英语单词

初中英语常见错误之C系列

时间:2024-01-31 19:00:10 剑锋 英语单词 我要投稿
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初中英语常见错误之C系列

  单词是构成语言的三大要素之一,是语言的“建筑材料”,是构建英语知识大厦的基石。在整个英语学习过程中,单词学习的任务是最繁重的。单词掌握多少和熟练程度直接影响运用语言表达思想的准确性, 单词量的多少也直接影响着学生的各方面的能力。小编整理了初中英语常见错误之C系列,欢迎阅读

初中英语常见错误之C系列

  初中英语常见错误之C系列

  call

  [误] Ill call at Mr Brown.

  [正] Ill call on Mr Brown.

  [误] Ill call on Mr Browns home.

  [正] Ill call at Mr Browns home.

  [析] 作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。

  call on drop in visit

  call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If youre free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My schools headmaster will visit America next week.

  can

  [误] A blind man can not judge colours.

  [正] A blind man cannot judge colours.

  [误] I cannt call for you at ten.

  [正] I cant call for you at ten.

  [析] can的否定形式应为cannot或cant.

  [误] Its only six oclock. That mustnt be the postman.

  [正] Its only six oclock. That cant be the postman.

  [析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用cant, 要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"cant+have+过去分词",如:I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.

  [误] We could not help to laugh at once.

  [正] We could not help laughing at once.

  [正] We could not help but laugh at once.

  [析] "couldnt help+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.

  can be able to

  can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。

  can could

  can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story

  care

  [误] I dont care coffee.

  [正] I dont care for coffee.

  [误] Take care for your steps.

  [正] Take care of your steps.

  [析] care for是"对某物感兴趣",而care of是"关心,要当心某事",如:She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.

  [误] I dont care where we will go if it doesnt rain.

  [正] I dont care where we go if it doesnt rain.

  [析] 在it doesnt matter, I dont care, I dont mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:Ive got a football in case we have time for a game.

  change

  [误] I want to change my camera with that one.

  [正] I want to change my camera for that one.

  [析] change for为"以某物为交换物"。而change with则是"随……而变",如:The woods colour changed with the season.

  cheap

  [误] A teachers salary is generally very cheap.

  [正] A teachers salary is generally very low.

  [析] 工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.

  choose

  [误] We each had to have a choose of A or B.

  [正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.

  [析] choice是名词,而choose是动词。

  class

  [误] The class is watching TV.

  [正] The class are watching TV.

  [析] class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.

  clean

  [误] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I cleanly forgot.

  [正] Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I clean forgot.

  [析] clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:The knife doesnt cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Her face is not clean now.

  clever

  [误] Im not clever in English.

  [正] Im not clever at English.

  [析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。

  close

  [误] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.

  [正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.

  [析] 这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。

  [误] Come closely so that I can see you.

  [正] Come close so that I can see you.

  [误] Good teaching and good testing are close related.

  [正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.

  [析] close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。

  [误] My school was quite close from my home.

  [正] My school was quite close to my home.

  [析] "与……接近"是close to…,例如:

  He was close to fifty.

  There is a busstop close to the station.

  close shut turn

  shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。

  cloth

  [误] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.

  [正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.

  [误] I need a lot of clothing.

  Im going to make a new cloth.

  [正] I need a lot of cloth.

  Im going to make a new dress.

  [析] cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲a suit of clothes, 如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。

  coffee

  [误] Please give me two waters.

  [正] Please give me two coffees.

  [正] Please give me two cups of water.

  [析] 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.

  colour(color)

  [误] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.

  [正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.

  [析] 中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Colours of flowers are…,就显得重复了。

  [误] I like green colour.

  [正] I like green.

  [正] I like colour green.

  [析] colour green中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。

  come

  [误] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.

  [正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.

  [析] come across是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.

  [误] Where do you come from

  I come from the station.

  [正] Where did you come from

  I came from the station.

  [正] Where do you come from

  I come from China.

  [析] Where do you come from意为"你是什么地方的人"而Where did you come from则是"你从何处来"

  [误] The stars are coming out from the cloud.

