全国英语等级考试三级真题及答案
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全国英语等级考试三级真题及答案
阅读 Part A
Directions:
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Today there are three different kinds of New Yorkers: the people who act as if they were born here; the people who are here and wish to be elsewhere; and the collection of virtual New Yorkers all over the world, who wish they were hying in New York. These are the three States of mind and what they have in common are longing and illusion. In fact, it s a city of dreamers.
What makes New York special? New Yorkers are convinced of its speciainess--but Toronto is more diverse, London is larger, Washington is more powerful. So why does New York think it s the capital of the world?
People often explain the problems in European cities by citing inequality. But New York today is one of the most unequal cities in America. In 2010, 1 percent of New Yorkers earned 45 percent of its income. That works out to an average of $ 3.7 million a year for the city s top 34,500 households. The average daily income of this group is greater than the average annual income of the citys bottom 10 percent.
So why would people still come to try their luck in this tough place? Is it opportunity or illu- sion that draws them?
They come because any newcomer can find a place in the hierarchy of New York. If you look at a New York City restaurant, for example, the cook might be French, the people washing dishes might be Mexican, the hostess might be Russian, the owner might be British. They arc not all equal. They earn different rates. But they work together to get food to hungry people.
What New York demonstrates is this: immigration works. The city can use its immigrants, even the illegal ones. Though they broke the law by illegally crossing the borders, the city s econ- omy would be a shell of itself had they not, and it would collapse if they were deported. Attracted here by the founding myth of the city, each immigrant is seeking to escape from history, personal and political. For him, New York is the city of the second chance.
46. The writer mentions the three kinds of New Yorkers to stress that_______
A. they share the same longingB. they are in pursuit of dreams
C. they are proud of their birthplace D. they wish to live in another place
47. In the eyes of New Yorkers, their city is_______
A. powerful
B. diverse
C. special
D. large
48. The figures in paragraph 3 are given to show that New York_______
A. favors the lucky
B. favors tue locals
C. is a city of inequality
D. is a city of opportunities
49. People keep coming to New York because they can find jobs that_______
A. challenge them
B. suit them well
C. pay them well
D. raise their status
50. It is hnplied in the text that New York is_______
A. a tolerant city
B. a wealthy city
C. a mythical city
D. a historical city
当今有三种不同类型的纽约人：第一种表现得好像他们生来就在纽约;第二种虽然在纽约却希望生活在别处;第三种是来自世界各地的一群希望生活在纽约的虚拟纽约人。这是三种不同的心态，其共同点是憧憬和幻想。事实上，这是一座梦想家的城市。
是什么使得纽约与众不同?纽约人确信纽约是独一无二的—但是多伦多更加多元化，伦敦更大，华盛顿更有权势。那么，为什么纽约认为自己是世界之都呢?人们常常说欧洲的城市问题是不平等。但是当今的纽约是美国最不平等的城市之一。2010年，l%的纽约人的收入占到全纽约的45%。这意味着这个城市最有钱的34，500个家庭的平均年收入是370万美元。这个群体平均日收入要多于这个城市最贫穷的l0%的人的平均年收入。那么，为什么仍然有人愿意到这样一个不平等的地方来碰运气呢?吸引他们来到这里的是机会还是幻觉?他们来到这里是因为任何新来者都可以在纽约的不同层级中找到自己的位置。例如，你随便看一家纽约的饭店，他们的厨师可能是法国人，洗盘子的可能是墨西哥人，女服务员可能是俄罗斯人，店主人可能是英国人。他们并不完全平等。他们赚得不同的收入。但是他们一起工作把食物提供给饥饿的人们。纽约向我们展示的是：移民很有用。这座城市利用它的移民，甚至非法移民。虽然他们非法跨越边境破坏了法律，但是如果他们不那样做，这座城市的经济将只是一个空壳，如果把他们驱逐出境，这座城市的经济也会崩溃。被这座城市的传说所吸引，每个移民都想到这里来寻求一种对过去、个人以及政治生活的解脱。对于这样的移民来说，纽约是给了他第二次生命的城市。
46.B【精析】主旨题。根据第一段内容可知，当今有三种不同类型的纽约人：第一种表现得好像他们生来就在纽约;第二种虽然在纽约却希望生活在别处;第三种是来自全世界的一群希望生活在纽约的虚拟的纽约人。这是三种不同的心态，其共同点是憧憬和幻想。事实上，这是一座梦想家的城市。故选B。
47.C 【精析】细节题。根据第二段第一、二句话：什么使得纽约与众不同?纽约人确信纽约是独一无二的。故选C。
48.C【精析】细节题。根据第三段第二句话：但是当今的纽约是美国最不平等的城市之一。故选C。
49.B【精析】细节题。根据第五段第一句话：他们来到这里是因为任何新来者都可以在纽约的不同层级中找到自己的位置。故选B。
50.A【精析】推断题。根据最后一段可知，纽约吸纳了各种移民者(不论是否合法)来促进自己城市的经济发展。由此可以推知，纽约是一个宽容的城市，故选A。
英语三级考试试卷真题及答案
SECTIONⅡReading(50 minutes)
Part A
Directions:Read the following two texts.Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
In 1997,25 Japanese citizens,all older than 60,launched Jeeba(the name means“old man and old woman”)to make senior-friendly products.They knew they were making history when they coined their company motto:“Of the elderly,by the elderly and for the elderly.”They do not hire young people,and the oldest of their workers is 75.
