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英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析（通用5套）
无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们最少不了的就是试题了，试题可以帮助主办方了解考生某方面的知识或技能状况。一份好的试题都是什么样子的呢？下面是小编收集整理的英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析 1
Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer)
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage.Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders….Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A]7
[B]8
[C]9
[D]10
2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?
[A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
[B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
[C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
[D]His purpose is to steal important data.
3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?
[A]Sabotage of a university computer.
[B]Sabotage of a hospital computer.
[C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
[D]Sabotage of a factory computer.
4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?
[A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
[B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
[C]The computer can replace any weapons.
[D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1.bizarre 奇怪的
2.vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3.cripple 使瘫痪，削弱
4.fence 贼市，脏品买卖处
5.neutralize 使成为无效
6.affluent 富裕的
7.recordkeeping 记录存贮
8.havoc 浩劫，大破坏
9.resort to 求助于，借助于
10.motivate 作为……的动机，激发
11.extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子
12.sprout 萌发迅速发展
13.awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14.vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱
15.devastation 劫持，破坏
16.hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17.hit man 职业凶手(杀手)
18.pool 集中(资金)合办，入股
19.criminology 犯罪学，刑事学
难句译注
1.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
[参考译文] 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
[结构简析] 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
[参考译文] 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
[结构简析] 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
[参考译文] 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.
[结构简析] 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用too…to 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。
[参考译文] 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。
写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息(数据)犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解
1.B.8种，具体罪行。见难句译注1。
2.B.他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注2及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”
A.削弱公司运转能力。 C.在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。 D.偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。
3.C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。
A.大学 B.医院 D.工厂。 这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.
4.B.犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为21世纪的事业杀手。”
A.杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀? C.计算机可以取代任何武器。 D.计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。
第1章听力理解
1.1大纲要求
1测试要求
（1）能听懂真实交际场合中的各类会话、讲话。
（2）能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答。
（3）能理解所听材料的大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图。
（4）能做较为完整的笔记。
（5）考试时间25分钟。
测试形式
本部分为填空题和选择题形式，分两节：Section A和Section B，共20题。
Section A：Mini-lecture
本部分由一个约900个单词的讲座和一项填空任务组成。要求学生边听边作笔记，然后完成填空任务。答题时间10分钟。本部分共10题。
Section B：Conversation or Interview
本部分由一个约1000个单词的会话或两个约500个单词的会话组成。会话后有10道选择题。
本部分每道题后有10秒的间隙，要求学生听到问题后从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，念一遍。
测试目的
测试学生获取口头信息的能力。
试题特点
（1）难度上
专八听力是历届考生相对失分较多的题型，尤其是记笔记填空的Mini-lecture部分，在其他英语考试中并不多见，难度较大。另外，Interview部分的问题改为录音播放，这就要求考生不仅要听懂讲座的内容，还需听懂问题。
（2）选材上
a．讲座部分的内容与英语专业方向课程相关。
b．会话部分的内容与学生的日常生活、社会和学习活动相关。
c．听力材料难度为中等偏上。
（3）语音语速上
专八听力发音为标准的英音及美音，基本不会涉及方言；大纲规定听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，需注意的是有时语速要快于这个速度。
高频词汇（4次以上）
Word List 1
appropriate [prprt] adj. 恰如其分的，适当的；特有的.‖ vt. 拨出（款项）；挪用，盗用
【例句】①A suggestion to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate, rather than just sit around and worry. 要减轻压力，一个建议是要适时地制定计划，并去实施，而非无所事事，整日忧虑。（2014-TEM 8）②He was accused of appropriating club funds. 他被控告挪用俱乐部基金。
【派生】appropriately adv. 适当地，合适地；相称地
content [kntent] adj. 满足的，满意的‖ n. 容量，含量；内容；满足；（书等的）目录
【例句】The magazine’s familiar table of contents will be replaced with a photograph. 杂志原先熟悉的目录表将被替换成一张照片。（2000-TEM 8）
【搭配】be content to/with 满足于……
【派生】contented adj. 满足的；心安的‖contentment n. 满足；满意‖contention n. 争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张
available [velbl] adj. 有空的；可利用的；可得到的；可见到的
【例句】Recent surveys report that more than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries. 近日调查指出，高校的图书馆中有3亿册书籍可供使用。（2000-TEM 8）
【搭配】available for 可用于……的；对……有效的‖available from 可向……购买
【派生】availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
physical [fzkl] adj. 物质的；有形的；身体的；自然(界)的；物理的
【例句】Modern companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency. 现代公司非常重视公司的实体环境，以营造一种有助于提高工作效率的氛围。（2003-TEM 8）
exhibition [eksbn] n. 展览会；展览(品)，陈列品；表现；表演；显示
【例句】In 1946, Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1946年，摩尔在纽约现代艺术博物馆举办了他的首场国外回顾展。（2003-TEM 8）
【搭配】make an exhibition of oneself 当众出丑‖on exhibition 展出中
advantage [dvɑ:ntd] n. 优势；益处；利益
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析 2
In the modern world, technology plays an integral role in our daily lives. It has transformed almost every aspect of our existence, from how we communicate to how we work and even how we think. With the advent of the internet, information is now at our fingertips, allowing us to learn about anything with just a few clicks.
