enter politics in 1994, after clashes with Daniel arap Moi, Kenyas president). The years, however, have not softened him. His approach this time is almost as aggressive as shooting illegal hunters--it is a system of heavily defended frontiers for the areas under the KWS orotection, which he refers to as "hard edges".
67.
The extent to which wildlife and people can co-exist has long been a worry to conservationists. Some of them argue that peaceful co-existence is possible, especially if the animals are made to pay their way through tourism and the "cropping" of surplus beasts to provide food. But others, though in general willing these days to fall in with the line that nature must earn its keep if it is to survive, suspect that the benefits will frequently accrue to people other than those whose activities actually threaten the animals--and thus that the invisible hand of self-interest will not give animals any pro- tection.
68.
The first place to be the target of this attitude is Lake Nakuru. It is surrounded by settlements, and its.boundaries have become "blurred" as a result. Now, thanks to a two-metre-high fence, those boundaries will be clear--and people who have been squatting on government land will have to leave.
69.
This valley is home to two rare species of monkey, the red colobus and the Tana River manga- bey. People have lived there since before it was declared a protected area, but their numbers have expanded considerably in recent years. One or other group of primates must, in Dr. Leakeys view, therefore go. He plans that it will be the people.
The Tana River resettlement scheme is supposed to be voluntary, and comes with incentives such as money for new schools, water supplies and clinics.
70.
Whether "hard edges" will work as well as "shoot to kill" remains to be seen. But it could prove a risky strategy. People moved off their land have long memories, and when political circum- stances change they may translate those memories into action. Even in Europe, many of those whose homes have been flooded by reservoirs still mourn their lost villages, and would go back giv- en the chance. And dams--with all the attitudes that back them up--are going out of fashion.
A.But there are still some locals who would rather stay. In ——eory, they can. But they will have to put up with a series of restrictive measures designed to make life more comfortable for monkeys and less comfortable for people. Nobody, for instance, will be allowed to cut down trees; and human movements will be strictly controlled. The message is thus pretty clear: "please leave".
B.Richard Leakeys second stint in charge of Kenyas wild animals looks likely to be as contro-versial as his first.
C.Dr. Leakey seems to take the second approach--at least as far as the beasts in his custody are concerned. He is aware of the fact that his actions will be supported by the government only because of the income they bring to the tourist industry ( one of Kenyas biggest export earn- ers). And if it is to be an industrial project, then industrial public-policy methods should be applied. A western government, he points out, would not hesitate to use compulsory land purchase for a scheme deemed to be in the public interest (a hydroelectric dam, for exam- pie). So why should similar methods not apply to tourist-attraction wildlife reserves?
D.That, though it will no doubt produce some complaints, is probably reasonable--the squatters should not have been there in the first place. More controversial, however, is a scheme to "encourage" people to leave the valley of the Tana River.
E.Such harsh measures (backed, admittedly, by an international ban on all trade in ivory) ap- pear..to have worked. After decades of decline, the elephant population in Kenya has sta- bilised, and even begun to creep up again.
F.This scheme means that Kenyas national parks are, in effect, declaring independence from the rest of the country. They will be surrounded by fences and defended by border guards. Those fences, which will often be electrified, will, of course, serve to keep the animals in and thus stop them damaging the crops on surrounding farms. But their main purpose is to keep unwanted humans out.
参考答案：
Part B
对于理查德·利基——肯尼亚野生动物保护局(KWS)的负责人来说，保护区往往是一种用另一种方式延续的战争。在担任代理主任的第一个任期内，他发起了“格杀勿论”的政策来对付非法狩猎者。他还正式烧毁了所有没收的走私象牙。正如批评者所指出的，缴获的非法所得本.可以修建十几所新学校。
66.
这些严厉的措施(诚然，是在国际象牙贸易禁令的授权下)似乎已经奏效。经过几十年的持续下降后，肯尼亚的大象数量已经
稳定下来，甚至开始有所回升。八个月前，他继任执行主席(1994年，他辞职进入政界，后与丹尼尔·阿拉普·莫伊——肯尼亚总统发生冲突，回到了原有的职位)。但是，时间并没有磨平他。这次，他的做法几乎就像“射杀非法猎人”那样受人非议。在KWS的保护下，用重兵防守保护区边界，他称之为“难以突破的界限”。
67.
