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2017年公共英语四级模拟训练试题
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Part C
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 51 —— 55, choose the most suitable one from the list [A] —— [ G ] to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,52, and of a riverboat casino ( a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor eaming$ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $ 20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user' s gambling activities. For Williams,those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin. "
(51) In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March
1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a" time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams' s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams' s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a "cease admissions" letter.
Noting the "medical/psychological" nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(52) .
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning : "'Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head, not over it". Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams' s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was "helplessly addicted to gambling", intentionally worked to "lure" him to"engage in conduct against his will. " Well.
(53) .
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says "pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(54) . Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(55) .
Forty-four states have lotteries,29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on--you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3.5 billion being lost on Internetwagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web' s most profitable business.
A. Although no such evidence was presented, the casino' s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
B. It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
C. By the time he had lost $ 5,000 he said to himseff that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5,500, but he did not quit.
D. Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
E. David Williams' s suit should trouble this gambling nation, But don' t bet on it.
F. It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
G. The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Intemet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
参考译文
印第安纳,k11的埃文斯座落在俄亥俄河的北岸，它是52岁的大卫·威廉姆斯的家乡，也是一家河船赌场的所在地。就在这家赌场，威廉姆斯，一名年薪35，000美元的州政府审计员，几年赌博下来，输掉了大约175，000美元。他以前从未进行过赌博，后来赌场送给他一张价值20美元的赌博优惠券，他便沾上了赌。
他第一次去赌场，输掉了那20美元后就离开了。第二次，他输掉了800美元。赌场把他看作优质顾客，发给他一张“开心卡”，在赌场使用时可赢得积分，换取食物和饮料。同时，该卡也可以使赌场跟踪持卡人的赌博活动。对威廉姆斯而言，这些赌博活动成为他所谓的“电子”。
(51)输到5，000美元时，他对自己说，如果能够把输掉的钱赢回来，就不赌了。一天晚上：他赢了5：500美元：但是并没盔就此停手。1997年，他两天之内就在一台赌博的机上输掉了21，000美元。到了三月份，他又输掉了72，186美元。有时候他同时在两台赌博的机上赌，通宵达旦.一直到早晨5点赌船靠岸，然后等到赌场上午9点开放时他又回到船上继续赌。现在，他正起诉该赌场，指控其明明知道他已经赌博上瘾，就应该阻止他继续光顾。赌场的确知道他已经赌博成瘾。
1998年3月，威廉姆斯的一个朋友将他强制送进了戒赌治疗中心接受治疗，并且写信告知那家赌场有关威康姆斯赌博上瘾的问题。赌场将威廉姆斯的照片放入被禁止去赌博人员的名单中，并给他写了一封“禁赌通知书”。通知书在指明赌博行为对人健康和心理造成危害的同时，还提到，如果他要再次光顾赌场，必须出示医疗或心理状况信息。以证明光顾赌场不会对他的安全和健康造成任何威胁。
(52)尽管他没有出示相关证明，赌场的市场部仍不断地给他发邮件，而且他又进入赌场并使用了开心卡也无人察觉。
据《华尔街日报》报道，那个赌场内有24个警告标志：“尽享欢乐…赌博时要用脑子，不要冲昏头脑”。每张入场券上都印有印第安纳州心理健康部门的免费咨询电话号码。然而，威廉姆斯的诉讼指控赌场，明明知道他“不可救药地沉溺于赌博”，仍然故意“引诱”他“做出违背自己意愿的行为”。
(53)不清楚到底是什么样的诱惑使他做出这种不能自控的行为，而且在何种意义上他的意志才会起作用?