  [正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.

  [析] come out of意为"从……地方出来"。

  come in come into enter

  come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.

  enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.

  congratulate

  [误] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.

  [正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

  [析] 动词congratulate somebody on something是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.

  又如:Congratulations!

  cook

  [误] My father is a good cooker.

  [正] My father is a good cook.

  [析] 很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如workworker,teachteacher. 但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。

  corner

  [误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.

  [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.

  [误] A girl sat at the corner of the room.

  [正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.

  [析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.

  cost

  [误] I cost ten dollars for the book.

  [正] I spent ten dollars on the book.

  [误] I cost two hours to do my homework.

  [正] It took me two hours to do my homework.

  [析] cost, spend. take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something",如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或"somebody+spend+金钱+on something",如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something", 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.

  country

  [误] You can find cows in a country.

  [正] You can find cows in the country.

  [析] country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:

  [误] Farmers live in the countries.

  [正] Farmers live in the country.

  [析] 但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。

  cross

  [误] There are traffic lights at the cross.

  [正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.

  [析] cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。

  [误] The little boy is going to across the street.

  [正] The little boy is going to cross the street.

  [析] across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。

  cross pass

  cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.

  crowd

  [误] The room soon was crowded by people.

  [正] The room soon was crowded with people.

  [析] crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was crowded with books.

  cup

  [误] A silver glass was given to the winner.

  [正] A silver cup was given to the winner.

  [误] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.

  [正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.

  [析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.

  初中英语常见错误之a系列

  able

  [误] This bike is able to be repaired.

  [正] This bike can be repaired.

  [析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:Im able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.

  about

  [误] This class is about to begin just now.

  [正] This class is about to begin.

  [析] 要注意be about to 是"将要"的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.

  about on

  about与on都可以作"关于"讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而:This book is on physics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专着。"

  above

  [误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.

  [正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.

  [析] 表达"在……上方"时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.

  [误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.

  [正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.

  [析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.

  [误] There is a bridge above the river.

  [正] There is a bridge over the river.

  [析] 用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。"

  across

  [误] He ran across the wood.

  [正] He ran through the wood.

  [析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.

  across

  across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为"对面",如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为"横过",如:He walked across the street.

  afraid

  [误] I dontt afraid of him.

  [正] I am not afraid of him.

  [析] 要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。

  after

  [误] Two weeks after he left.

  [正] Two weeks later he left.

  [正] He left after two weeks.

  [析] 要表达"在多少时间之后",英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.

  [误] My father will be back after a few hours.

  [正] My father will be back in a few hours.

  [析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。

  after behind

  after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶",表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于",如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.

  afternoon

  [误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.

  [正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.

  [析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?

  against

  [误] He against me.

  [正] He is against me.

  [析] 要注意against意为"反对",但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody/something.

  against for

  against意为"反对"、"不赞成";而for则意为"同意",为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan?

  age

  [误] He is twenty years old of age.

  [正] He is twenty.

  [正] He is twenty years old.

  [正] He is at the age of twenty.

  ago

  [误] Toms father has been dead five years ago.

  [正] Toms father died five years ago.

  [析] ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,而不要与完成时连用。

  [误] Yesterday I met a friend. We didnt see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

  [正] Yesterday I met a friend. We hadnt seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago.

  [析] 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应用过去时,但不影响主句的时态。

  agree

  [误] Does the teacher agree to us?

  [正] Does the teacher agree with us?

  [误] Does he agree with our plan?

  [正] Does he agree with us?

  [析] agree with 指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如:Do you agree to the plan?

  all

  [误] The old man has two sons. All of them are workers.

  [正] The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers.

  [析] all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指"两者都"。

  [误] The all children are playing football now.

  [正] All the children are playing football now.

  [析] all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词,或代词的所有格。

  [误] You all are right.

  [正] You are all right.

  [析] all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后,如:The boys have all been waiting for their mothers.

  almost

  [误] Nearly nobody thinks he is right.

