实用高中英语短语与句型
在日常学习、工作抑或是生活中，大家最不陌生的就是句子了吧，句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语六种。那么你有真正了解过句子吗？以下是小编精心整理的实用高中英语短语与句型，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
高中英语短语与句型 1
1、about
1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：
What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么?
He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。
be about to do sth
(1) 即将，马上(不与具体时间状语连用)。如：
Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。
(2) 打算，有意(主要见于美国英语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：
I’m not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。
I’m not about to stop when I’m so close to success. 现在我已接近要成功了，我不打算放弃。
3. How [What] about (doing) sth?
(1) 用于征求意见，意为：你认为(做)某事怎么样? 如：
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样?
What about a game of table tennis? 打场乒乓球怎么样?
(2) 询问情况或打听消息，意为：(做)某事怎么样? 如：
What about that matter the other day? 早几天的那件事怎么样了?
(3) 表示讽刺或挖苦，意为：你做某事又作何解释? 你做某事又怎么说? 如：
A：I have never had an accident while driving. 我开车从未出过事。
B：How about that time you ran into a lamppost? 那次你撞到路灯上又怎么解释呢?
注：有时用于人。如：
I’m ready. What about you? 我已准备好了，你呢?
How about Mother? Is she all right? 妈妈怎么样? 她好吗?
2、above
1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：
Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不诚实。
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但现在首先要告诉我要去做什么。
2. be above one (one’s head) 太高深，无法理解。如：
The book is above the boy. 这个孩子读不懂这本书。
The lecture was above the heads of most students. 这个讲座大部分学生理解不了。
3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：
Don’t get above yourself. 不要自以为了不起。
Now he is getting far above himself. 他现在有变得狂妄了。
3、absence
absence
1. in (during) one’s absence / in (during) the absence of
(1) 当某人不在时。如：
Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的时候，请照看一下我的房子。
In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 经理不在时，由我负责。
(2) (由于)缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情况下。如：
Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在无氧情况下不能生存，动物也是一样。
He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于没有别的证据，他只好认为那是真实的。
2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：
Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能会导致糟糕的结果。
4、absent
1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：
He was absent from the meeting. 他没有参加会议。
比较(注意介词不同导致含义的变化)：
He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在别处)。
He is absent in Beijing. 他不在这里而在北京。
2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：
He absented himself from the meeting. 他没有出席会议。
Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课?
5、accident
1. by accident 偶然地，无意中。如：
I found it by accident. 我是无意中找到它的。
Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲大陆。
注：by accident 主要用作状语，有时也用作表语。如：
Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我们在巴黎见面是个巧合。
2. by accident of 因为……的机会，由于……的运气。如：
By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。
3. without accident 平安无事地。如：
That night passed without accident. 一夜平安无事。
The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到达那儿。
6、according
1. according as 根据，随……而定(后接从句)。如：
Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。
According as you are studying now, you won’t make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看，你不会有多大的进步。
2. according to
(1) 根据，按照(主要引出状语)。如：
Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。
According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是五点钟。
Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。
注：according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如：
依我看，这部电影很不错。
正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful.
误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.
误：According to me, the film is wonderful.
(2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表语)。如：
It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。
7、account
1. by (from) all accounts 据说，据报道，根据各方面所说。如：
He is a great football player, from all accounts. 据说他是个很不了起的足球运动员。
I’ve never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从未去过那地方，但听说那地方很好。
2. on account of 因为，由于。如：
He couldn’t come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前来。
On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我们商店停止营业。
3. on all accounts (on every account) 总之，无论如何。如：
On all accounts you must go. 总之，你一定得去。
It is best to stay here on every account. 总之，留在这儿是最好的。
4. on no accounts 绝不，无论如何都不。如：
My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。
I will never do such a thing on any account. 无论如何我决不做这样的事。
若置于句首，句子要用倒装句式。如：
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
5. on one’s account 为了某人的缘故。如：
Don’t put off the meeting on my account. 不要为了我而把会议推迟。
I didn’t tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的关系，我没有把这消息告诉她。
6. take sth into account 考虑，注意。如：
You should take the expenses into account. 你应该把费用考虑进去。
When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account. 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。
有时 sth 较长，也可放在后面。如：
We must take into account the boy’s long illness. 我们必须考虑到这个孩子已经病了很久。
有时也可说成 take account of sth。如：
You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account. 你必须考虑到这个事实。
8、act
1. act as (临时)担任，充当，起……的作用。如：
A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导。
表示担任独一无二的职务，其前通常不用冠词。如：
He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理。
I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as
interpreter. 我不懂他们的语言，你得当翻译了。
2. act for 代理(某人职务)，代为(处理某事)。如：
Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。
I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。
3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来。如：
Let’s act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧。
4. act on (upon) 对……起作用，对……有效。如：
The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效。
Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响。
5. in the act (of) 当场，正在动作时。如：
He was in the very act of starting. 他正准备动身。
He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住。
9、action
1. in action 在活动中，在进行中，在运转中，在战斗中。如：
I’ve heard he’s an excellent player but I’ve never seen him in action. 我听说他是位高手，但还从未实地见过。
The machine is now in action. 机器正在运转。
He was killed in action in France. 他在法国阵亡。
2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：
The engine is out of action. 发动机出了故障。
I’ve been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已经好几个星期没有工作了。
3. take action 采取行动。如：
I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我该采取行动的时候了。
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须采取行动阻止火势蔓延。
10、add
1. add in 包括。如：
Don’t forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。
Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗?