《心理疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版中这样写道，“病态赌博行为”指的是持续地、反复地且无法自控地追求意外横财，这种追求更多的是寻求冒险刺激，并非仅仅是为了钱。
(54)令人不安的是，社会越来越倾向于用医学的方法来处理行为问题，过去更为严厉的前辈们解释为“意志力薄弱”的行为，现在通常被定义为“沉溺症”。在科学或者所谓“科学”的推动下，社会正将之前被视为性格缺陷、道德沦丧的现象重新划分为类似于生理障碍的人格疾病。
(55)赌博一直是美国人生活中的一个司空见惯的现象，但是长期以来，人们通常把它视作是一种罪过或者一种社会疾病。而现在赌博却成为一项社会政策：在美国，对赌博最重要、最积极的推动者就是政府。
美国有44个州发行彩票，29个州开设赌场，而且这些州大多在不同程度上依赖或者说是“沉溺于”来自于赌博的收入。自从1995年第一家在线赌博网站建立以来，争夺赌徒手中金钱的竞争变得更加激烈。《新闻周刊}10月28日报道说，每周有200万赌徒光顾1，800家虚拟赌场。因今年共有35亿美元丢到了网络赌博中，赌博业已经超过色情业成为网络上利润最大的行业。
答案及解析
51.C 【解析】本题是顺接关系题。该空格位于第三段的开头，因此要结合上下文，注意其叙述或衔接关系。空格前后都是在讲述威廉姆斯赌博的具体事例，且出现了大量的数字，由前文的$20和$800再到空格后的$21，000和$72，185，数字越来越大，这表明他越赌输掉的钱就越多。由此可推断，空白处也应与他的输赢或输赢的数目有关。浏览各选项，只有C出现了数字$5，000 和$5，500，与前后文的数字形成照应。另外，从逻辑关系上看，空格前一句提到，威廉姆斯称这些赌博活动为“电子”，接下来的内容该是具体说明他是如何逐步赌博成瘾的，这由输钱金额的渐增体现出来。C选项的事实数据与上下文在逻辑表达方向上一致。
52.A 【解析】本题是转折关系题。该空格出现在第五段，要求填入一个完整的段落。空格前的内容谈到在朋友写信告知那家赌场有关威廉姆斯赌博上瘾的问题后，赌场似乎已经尽到了它的义务：将其列入了禁止进入赌场的名单，并提到他若再次进入此赌场需出示相关医学和心理学信息，以证明光顾赌场不会对他的安全和健康造成任何威胁。但实际上从下一段内容得知，赌场在明知他上瘾的情况下并未采取行动。选项A段落即由“al-though”引起转折，提到尽管威廉姆斯没有提供相关证据，但还是频频收到赌场市场部的邮件，而且进入赌场使用开心卡也无人察觉，继续说明了赌场的行为：表面上禁止，却仍在暗中鼓励他赌博。如此一来，与之前内容构成了转折关系。另外，该选项中的“Although no such evidence was presented”和上文中的“he would have to present medical/psychological information”语义上衔接紧密，“such evidence”与“medical/psychological informa-tion”形成合理的指代关系，构成篇章的一致性。
53.B 【解析】本题是顺接关系题。该空格出现在第七段，也要求填入一个完整的段落。空格前面谈到威廉姆斯对赌场的控诉，明明知道赌徒已经“不可救药地沉溺于赌博”仍然故意“引诱”(1ure)他“做出违背自己意愿(will)的行为”。空格后引出一个新话题介绍“病态赌博行为”的一个定义。按照逻辑关系，空格处的内容应与上一段或下一段相关。浏览各选项，可以发现，选项B中“…what luring was required…was his will operative”再次出现了关键词“lure”和“will”，对前面的内容进一步作了补充和说明，且提出问题让下一段回答，正好起到了承上启下的作用。F项 虽然也再次出现了前一句的“will”，但“用医学的方法来处理行 为问题”与前一段语义上不衔接，故排除。G项提到了“compul-sive behavior”，但其中的新话题“在线赌博”也与上文不衔接。
54.F 【解析】本题是顺接关系题。该空格属于第九段的段首句。空格前面提到了“病态赌博行为”的一个定义。空格后则指出“socie-ty is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.”社会对性格缺陷或道德沦丧的新看法。即上下文都从理论上谈及赌博，与赌场或赌徒的具体行为不相关，所以可以排除A、C、E三项。根据上下文的衔接关系又可将D、G两项排除，因为其中 都引入了新信息：政府与网上赌博。8项的“compulsive behav-ior”虽与前面的“uncontrollable”相呼应，却与下文没有任何关 联。而F项内容上也谈到了社会对意志力薄弱这一行为的新看 法，与前后文都具有意义和逻辑上的一致性。此外，该选项的 “defining as…”与空格后的“reclassifying…as…”结构类似，且 “medicalize”与上文的“diagnostic，mental disorders，，pathologi-cal”和空格后的“physical”都是属于医学范畴的词;“weakness of will”与空格后的“character flaws”这一信息相关。
55.D 【解析】本题是顺接关系题。此空格出现在第十段，要求填入一个完整的段落。空格前面主要介绍了社会现在对“病态赌博行为”的定义。空格后面则具体描述了赌博在美国的发展情况以及导致这一现象的原因。根据逻辑关系分析，空格处的内容可 能会起到承上启下的作用。分析各选项，可发现，D选项的第一 句内容“…a common feature of American life…a sin，or a social disease”正好承接上文，和下文的具体例子之间也构成了总结例证的逻辑关系，其中“a sin，or a social disease”与前一句的“char-acter flaws or moral failings”相照应;第二句则引出了下一段所描述的赌博业蓬勃发展的现象，且“government”与下一段首句的“states”照应。
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