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六级听力的类型和特点「干货」
对于英语六级的考生来说，英语听力真的是一块硬骨头，因此考生在备考英语六级听力的时候一定要先摸清听力的类型和特点，才能有针对性地复习。
一、六级英语听力的类型
1.对话
听力部分一般是20个小题，由a和b两部分组成。第一部分通常是10个对话，每个对话设一个小题，要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案。
2.短文
b部分有两种形式，一是听短文。一般是三篇120-140字之间的短文，每篇短文后有三到四个问题，共10道小题。该部分主要测试同学们的整体理解能力。
3.复合式听写
b部分的另一种是复合式听写。复合式听写由两部分组成。一是单词听写，要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词。另一种是补全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主题句已经给出，要求填出具体细节内容说明主题，可以使用听到的原话，也可以使用自己的语言。
二、六级英语听力的命题规律以及测试重点
1. 对话
对话部分考查的重点有：
1) 地点
根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：
(1)根据信息词设题
① w: dear, i feel hungry now. how about you?
m: so do i.let me call room service.hello,room service.please
send a menu to 320 right away.
q: where are the two speakers?
a. in a hotel. b. at a dinner table.
c. in the street. d. at the man's house.
该题通过hungry 和menu来迷惑同学们，引导大家选择b，其实，本题所借助的信息词是room service 和320这个房间号，答案是a。
② m: can you stay for dinner?
w: i'd love to. but i have to go and send some registered mail
before picking up the children from school.
q: where will the woman go first?
a. to the school b. to a friend's house.
c. to the post office. d. home
本题借助registered mail设题，答案是c。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题，要求同学们能听出是"首先到……地方"。
③ m: excuse me,i'm looking for the emergency room.i thought that
it was on the first floor.
w: it is. this is the basement.take the elevator one flight up
and turn left.
q: where did the conversation most probably take place?
a. in a library b. in a hotel.
c. in a hospital. d. in an elevator
本题设题所依据的信息词是emergency room，只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为c。
(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题
有时对话中提到的地点不只一个，这时，一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下，同学们不必考虑信息词问题，只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：
① m: i did not see our boss yesterday. has he come back?
w: he was just back from france besides visiting britain，
germany，and spain.
q: which country did the woman visit first?
a. france b. britain c. germany d. spain
四个地点都是访问过的地点，要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为b。
② m: will mr. smith come to the party at the weekend?
w: he'll be supposed to，，but he won't be back from his trip
until the next week.
q: where will mr. smith be on saturday?
a. at the party b. at home
c. still on his trip d. back from his trip.
本题是将地点与时间连在一起，要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间，答案为c。
2) 职业、身份
根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四六级听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：
(1)说话者自身的身份或职业
根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：
① w: good evening,professor david.my name is susan gray.i'm with
the local newspaper.do you mind if i ask you a few questions?
m: not at all. go ahead, please.
q: what is susan gray.
a. a writer. b. a teacher. c. a reporter. d. a student.
由local newspaper可以判断说话者是位记者，在采访。
② m: how about the food i ordered? i've been waiting for 20 minutes
already.
w: i'm very sorry, sir. i'll be back with your order in a minute.
q: who is the man most probably speaking to?
a. a shop assistant. b. a telephone operator
c. a waitress. d. a clerk.
与order有关的自然是waitress，答案为a。
(2)说话双方之间的关系
该题型是上一题型的延伸，要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份，问题经常是 what's the relationship between the two speakers?
① w: how long will it take you to fix my watch?
m: i'll call you when it's ready. but it shouldn't take longer
than a week.
q: what is the probable relationship between the speakers?
a. librarian and student. b. operator and caller.
c. boss and secretary. d. customer and repairman.
既然女士让男的fix my watch，说明对方是repairman，而自己是customer。
② m: sorry to trouble you.but is there any possibility of borrowing
a blanket? i feel cold.
w: i think we've got one. could you wait until after take-off
please?
q: what is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
a. a guest and a receptionist.
b. a passenger and an air hostess.
c. a customer and a shop assistant.
d. a guest and a waitress.
take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐，答案自然是b。
可以看出，职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然，要判断双方的关系，还可以从说话的方式入手。如：
m: make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for mr. brown.
w: certainly sir. as soon as i make the final corrections on the
original.
q: what's the relationship between the two speakers?
a. boss and secretary. b. lawyer and client.
c teacher and student. d. nurse and patient.
两人间说话的语气和方式表明是"老板与秘书"的关系。
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