2. add to 增加。如：
This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。
It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴。
3. add up
(1) 加起来。如：
You haven’t added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。
(2) 有意义，有道理(主要用于口语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：
His excuse just doesn’t add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。
What he said doesn’t add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。
4. add up to
(1) 加起来等于，总计。如：
The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。
The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。
(2) 总起来看说明了。如：
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。
The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。
11、addition
1. in addition 此外，另外，还有。如：
I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其它一些人。
You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。
2. in addition to 除……之外。如：
We play football in addition to basketball. 除了篮球外，我们还踢足球。
In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。
In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我还给你买了件衬衫。
注：in addition to 中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。如：
In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。
另外，当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的.主语保持一致。如：
The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。
12、admire
1. admire sb for sth 因为某事情而佩服某人
We admire him for his bravery. 我们佩服他的勇敢。
I admire him for his success in business. 我们佩服他事来有成。
注：有时以上句型可以简写，如上面两句的 him for 也可省略，即第一句可说成：We admire his bravery.
13、admit
1. admit of 容许有，有……的余地，有……的可能。如：
The matter admits of no delay. 此事刻不容缓。
The word admits of no other meaning in the case. 该词在此例中不可能有其它的意义。
2. admit to 承认。如：
He admitted to the murder. 他供认了谋杀罪。
He admitted to having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。
注：由于 admit 表示“承认”可用作及物动词或不及物动词，所以上面各例中的介词 to 有时也可省略(省略 to 后 admit 为及物动词)。
3. admit…to (into) 允许进入，使能进入。如：
They admitted him to [into] their organization. 他们接受他参加了他们的组织。
How many students have been admitted into the school this year? 今年这所学校有多少学生入学?
试比较(注意介词不同)：
He was admitted to (into) the Party. 他被吸收入党。
He was admitted as a Party member. 他被接纳为党员。
14、advance
1. in advance 事先，提前。如：
The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。
Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好了。
2. in advance of 在……前面，超过，比……进步。如：
She walked in advance of her husband. 她走在她丈夫前面。
He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遥遥领先。
3. on the advance (物价)在上涨。如：
Silk is on the advance. 丝绸价格在上涨。
15、advantage
1. have the (an) advantage over (of) 优于，比……占有优势。如：
He has an advantage over me for he knows some French. 由于他懂点法语，所以比我的条件有利。
You have the advantage over (of) me in experience. 你经验比我丰富。
有时用动词 gain, get 等。如：
They gained an advantage over the enemy. 他们比敌人占优势。
2. take advantage of
(1) 利用(机会、时机等)。如：
They took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis. 他们利用好天气去打了网球。
(2) 利用(某人的处境、弱点等)。如：
He always took full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. 他总是充分利用对手所犯的错误。
(3) 欺骗(某人)，捉弄(某人)，占(某人的)便宜。如：
He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是在占我的便宜。
3. to sb’s advantage对某人有利。如：
The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前的世界形势对我们有利。
It will be to your advantage to study abroad. 出国学习将对你有利。
16、advertise
1. advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人。如：
He advertised for his missing wallet. 他登广告寻找他丢失的钱包。
I must advertise for a new secretary. 我必须登广告招聘一位新秘书。
有时可后接不定式的复合结构。如：
We should advertise for someone to do it. 我们应该登广告找一个人来做此事。
注：advertise for 表示“登广告征求或寻找”，而不表示“为……而登广告”，要表示后者只需用 advertise 即可(即不能用介词 for)。如：
People advertise things which they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。
Jobs are advertised in the papers. 报纸上登有招聘广告。
高中英语短语与句型 2
1、as 句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
宁愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
4、seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
5、表示“相差…;增加了..;增加到..”句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6、what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7、too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me. 这课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8、where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例：I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
10、would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例：Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11、before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12、强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13、用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
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