Firms run by senior citizens are still a rarity,in Japan and worldwide.But the elderly have numbers on their side.Healthier and longer-living seniors,born immediately after World WarⅡ,are reaching retirement age in huge numbers all over the developed world.Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place.One likely consequence is now clear:shrinking work forces.
While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs,those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing shortage of young workers.One unavoidable solution:putting older people back to work,whether they like it or not.Indeed,advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages.Others are under severe pressure to follow suit,as both the European Commission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recently warned their members that their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.
Whether these changes are good or bad news to workers depends on whether they anticipate retirement with eagerness or dread.In the United States,half of working-age Americans now expect to work into their 70s,whether by financial necessity or by lifestyle choice,according to a new study by Putnam Investments.
Contrary to still widespread assumptions,there is very little hard evidence to suggest that companies cannot stay competitive with a rising share of older workers.At British hardware chain B&Q,its“elder worker”stores in Manchester and Exmouth were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets-due in part,the company says,to six times less employee turnover and 60 percent less shoplifting and breakage.
26.Jeebas difference from a conventional company mainly lies in ________.
[A]the age of its employees B.the number of its owners
[C]the quality of its products[D]the scope of its operations
参考答案:A
参考解析:由“They do not hire young people,and the oldest of their workers is 75.”可以得出答案.
27.In the developed world,compared with young people,the elderly________.
[A]are better at business B.are greater in number
[C]have healthier lifestyles[D]have more job opportunities
参考答案:B
参考解析:由“Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place.”可以得出答案.
28.According to the writer,in the current situation companies are faced with the tough task of ________.
[A]creating good positions B.employing retired workers
[C]filling vacant positions[D]replacing unskilled workers
参考答案:B
参考解析:由“those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing shortage of young workers.One unavoidable solution:putting older people back to work,whether they like it or not.”可以得出答案.
29.For future prosperity,many European countries will have to ________.
[A]increase the number of young workers
B.offer many senior-friendly jobs
[C]improve services for seniors
[D]raise their retirement ages
参考答案:D
参考解析:由“Indeed,advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages.;their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.”可以得出答案.
30.B&Qs“elder worker”stores are mentioned to show that the employment of older workers ________.
[A]does not reduce a company’s competitiveness
[B]does not affect older workers’lifestyle choices
[C]is not a usual practice among competitive firms
[D]is not good news to those who are eager to retire
参考答案:A
参考解析:由“were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets”可以得出答案.
Text 2
One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter’s kindergarten report card.She got high praise for her reading,vocabulary and overall enthusiasm.On the other hand,we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer,though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts.A number system indicates how she’s measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing.
All of which seems to make my daughter’s school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to the debate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids.At one level,the advantages and disadvantages are obvious.A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school-and how he or she is getting on compared to other children.But as writer Sue Ferguson notes,“Grades can deceive.”The aim should be“to measure learning,not simply what a student can recall on a test.”The two aren’t the same---and if you doubt that as an adult,ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high-school-level examinations.
If youre old enough,you’ve lived through this debate before.At one time,it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided.The intention behind that may have been good,but it ignored the fact that competition,and the will to come out on top,are essential components of the human condition.
This time around,educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different reasons.The thing is,that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children.Many workplaces conduct regular employee evaluations.There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those evaluations-and even then,negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee.No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system,then,the real question is this:if it’s so good for kids,why isn’t that also true for adults?
31.The school report indicates that the writer’s daughter_______.
[A]lacks interest in her school work
[B]ranks among the best at language
[C]has some trouble with her handwriting
[D]needs to improve in math and computer skills
参考答案:D
参考解析:由“she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer”可以得出答案.
32.We can learn that the girl,s school tries to deliver the report________.
[A]in a positive way B.in a scientific way
[C]in an attractive way[D]in an enthusiastic way
参考答案:A
参考解析:由“though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts”可以得出答案.
33.Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus on_______.
[A]the process of getting the knowledge
B.the capability of memorizing for the test
[C]the procedure of measuring learning
[D]the standard of comparing schools
参考答案:B
参考解析:由“The aim should be“to measure learning,not simply what a student can recall on a test.”可以得出答案.
34.The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition is ________.
[A]fit for human development B.fit for their age and experience
[C]against a key part of human nature[D]out of consideration for children
参考答案:C
参考解析:由“but it ignored the fact that competition,and the will to come out on top,are essential components of the human condition”可以得出答案.
35.It can be learned that todays educators supporting the no-grades approach insist that________.
[A]kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluations
B.the traditional teacher-student relationship be changed
[C]the evaluation system for kids be similar to that for adults
[D]strict rules be set up in evaluating school children
参考答案:B
参考解析:由“that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children;if it’s so good for kids”可以得出答案.
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