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2016公共英语二级短文理解真题练习及答案
短文理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.、B.、C.、D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Text l
It' s a time when school, homework, active social lives and part-time jobs keep teenagers (少年 ) busy from early in the morning until late at night. They are likely to try to make up for a lack of sleep by "sleeping in" on the weekends. Unfortunately, this causes irregular sleep and actually makes the problem worse.
Most teenagers are not able to fall asleep until late at night. Since many teens aren't sleepy until around 11 p.m., but need to be at school by 7: 30 or 8: 00 a. m., they cannot get enough sleep. During puberty(青春期), the biological clock in the brain naturally re-sets to a later time, and this causes teens to fall asleep later. Then, when it' s time to get up, a teen' s body clock is likely to still be producing the night-time hormones(荷尔蒙). This makes it hard for them to feel active and energetic in the morning.
A growing body of research suggests that starting high school later improves attendance, achievements and grades. A few years ago in an important study, test scores on the SAT college entrance exams in Edina, Minnesota jumped more than 100 points on average, when the morning school bell rang an hour later. Unfortunately, most schools are not set up to start later and fail to satisfy teen's sleep needs.
21. What effect does "sleeping in" on the weekends have on teenagers?
A. Improving their health.
B. Weakening their energy.
C. Disturbing their biological clock.
D. Making up for their hormone loss.
22. The study in Minnesota shows that starting morning school one hour later helps to________.
A. make teenagers grow faster
B. change teenagers' sleep needs
C. do more research on teenagers
D. improve students' achievements
23. The text helps us to know more about teenagers'
A. daytime activities
B. sleeping habits
C. mental problems
D. studying methods
参考译文
这是一个学校、家庭作业、丰富的社交生活和兼职工作都会让青少年们从早上忙到深夜的时代。他们可能会试图通过周末“睡懒觉”来弥补平日睡眠的不足。不幸的是，这样做会导致睡眠不规律进而使问题更严重。大多数青少年要到很晚才能入睡，因为他们在夜里ll点之前都不会有困意，但又必须确保次日早上7：30或8：O0到校，所以得不到足够的睡眠。在青春期，大脑中的生物钟会自然地把睡眠时间自动调整到晚些时候，而这会导致青少年入睡更晚。于是，到该起床的时候，青少年的身体可能还在分泌夜间荷尔蒙，这使他们很难在早上精神抖擞。
越来越多的研究表明，中学上课时间的推迟可以提高出勤率、学习效果和分数。几年前一个重要的研究课题显示，当早间上课时间推迟一个小时.明尼苏达州伊代纳市的SAT大学入学考试平均成绩提高了100多分。遗憾的是，大多数学校都没有重新设置到校时间，从而也没有满足青少年的睡眠需求。
参考答案
21.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“周末‘睡懒觉’对青少年有何影响?”由第一段末旬“makes the problem worse”可知影响是负面的;由第二段第三句“the biological clock…re—sets…，causes teens to fall asleep later.”可知，这个负面影响主要是生物钟被重置，即为遭到破坏或扰乱。A选项完全有悖原文，B选项“削弱精力”和睡懒觉无关，D选项“弥补荷尔蒙缺失”在原文中未曾提及。故C正确。
22.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“明尼苏达州的研究表明，早问上课时间推迟一个小时有助于。”原文最后一段提到，该地区SAT大学入学考试平均成绩提高(jump)了100多分，由此可见，D选项“提高学生成绩”是正确答案。另外三个选项“促进青少年成长”、“改变青少年睡眠需求”、“针对青少年做更多的研究”在原文中都未曾提及。故D正确二
23。B【精析】主旨题。题于意为“本文有助于我们了解更多青少年的。”阅读原文可知，本文在重点讲述青少年的睡眠问题，包括导致青少年睡眠晚的原因，睡眠推迟带来的负面影响(如扰乱生物钟、导致睡眠不足、影响出勤率和学习效果等)，继而提出可以通过上课时间推迟来满足睡眠需求。全文始终在围绕青少年的睡眠问题展开。故B正确。
Text 2
Chicago's Children's Hospital is the lucky receiver of a surprise $18 million gift from Gladys Holm. She once was a secretary who never earned more than $15,000 a year and never married. She lived alone in a small flat in Chicago, and was a volunteer at the Children's Hospital. She was called the "Teddy Bear Lady" because she brought toy animals to sick children on her regular visits. But Miss Holm, who died in 1996 at the age of 86, was also a long-time buyer of stocks ( 股票). Over the years, she saved money that rose up to $18 million, which she left to the Children's Hospital. It was the largest single donation in the hospital's ll5-year history. The hospital president, Jan Jennings, was shocked when she heard the news. "When Miss Holm's lawyer called to tell me how much that money was, I asked him to repeat it, since I was certain I had miss heard"
Why did Gladys Holm feel so strongly about the Children's Hospital? Jennings said the hospital first touched Miss Holm's heart nearly 50 years ago, when doctors there saved the life of her friend's daughter. She never forgot' the happiness she felt all those years ago.