However, the rapid advancement of technology has also raised concerns. Many people worry about the effects of social media on mental health, particularly among young people. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to anxiety, depression, and a decrease in face-to-face interactions. Additionally, the omnipresence of smartphones has made it difficult for individuals to disconnect from work, leading to burnout.
Despite these challenges, technology continues to bring benefits. For instance, online learning platforms have made education more accessible, opening doors for those who may not have had the opportunity otherwise. Furthermore, telemedicine has revolutionized healthcare, allowing patients to consult with doctors from the comfort of their homes.
In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly improved our lives in many ways, it is essential for individuals to find a balance. This balance involves utilizing the advantages of technology while being aware of its potential downsides.
1. What is one major concern about the impact of social media mentioned in the passage?
A) It enhances communication skills.
B) It can lead to mental health issues.
C) It reduces work efficiency.
D) It makes learning easier.
2. What is one benefit of technology discussed in the passage?
A) It has eliminated the need for face-to-face interactions.
B) It has made education and healthcare more accessible.
C) It has increased anxiety and depression among people.
D) It has reduced the amount of information available.
3. According to the passage, what is essential for individuals regarding technology?
A) To use it at all times for maximum benefit.
B) To completely disconnect from it to avoid burnout.
C) To find a balance between using it and managing its downsides.
D) To focus solely on its positive aspects.
答案
1. B) It can lead to mental health issues.
2. B) It has made education and healthcare more accessible.
3. C) To find a balance between using it and managing its downsides.
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析 3
In recent years, the phenomenon of "digital nomadism" has increasingly gained popularity, especially among young professionals. This lifestyle allows individuals to work remotely, often while traveling to various destinations around the globe. The rise of technological advancements and a surge in freelance opportunities have facilitated this shift from traditional office settings to more flexible work arrangements.
Digital nomads enjoy numerous benefits, including the ability to explore new cultures, live in exotic locations, and maintain a better work-life balance. However, this lifestyle also comes with its challenges. The lack of a stable home base can lead to feelings of isolation and instability. Moreover, managing work responsibilities while traveling requires exceptional organizational skills and self-discipline.
Despite these challenges, many find the rewards to be worth the risks. The freedom to choose where and how to work can lead to increased job satisfaction and creativity. As this trend continues to grow, some companies are beginning to embrace remote work policies, recognizing that productivity is often enhanced when employees have the freedom to work in environments that inspire them.
Questions:
1. What is the primary reason for the rise of digital nomadism according to the passage?
A. The increasing number of travel opportunities
B. The popularity of freelance jobs and technology
C. The demand for traditional office settings
D. The desire for more structured work hours
2. What are some challenges faced by digital nomads as mentioned in the passage?
A. High travel costs and unstable income
B. Feelings of isolation and the need for self-discipline
C. Limited job opportunities and lack of freedom
D. Difficulty in managing different time zones
3. According to the passage, what is one potential benefit of the digital nomad lifestyle?
A. Guaranteed job security
B. Enhanced productivity through stable environments
C. Opportunities to explore new cultures
D. Fixed work hours
答案与解析
1. B - The passage states that the rise of technological advancements and a surge in freelance opportunities have facilitated the shift to digital nomadism, making this the correct choice.
2. B - The passage discusses challenges such as feelings of isolation and the need for exceptional organizational skills and self-discipline, making option B the right answer.