  [正] Almost nobody thinks he is right.

  [析] nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如:She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。

  alone

  [误] The old man lived lone but he didnt feel lonely.

  [正] The old man lived alone, but he didnt feel lonely.

  [析] alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。

  already

  [误] We are already for the work.

  [正] We are all ready for the work.

  [析] already 是副词,其意为"已经",如:He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。

  already yet

  already多用于肯定句中,例如:The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Have you finished it yet? I havent finished it yet.

  also

  [误] I didnt find the dictionary also.

  [正] I didnt find the dictionary either.

  [析] 作为"也"讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.

  also too

  also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。Ill attend his class, too.

  always

  [误] Always he asked himself why he had come here.

  [正] He always asked himself why he had come here.

  [析] always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:Ive always thought he is honest. 又如:He is always late.

  among

  [误] If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive?

  [正] If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive?

  [析] among常用于三个事物或人物之间,而between则多用于两者之间。

  an

  [误] This is an useful dictionary.

  [正] This is a useful dictionary.

  [析] 详见a条。

  and

  [误] He did not speak loudly and clearly.

  [正] He did not speak loudly nor clearly.

  [误] Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston.

  [正] Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston.

  [析] "和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and,但在否定句中则要用or

  angry

  [误] My mother was angry to me.

  [正] My mother was angry with me.

  [误] He was angry with what I said.

  [正] He was angry at what I said.

  [析] 要注意be angry后面如果接人,表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something.

  another

  [误] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.

  [正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

  [析] 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,现分别说明如下:another作形容词其意为:泛指的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。一般在句中作定语,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football."other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other则为特指,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)但当the other作为代词时,它代表的可以是单数,也可以是复数,如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时,其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定,它可能是单数,也可能是复数。others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.

  answer

  [误] Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell.

  [正] Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell.

  [析] answer与reply是近意词,作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer,如:You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English.

  any

  [误] Do you have some questions?

  [正] Do you have any questions?

  [析] some一般要用于肯定句,而any则用于否定句或疑问句。

  [误] China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

  [正] China is larger than any other country in Asia.

  [析] 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词,但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.

  [误] Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.

  [正] Here are some books; you can choose any one of these.

  [析] anyone只能指人,而any one即可指人 也可以指物。

  around

  [误] The nine planets go around of the sun.

  [正] The nine planets go around the sun.

  [析] around后面不要再加介词,如:The sun shines all around us.

  around round

  作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round,例如:You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处:round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词;而around只能用作副词或介词。例如:The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词)

  arrive

  [误] I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday.

  [正] I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday.

  [正] I reached Beijing the day before yesterday.

  [误] He arrived in the school at 11∶00.

  [正] He arrived at the school at 11∶00.

  [析] arrive为不及物动词,当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in,而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如:arrive in New York, arrive at the village.

  arrive reach get

  arrive如上所述是不及物动词,而reach则是及物动词。如:How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词,作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如:When did you get to New York?

  as

  [误] This man works in the bank for a manager.

  [正] This man works in the bank as a manager.

  [析] as与for有时是可以通用的。如:This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.

  [误] My brother is so taller as Tom.

  [正] My brother is as tall as Tom.

  [析] as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级,而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:He is not so tall as Tom.

  [误] Ill give him the note as soon as he will come.

  [正] Ill give him the note as soon as he comes.

  [析] as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。

  ask

  [误] The student asked a question to the teacher.

  [正] The student asked the teacher a question.

  [析] ask应接双宾语,即ask somebody something.

  [误] They asked some books.

  [正] They asked for some books.

  [析] 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如:He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother.

  asleep

  [误] He is deeply asleep.

  [正] He is fast asleep.

  [析] 要讲"熟睡",就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外, 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有:go to sleep(如:The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.), fall asleep(如:I fell asleep at English class yes terday.)

  at

  [误] It will really do you no harm quite.

  [正] It will really do you no harm at all.

  [析] at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的",但at all适用于否定句,例如: -Im sorry. Im late.

  at in on

  在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是,in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on, 如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.

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