Holm's gift will he devoted to heart disease research. People at the hospital said they regretted that-they couldn't thank Miss Holm for the surprising gift.
24. According to the text, Miss Holm built up her fortune by.
A. playing Teddy Bear Lady
B. working as a secretary
C. helping in the hospital
D. buying stocks
25.Why did Jan Jennings ask the lawyer to repeat what he said?
A. She never expected Miss Holm would donate anything.
B. She wanted to make sure who Gladys Holm was.
C. She had seldom received donations before.
D. She thought there was a mistake.
26. Miss Holm's love for the Children's Hospital grew from
A. a happy life living with children
B. a satisfying job given by the hospital
C. an unforgettable experience many years ago
D. a valuable gift she received from the hospital
27. How will the donated money be used?
A. To build up a new children's hospital.
B. To help sick children and their parents.
C. To improve research on heart disease.
D. To buy more toys for sick children.
参考译文
芝加哥儿童医院幸运地收到由Gladys Holm女士捐赠的高达1800万美元的善款。Holm女士曾是一位秘书，每年收入不超过l.5万美元，终身未婚。她独自居住在芝加哥的一间小公寓，曾是儿童医院的一位志愿者。她被称为“泰迪熊女士”，因为她总是定期去医院做志愿者并且每次都给生病的孩子带去动物玩偶。但Holm女士在1996年以86岁高龄去世之前.还长期购买股票。这些年她存下的钱已经达到l800万美元，她把这笔钱全部留给了芝加哥儿童医院。这是该院建院ll5年以来收到的单笔金额最高的捐赠款。该院院长Jan Jennings听到这个消息时非常惊讶，她说：“当Holm女士的律师打电话告诉我这笔钱金额有多大时，我让他又重复了一次，因为我觉得我肯定听错了。”
为何Gladys Holm女士对芝加哥儿童医院感情如此深厚?Jennings说该院第一次感动到Holm女士是在大约50年前，当时那里的医生挽救了她朋友的女儿的生命。她后来一直都未曾忘记当年她所感受到的那种幸福和快乐。
Holm女士的捐赠款项将被投入到心脏疾病的研究。医院的工作人员说他们很遗憾不能当面向Holm女士表达他们对她此次慷慨捐赠的谢意。
参考答案
24.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“根据本文内容，Holm女士通过——积累了她的资产。”从第一段第二句话可知，她的职业是秘书，年收入不超过1.5万美元，故B选项靠秘书工作积累是错误的。C选项是她的善举，与资产的累积无关。文章第一段第四句话提到“Teddy Bear Lady”是人们对她的昵称，不是表演，故A选项也错误。第一段第五句话“a long.time buyer of stocks”以及第六句话“she saved money that lose up to…”可知，她的这笔巨款是靠多年购买股票的增值，故D正确。
25.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“Jan Jennings为何让律师重复一次他说的话?”从第一段末句中的“since I Was certain I had misheard”可知，是因为数额巨大她不敢相信，以为自己听错了，故D为正确答案、A选项意为“她从未想到Holm女士会捐赠任何东西”，文中未提及。B选项意为“她想要确定Holm女士是谁”，院长对Holm女士很熟悉，甚至知道50年前的渊源，无需确定：C选项“她以前很少接受到捐赠”错误，只是很少接收到单笔数额这么高的捐赠。故D正确。
26.C【精析】归纳题。题干意为“Holm女士对儿童医院的爱起源于”，从第二段第二句话“…first touched…heart nearly 50years ago…saved the life of her friend’S daughter”可知.是源于50年前该医院挽救了Holm女士朋友的女儿，故C选项“很多年前一次难忘的经历”符合题意。故C正确。
27.C【精析】细节题：题干意为“这笔捐赠款项将怎样使用?”。由末段首句“Holm’s gift will be donated to heart disease research.”可知，C选项符合题意。故c正确。
Text 3
We feel it is important to start reading to your child right from the start--the younger the better! With little ones (children from birth to 4 ) it is very important to read and reread books. Starting early makes the job of the listener (for you will be teaching your child how to listen) easier, as it helps to develop an early love of the written and spoken word.
