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2014年高考新题型指导（语法填空）
语篇型语法填空是全国新课标卷2014年新增题型，这一题型的出现改变了以往用单项填空来考查语法的形式，代之以在短文或者在以具体生活情境为内容的对话中考查语法的灵活运用，难度显然要高于原来的单项填空。
语法填空又称之为开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。
一、题型特点
本题型是在一篇200词左右的语篇中空出10个空，要求考生在理解上下文情景的基础上，根据单词提示写出单词的正确形式，或根据对原文的理解填入适当的内容，所填内容不超过三个词。本题每小题1.5分，满分15分。
语法填空同时具有单项填空和完形填空两种题型的特点。单项填空侧重考查学生对基础知识的掌握程度，但它局限于考查词汇和语法知识在简单情境中的运用，对学生实际运用语言知识的能力的考查有限。和单项填空相比，语法填空则侧重考查语言知识在具体篇章或对话中的运用，更加强调语言的交际功能。完形填空仅侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中的运用过程，而语法填空除了考查词汇外，更侧重考查功能语法，即侧重考查语言的交际功能。从题型的形式看，完形填空给出的四个选项中必有一个供学生选择的正确选项，而语法填空只给出空缺，没有选项，要求学生根据语境和自身已掌握的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对学生的语言知识的提取和运用提出了更高的要求。
二、答题技巧
解答语篇型语法填空，考生需要具有全局观，首先掌握文章的内容和主题，然后合理地运用所学语法及词汇知识进行解题。
1. 通读全文或者对话，理解大意。
浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语以及应该采用什么样的语法形式。
如果是对话形式，考生首先要确定对话双方的人物关系以及谈话的主要情境、语气等，这样有利于对空白处细节的理解和把握。
如果是短文形式，在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(话题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落层次等。对这些问题的了解，有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
2. 边读边填，先易后难。
在通读全文、基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来或无法确定的题目，先跳过去，不要花费太多的时间停留在一个空上。这些空着的题目，有可能后面的内容会给出提示，或者在核查时进一步联系上下文进行推理。
3. 验证复查，清除难点。
在答题时间充足的情况下，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文或对话中并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
三、精题精练
掌握了“题型特点”和“答题技巧”，语法填空题究竟怎么考，还只是停留在理论层面。作为一个新题型，语法填空想要在高考中取得高分，还需要大量的练习。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入适当的单词形式或用括号中词语的正确形式填空，每空不超过三个单词。
例一、对话体
Mum: (putting on her coat) I'm going to have to go down to the shop for
more bread.
Alan: Why?
Mum: I'm not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and
left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone
must have taken them because they're 3 (go).
Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I'm sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early).
Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5 (make) them,
so he couldn't have done it. 6 , he couldn't carry a plate of
sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I'm sure 7 wasn't him.
Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasn't me. But Mum, look! Are these
your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8 fridge?
Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 (put) them in there when the
phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I
put on my coat?
例二、短文体
One of my father's favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (职业). 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get 5 (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I'll try it; 9 I don't like it I can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.
例一答案：
1. happened 2. when 3. gone 4. earlier 5. making
6. Anyway 7. it 8. the 9. must have put 10. mind/memory
例二答案：
1. sayings 2. whatever 3. acceptance 4. Actually 5. married
6. have been 7.beginning 8. different 9. if 10. earlier
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