这个方案实际上意味着把肯尼亚的国家公园从全国其他地区独立出来。它的四周将由国栏和边防军把守。"-3然，那些通常带电的围篱往往会阻止动物的进入，从而阻止他们破坏周围农场的作物。但它们的主要目的是防止闲杂人等进入。对于环保主义者来说，野生动物和人在何种程度上可以共存一直是一个困扰的问题。他们中有些人认为和平共处是可能的，特别是通过旅游业来支付这些动物的生存成本，而且过量的动物也可以用来当做食物。但其他人，总体上虽然愿意认同自然万物的生存必须付出代价，但怀疑这样会给一些人而不是那些实际威胁动物的人带来好处，从而使私利这只看不见的手破坏关于保护动物的任何努力。
68.
利基博士似乎采取了第二种方法。至少就他所看管的动物而言，他是这么做的。他知道只有他们给旅游业(肯尼亚最大的出口盈利途径之一)带来收入，他们的行动才会受到政府的支持。而要想成为一个产业项目，就必须应用产业的公共政策。他指出，西方政府为了一个计划会毫不犹豫地强制购买土地。只要该计划符合公众利益(如一个水电站大坝)。那么，为什么类似的方法就并不适用于以旅游为卖点的野生动物保护区?
首先实施这种想法的地方就是纳库鲁湖。它的四周都是居民区，因此它的边界变得很“模糊”。现在，幸亏一个两米高的围墙使这些边界又清晰可见了。那些一直占用政府土地的人不得不离开。
69.
也就是说，虽然必定会产生一些抱怨，这种做法可能也是合理的。占地者当初就不应该在那里。更具有争议的一个计划是“鼓励”人们离开塔纳河的山谷。这个山谷是两种珍稀猴子——红疣猴和塔纳河白眉的家乡。在它被宣布为保护区之前，人们就已经生活在那里，但最近几年，人群的数量在不断扩展。因此，在利基博士看来，灵长类动物的一种必须要离开。他认为是人。塔纳河安置方案应该是自愿的，并配有诸如为新的学校、供水和诊所提供资金支持之类的激励措施。
70.
但仍有一些当地人宁愿留下来。从理论上讲，他们有权这么做。但他们将不得不忍受一系列旨在改善猴子生活而让人类不舒服的限制措施。例如，人类不能砍伐树木.人类活动将被严格控制。其表达的信息非常清楚：“请离开。”“难以突破的界限”是否能起到与“格杀勿论”一样效果，还有待观察。但这一政策无疑是有风险的。离开土地的人记忆长存，一旦政治风云变幻，他们可能会把这些记忆转化为行动。即使在欧洲，那些被水库淹没家园的人仍然悼念他们失去的村庄，一旦有机会他们还会回去。大坝——和那些支撑着他们的观点——将会过时。
66.E【精析】这一段是上一段的扩展：第一段的最后一句讲到了理查德·利基正式烧毁国家没收走私的象牙库存，下一段介绍这一做法所带来的影响就是肯尼亚大象数量的稳定和日趋上升，故选E。
67.F【精析】从段际关系来分析，需要抓住的关键信息是上一段中的“it is a system of heavily defended frontiers for the areas under theKWS’protection，which he refers to as hard edges”，下一段自然要提到该计划的具体内容，故选F。
68.C【精析】从段际关系来分析，需要抓住的关键信息是下一段中的“The first place to be the target of this attitude is Lake Nakuru”，上一段自然介绍的是何种态度，C项最后一句提出了这种态度，故选C。
69.D【精析】此题通过上下文词语的共现关系来确定。上一段的最后一句出现关键词“squatting”，而D项第一句就含有“squatters”与上一段的关键词对应，故选D。
70.A【精析】从段际关系来分析，这段要起到承上启下的作用。上一段主要讲到了塔纳河安置方案，而下一段对“难以突破的界限”是否能起到与“格杀勿论”一样的效果，还有待观察。因此，A项就是一个很好的过渡段，有人不接受塔纳河的安置方案，这样做的后果还有待观察，故选A。
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