全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读考试预测试题2017
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Part D
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
56) Fathers exposed to poisonous substances are probably just as likely to be the cause of defects in their unborn infants as mothers. Yet it is women who are told to stop drinking and smoking and to look after their health when they are pregnant. And it is women who find that they are banned from jobs where they are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation.57) Despite a growing body of scientific evidence that a man' s exposure to damaging substances can. affect his offspring, pregnant women are still charged with the responsibility of keeping their infants healthy, said Gladys Friedler, of the Boston university School of Medicine. "This is puzzling", she said. "Most of the workforce is still male, so why do we still spend so much time looking at women? The health of men as well as women should be of concern. "
In the US,2,500,000 children are born with birth defects each year. In 60 percent of cases the origin of the defect is not known.58) These figures do not include less obvious problems that appear later in development, such as biochemical malfunctions and behavioral problems.
Many researchers still seem reluctant to contemplate that a man' s environment can influence the health of children. "If the effects had not been so obvious, we might still be reluctant to acknowledge the effect of environmental agents on women. " Despite this, there is a reluctance to accept the accumulated evidence of men' s effects on development, she said.59) Some companies have already taken steps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they teps to "protect the unborn child" by excluding women from jobs where they might be exposed to dangerous substances. This has led to some bitter disputes between the women and their employers in the US. The most famous case, now before the Supreme Court, pits a group of women and their union against Johnson Controls, a company which makes batteries.60) The company transferred women from higher-paying jobs where they were exposed to lead on the grounds that it had to protect unborn children. The irony is that children born to men working in the factory are probably just as much at risk.
Part D
56.【译文】和母亲一样，父亲如果接触了有毒物质，同样可能造成未出生 婴儿的先天缺陷。
【解题要点】句子结构是简单句，exposcd to poisonous substances是分词短语，做fathers的后置定语，翻译时应译成主动动宾结构，“父亲接 触有毒物质”。
57.【译文】波士顿大学医学院的格拉迪丝·弗里德说，尽管有越来越多的科学证据表明男人接触有害物质会影响他的后代，但孕妇仍承担 着维护未出生的婴儿健康的责任。
【解题要点】句子结构是主从复合句，despite引导让步状语从句，译成“尽管…”，这一从句中套了个that引导的evidence的同位语从句。 be charged with意为“对…负责”。
58.【译文】这些数字不包括在后来的发育中才出现的不那么明显的'问题，如生化机能障碍和行为问题。
【解题要点】句子结构是主从复合句，以that为界，前半句为主句，后半句为定语从句。such as是用来列举前面所提到的问题。整个句子 采取直译即可。
59.【译文】有些公司已采取措施不让妇女从事可能接触危险物质的工作，以便“保护未出生的孩子”。
【解题要点】句子结构是主从复合句。从some companies到jobs是主旬，to protect the unborn child是目的状语，解释为什么要采取措施。 by excludin9…是介词短语，说明“如何来保护”。where后引导说明 job的定语从句，即“什么样的工作岗位”。
60.【译文】这家公司将妇女调离易受铅毒的高薪工作岗位，理由是公司 必须保护未出生的孩子。
【解题要点】句子结构是主从复合句。where引导的是定语从句，说明job，主旬谓语是transfer，transfer sb.from意为“把某人调离”。0n the grounds是固定词组，意为“根据…”。这个句子应采用顺序翻译 方法，只要把where引导的定语从句提前到所修饰的词前，作为定 语，合译就行了。
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