初中英语常见错误之H系列
错题本是中考英语的高分秘籍。他能让我们总结错误思路,得到正确答案,大大提高我们的分数。以下是YJBYS的小编为大家整理的初中英语常见错误之H系列。希望对大家的学习能有所帮助!
had better
[误] You have better hurry.
[正] You had better hurry.
[析] had better只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。
[误] You hadn't better worry.
[正] You had better not worry.
[析] had better后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。
half
[误] I had driven about half mile.
[正] I had driven about half a mile.
[析] "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day,"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year,而应用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.
[误] Half us could go to the park.
[正] Half of us could go to the park.
[析] half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.
[误] One and half apples are left on the table.
[正] One and half apples is left on the table.
[析] 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。
[误] Half of the work are done.
[正] Half of the work is done.
[误] Half of the six apples is red.
[正] Half of the six apples are red.
[析] "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。
hand
[误] He shook hand with his teacher.
[正] He shook hands with his teacher.
[析] 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:change hands (转手、易手),in the hands of (由……控制),join hands (与人合作)。
happen
[误] What was happened to you last month
[正] What happened to you last month
[误] An accident was happened in this street last night.
[正] An accident happened in this street last night.
[析] 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.
hard
[误] I have to study hardly.
[正] I have to study hard.
[析] hard是形容词,如:a hard work,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。
[误] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.
[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.
[析] hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
have
[误] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.
[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.
[析] 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。
[误] I have my bike to repair.
[正] I have my bike repaired.
[析] have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)
[误] Could you give me some money if you have.
[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.
[析] "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:I want some books if there is any.
headache
[误] I've got headache.
[正] I've got a headache.
[析] Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。
hear
[误] He was heard sing in the next room.
[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.
[析] hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为:She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。
hear listen to
hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listen to则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.
但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意,如:I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意:I often hear from my girl friend.
help
[误] Please help my homework.
[正] Please help me do my homework.
[正] Please help me with my homework.
[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。
[误] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.
[正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.
[析] can't help doing something是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。
[误] Help yourself with some cakes.
[正] Help yourself to some cakes.
[析] 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用help somebody to something.
here
[误] Here the bus comes!
[正] Here comes the bus!
[析] 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Here we are!
high
[误] He is very high.
[正] He is very tall.
[析] 英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。
hit
[误] The mother got angry and hit the boy.
[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.
[析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。
home
[误] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.
[正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.
[析] home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)
home house family
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲a letter from home,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:My family are all like swimming.
homgwork
[误] I have so many homework to do today.
[正] I have so much homework go do today.
[析] homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,health information等。
hope
[误] I hope you to be a good student.
[正] I hope you will be a good student.
[析] hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:I wish you to be a good student.
[误] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.
[正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.
[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not.
[误] I hope your help.
[正] I hope for your help.
[析] hope for为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。
[误] I was hopeful to pass the exam.
[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.
[析] 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。
hospital
[误] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.
[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.
[析] in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为go to school,at school为"在校就读",go to bed为"上床睡觉"。
how
[误] I want to know how to do.
[正] I want to know how to do it.
[析] how 是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.
[误] How do you think about it
[正] What do you think about it
[析] 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。
hurry
[误] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.
[正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.
[误] Don't worry. There is little time left.
[正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.
[析] 请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"
[误] The car is hurrying through the street.
[正] The car is rushing throught the street.
[析] hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。
hundred
[误] There are two hundreds people here.
[正] There are two hundred people here.
[误] There are hundred of people here.
[正] There are hundreds of people here.
[析] hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundreds of是数百的,这一词组一定要加s.
hurt
[误] I don't want to wound her feelings.
[正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.
[析] wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。
拓展:中考英语作文常见错误
1、审题不清
如某一年的中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为"我最喜欢的活动",偏离了"一项、课外活动"这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2、拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3、名词单复数问题
误:My father and my mother is all teacher.
正:My father and my mother are both teachers.
4、缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成,如:"我累了。"这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I'm tired.
误:I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
正:I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
误:The apples cheap、I'll take some.
正:The apples are cheap、I'll take some.
5、缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误:Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
正:Because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
6、代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误之一。
误:I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.
正:My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.
7、句子不完整
有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误:Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college、For example, my friend in high school.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正:Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.
8、前后不一致
所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.
误:When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.
(one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
正:When one has knowledge , he can do what he wants to do.
9、时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。
误:When I get to the station the train leave.
正:When I got to the station the train had left.
10、综合性错误
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。
这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。
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