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大学英语四级写作指导：“介词+反身代词”的常用搭配
在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家一定都接触过作文吧，借助作文可以宣泄心中的情感，调节自己的心情。那么一般作文是怎么写的呢？下面是小编为大家整理的作文大学英语四级写作指导：“介词+反身代词”的常用搭配，欢迎大家分享。
大学英语四级写作指导：“介词+反身代词”的搭配
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。
反身代词经常和介词有一些重要的搭配，接下来让我们来看看这些例子吧!
to oneself
该搭配的基本意思是“独自地”“单独地”“给自己用”，通常与某些动词配合使用，其含义也往往受所搭配动词意思的影响。如：
1. cry to oneself 哭着对自己说
Oh Ned, Nancy cried to herself, why did you have to leave me? 哦，内德，南希还哭着对自己说，你为什么一定得离开我呢?
2. have something to oneself 独自享用某物
I have the whole day to myself. 今天整天都是属于我自己的。
among oneself
该搭配中的反身代词通常为ourselves, themselves，且通常与动词agree, argue, quarrel, decide, divide, talk 等搭配，表示“彼此”“互相”“……之间”之类的意思。如：
They were busy arguing among themselves. 他们忙着互相争论。
We were always quarrelling among ourselves. 我们之间老是互相争吵。
They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话。
Volunteers divided the different jobs among themselves. 志愿者们分担各种不同的工作。
The trainees decide among themselves what programs to take. 受训者自行选择所学课程。
The trouble was they couldn’t agree among themselves. 麻烦的是他们自己不能取得一致的意见。
有时也与discussion, dispute等名词搭配。如：
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
They tried to settle disputes among themselves. 他们试图解决彼此之间的纠纷。
between ourselves
该搭配为英语中的固定短语，意思是“勿与外人道私下说的话”“咱们私下说说(不足为外人道)”等，在具体语境中通常可以有比较灵活的翻译。如：
All this is between ourselves. 这些我们只是私下说说。
Between ourselves, I think she’s a bit of a fool. 你可别对别人说啊，我觉得她有点儿傻。
Between ourselves, I don’t think he will live much longer. 咱们私下说说，他活不久了。
Between ourselves. I think Mr. Holmes had not quite got over his illness yet. 我们私下说说，我认为福尔摩斯先生病还没完全好。
有时也说成between you and me，意思一样。如：
Between you and me, I think he’s rather stupid. 这是我们私下里说的话，我认为他很笨。
by oneself
该短语有以下三个意思：
一是表示“单独地”“独自地”，与alone同义。如：
I often like to spend time by myself. 我平常喜欢独自消磨时间。
The dog was in the house by itself for several days. 狗在房子里单独呆了几天。
She is old enough to travel by herself. 她已经到了可以自己出门旅行的年龄了。
表示此义时有时还可用作表语。如：
My mother is by herself, so I must go home now. 我妈一个人在家，因此我得回家了。
二是表示“靠自己”“无他人帮助”，与without help同义。如：
I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成这件事的。
John managed to repair his car by himself. 约翰设法独力修理自己的汽车。
There are many things one must do by oneself without depending on others. 有许多事情你必须自己去做，不能依靠别人。
三是表示“自动地”，主要用于 by itself，意思相当于automatically。如：
This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一台自动工作的机器。
The door opens by itself as you approach it. 当你靠近时候门就会自动打开。
The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 机器在几秒钟后会自动开启。
for oneself
该搭配主要有两个方面的意思：
一是表示“自己”“亲自”。如：
You can judge for yourself. 你可以自己做出判断。
He has a fight to decide for himself. 他有权自己做决定。
He demanded the right to decide for himself. 他要求得到自己做决定的权力。
二是表示“为自己”“替自己”。如：
He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己诉苦。
He acted without thought for himself. 他那样做的时候并没考虑到自己。
She’s no shrinking violet—always ready to speak up for herself. 她可不胆小——任何场合都能为自己说话。
in itself
该搭配的意思是“本质上”“实质上”“本身”。如：
He is not bad in himself. 他本质不坏。
The idea is not bad in itself. 这主意本身不错。
Threading a needle is an art in itself. 穿针引线本身就是一种技巧。
You’ve managed to complete the course—that in itself is an achievement. 你设法修完了课程——这本身就是成绩。
英语四级的写作句式
1.表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
2.表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that...
2）No one can deny the fact that...
3）There is no denying the fact that...
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5）However，that’s not the case.
例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
3.表示比较
1）Compared with A，B...
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3）There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
4.表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from...to...
2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.
例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
5.表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.
2）People have different opinions on this problem.
3）People take different views of（on）the question.
4）Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers. 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
6.表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ...
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ...
例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved. 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
7.套语
1）It’s well known to us that ...
2）As is known to us，...
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ...
5）As aproverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.
例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
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