3. C - One of the benefits of the digital nomad lifestyle according to the passage is the opportunity to explore new cultures, making option C correct.
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析 4
The concept of the sharing economy has been around for decades, but it has exploded in popularity in recent years, thanks in large part to the rise of digital platforms. These platforms have made it easier than ever for people to share resources, whether its a spare room in their house (through Airbnb), a car (via Zipcar or Turo), or their time and skills (on TaskRabbit or Upwork).
The sharing economy is often lauded for its potential to make more efficient use of resources. For example, instead of every household owning a rarely - used power drill, a neighbor could borrow one through a sharing platform. This reduces the need for over - production and over - consumption of goods, which can have environmental benefits. Additionally, the sharing economy can provide economic opportunities for individuals who may not have access to traditional employment. A person can earn extra income by renting out their car or offering their services on a gig - based platform.
However, the sharing economy is not without its challenges. One of the main issues is regulation. Since many sharing economy platforms operate in a gray area between traditional business models and more informal sharing arrangements, it can be difficult for regulators to keep up. For instance, Airbnb has faced numerous battles with local governments over issues such as zoning laws (as many hosts may be operating in residential areas without proper commercial licenses), and tax collection.
Another concern is the potential for exploitation. Workers in the gig economy, which is a large part of the sharing economy, often lack the protections and benefits that traditional employees enjoy. They may not have access to health insurance, paid vacation, or a minimum wage. There have also been reports of unfair treatment and discrimination on some sharing platforms, both from the side of providers and consumers.
1. What is the main reason for the recent popularity of the sharing economy?
A. Peoples increased environmental awareness.
B. The rise of digital platforms.
C. The need for more economic opportunities.
D. The desire to reduce over - consumption.
2. According to the passage, what is one of the environmental benefits of the sharing economy?
A. It encourages the production of more energy - efficient goods.
B. It reduces the need for over - production of rarely - used items.
C. It promotes the use of renewable resources.
D. It helps households save on energy costs.
3. What is a challenge faced by regulators in relation to the sharing economy?
A. The sharing economy platforms are too large to regulate.
B. The sharing economy operates in a way that is difficult to classify and regulate.
C. There are too many different types of sharing economy platforms.
D. The sharing economy is constantly changing, making regulation impossible.
4. Workers in the gig economy may face which of the following problems?
A. They have to pay higher taxes.
B. They are not allowed to take vacations.
C. They lack certain employment - related protections and benefits.
D. They are often discriminated against by traditional employees.
Passage 2
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in recent years, infiltrating various aspects of our lives, from voice - activated assistants like Siri and Alexa to self - driving cars. AI systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem - solving, and decision - making.
One of the most significant applications of AI is in the field of healthcare. AI - powered diagnostic tools can analyze medical images, such as X - rays and MRIs, with a high level of accuracy. They can detect early signs of diseases like cancer, often before human doctors can. This early detection can significantly improve patient outcomes as treatment can start at an earlier stage.
In the financial sector, AI is used for fraud detection. Banks and financial institutions can analyze vast amounts of transaction data in real - time. AI algorithms can identify unusual patterns that may indicate fraudulent activity, such as a sudden large transfer from an account that has a history of small - scale transactions. This helps to protect both the institutions and their customers from financial losses.
However, the rise of AI also brings some concerns. One major concern is the potential for job displacement. As AI systems can perform tasks more efficiently in some cases, there is a fear that many jobs currently done by humans will be taken over. For example, in manufacturing, robots powered by AI can assemble products with high precision, reducing the need for human labor on the assembly line.
Another concern is the ethical implications of AI. For instance, if an AI - based decision - making system makes a wrong decision, it can be difficult to determine who is responsible - the developers of the system, the users, or the system itself. There are also issues related to bias in AI algorithms. If the data used to train an AI system is biased, the system may produce unfair or discriminatory results.