We believe that you should read aloud to your child at least once every day. Set a special reading time during the day or evening when you can settle down and enjoy a book, without interruption. For most families, reading aloud at bedtime is a common practice.
We understand that it can be quite discouraging to read to a child who takes no interest. Take heart! Learning to listen takes experience. The more you read, the more your child will learn to sit for a story. Children have a natural development of responses(反应) to your reading. By the time your child reaches 6-7 months, s/he is attracted by the book in your hand, and would like to test it out by using it as a chew(咀嚼) toy. This is natural! By one year, your child is learning to listen and talk about the pages, often shouting out things s/he recognizes. Encourage this! And at the onset(起始) of walking, you have your biggest challenge yet. Your child is always on the go. You need to set your reading time for a time in the day when your child is preparing to settle down. This means bedtime. Remember, it is your right and. duty to teach your child about the power of, books. Of course, it doesn't happen overnight, but the returns are great!
28. Who does "the listener" in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The writer.
B. The child.
C. The parent.
D. The teacher.
29. The best time of the day to read stories to a child is
A. when the child is still active in the early evening
B. when the parents finish the day's housework
C. when the child has chew toy to play with
D. when the child is quiet and peaceful
30. Parents may find it most difficult to read to their child when s/he
A. is 6- 7 months old
B. is one year old
C. starts to walk
D. starts to talk
参考译文
我们认为从一开始就读书给孩子听很重要——孩子越小，效果越好。对于小宝宝(从出生到四个月)，读书和反复读书很重要。早日开始读书可以使孩子听得更容易(你在读书时也是在教孩子怎么去听)，因为这有助于培养孩子对书面文字和口头语言的早期热爱。
我们认为每日至少一次对孩子大声读书很有必要。每日或每晚安顿好之后安排一段特定的阅读时间，不受干扰地阅读一本书。对于大多数家庭，晚上睡觉前大声阅读是一种常见的做法。
我们理解，对着一个不感兴趣的孩子读书是一件让人沮丧的事情。但是用心点!学习听需要体验，你读的越多，你的孩子就越能学会坐下
来认真听一个故事。孩子对你的阅读会自然地产生反应。当孩子六、七个月大时，他/她会被你手中的书吸引，并且会把书当作是咀嚼玩具采品尝它的味道。这是天性。到一岁时，你的孩子就在学着听甚至讲书中的内容了，他们常常喊出他/她认识的某些东西。请鼓励这种做法!当孩子开始走路时，你才开始最大的挑战。孩子会一直跑来跑去。你需要把阅读时间安排在孩子准备安静下来的时候，即睡觉时间。切记，让孩子体会到书籍的力量是你的权利和职责。当然，这非一日之功，但回馈将是巨大的。
参考答案
28.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“第一段中的‘the listener’指谁?”这篇文章主要在讲给小孩读书的重要性以及方法。由第一段中“the listener”后面括号中的补充内容“因为你在教给你的孩子怎样去听”可知，这里的listener是指你的孩子。故B正确。
29.D【精析】推断题。题干意为“一天中最适合给孩子读故事的时间是。”第二段第四句话和第三段倒数第四句话均提到阅读时间，并且都用“settle down”，该词组意为“安定下来，平静下来”，对应D选项中的“quiet and peaceful”。故D正确。
30.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“当孩子——时，父母可能会发现给他们读书最难。”由第三段第十句话“you have your biggest challenge”可以确定答案在此处，由该句的前半句“at the onset of walking”可知答案。故C正确.
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