1. What is the main function of AI systems according to the passage?
A. To replace human intelligence completely.
B. To perform tasks requiring human intelligence.
C. To make humans more intelligent.
D. To control all aspects of human life.
2. In healthcare, how does AI contribute to patient outcomes?
A. By replacing human doctors completely.
B. By making medical treatment less expensive.
C. By detecting diseases at an early stage.
D. By providing emotional support to patients.
3. How does AI help in the financial sector?
A. By increasing the interest rates for customers.
B. By providing financial advice to customers.
C. By detecting fraud through analyzing transaction data.
D. By promoting more investment opportunities.
4. What are the concerns about AI mentioned in the passage?
A. Only job displacement.
B. Only ethical implications.
C. Job displacement and ethical implications.
D. Neither job displacement nor ethical implications.
答案
Passage 1
1. B。根据第一段 “The concept of the sharing economy has been around for decades, but it has exploded in popularity in recent years, thanks in large part to the rise of digital platforms.”可知，共享经济近年来流行的主要原因是数字平台的兴起，故选B。
2. B。由第二段 “For example, instead of every household owning a rarely - used power drill, a neighbor could borrow one through a sharing platform. This reduces the need for over - production and over - consumption of goods, which can have environmental benefits.”可知，共享经济的一个环境效益是减少了对很少使用物品的过度生产的需求，故选B。
3. B。根据第三段 “Since many sharing economy platforms operate in a gray area between traditional business models and more informal sharing arrangements, it can be difficult for regulators to keep up.”可知，监管者面临的一个挑战是共享经济的运营方式难以分类和监管，故选B。
4. C。从第四段 “Workers in the gig economy, which is a large part of the sharing economy, often lack the protections and benefits that traditional employees enjoy.”可知，零工经济中的工人可能缺乏与就业相关的保护和福利，故选C。
Passage 2
1. B。根据第一段 “AI systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem - solving, and decision - making.”可知，人工智能系统的.主要功能是执行需要人类智慧的任务，故选B。
2. C。由第二段 “AI - powered diagnostic tools can analyze medical images, such as X - rays and MRIs, with a high level of accuracy. They can detect early signs of diseases like cancer, often before human doctors can. This early detection can significantly improve patient outcomes as treatment can start at an earlier stage.”可知，在医疗保健领域，人工智能通过早期检测疾病来改善患者的治疗效果，故选C。
3. C。根据第三段 “In the financial sector, AI is used for fraud detection. Banks and financial institutions can analyze vast amounts of transaction data in real - time. AI algorithms can identify unusual patterns that may indicate fraudulent activity...”可知，人工智能在金融领域通过分析交易数据来检测欺诈行为，故选C。
4. C。从第四段 “However, the rise of AI also brings some concerns. One major concern is the potential for job displacement... Another concern is the ethical implications of AI...”可知，文中提到的对人工智能的担忧包括工作岗位的取代和伦理影响，故选C。
英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析 5
In recent years, environmental conservation has become a topic of paramount importance. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, human activities have severely impacted the natural environment. Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and loss of biodiversity are some of the critical issues that threaten our planet.
One significant aspect of environmental conservation is sustainable development. Sustainable development ensures that the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection, ensuring that natural resources are used responsibly.
Education plays a crucial role in promoting environmental awareness. By educating individuals about the effects of environmental degradation and the importance of conservation, we can inspire a collective effort to protect our planet. Schools, communities, and governments must work together to implement programs that encourage eco-friendly practices, such as recycling, conservation of water, and energy efficiency.
Another critical element is government policy. Policies that promote renewable energy sources, protect natural habitats, and regulate emissions can significantly reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment. International cooperation is also vital, as environmental issues often transcend national borders. Countries must work together to address global challenges like climate change and wildlife trafficking.
In conclusion, environmental conservation is essential for ensuring a sustainable future. Through education, responsible policies, and international cooperation, we can work together to protect the environment and preserve it for future generations.
问题：
1. What are some major issues threatening the environment mentioned in the article?
2. What is the primary goal of sustainable development?
3. How can education contribute to environmental conservation?
4. Why is government policy important in environmental conservation?
5. What is the overall message of the article?
答案：
1. The major issues threatening the environment mentioned in the article include deforestation, pollution, climate change, and loss of biodiversity.
2. The primary goal of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3. Education contributes to environmental conservation by raising awareness about the effects of environmental degradation and inspiring individuals to adopt eco-friendly practices.
4. Government policy is important in environmental conservation because it can promote renewable energy sources, protect natural habitats, and regulate emissions, thereby reducing the negative impacts of human activities on the environment.
5. The overall message of the article is that environmental conservation is essential for a sustainable future, and it requires education, responsible policies, and international cooperation.
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