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英语六级长篇阅读真题解析（通用10篇）
无论是在学校还是在社会中，许多人都需要跟试题打交道，借助试题可以检验考试者是否已经具备获得某种资格的基本能力。大家知道什么样的试题才是好试题吗？以下是小编整理的英语六级长篇阅读真题解析，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 1
lessons from a feminist paradise
[a]on the surface, sweden appears to be a feminist paradise. look at any global survey of gender equality and sweden will be near the top. family-friendly policies are its norm-with 16 months of paid parental leave, special protections for part-time workers, and state-subsidized preschools where, according to a government website, "gender-awareness education is increasingly common." due to an unofficial quota system, women hold 45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament. they have enjoyed the protection of government agencies with titles like the ministry of integration and gender equality and the secretariat of gender research. so why are american women so far ahead of their swedish counterparts in breaking through the glass ceiling?
[b]in a 2012 report, the world economic forum found that when it comes to closing the gender gap in "economic participation and opportunity," the united states is ahead of not only sweden but also finland, denmark, the netherlands, iceland, germany, and the united kingdom. swedens rank in the report can largely be explained by its political quota system. though the united states has fewer women in the workforce (68 percent compared to swedens 77 percent). american women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals. they also own more businesses, launch more start-ups and more often work in traditionally male fields. as for breaking through the glass ceiling in business, american women are well in the lead.
[c]what explains the american advantage? how can it be that societies like sweden, where gender equality is vigorously pursued and enforced, have fewer female managers, executives, professionals, and business owners than eh laissez-faire united states? a new study by clrnell economists francine blau and lawrence kahn gives an explanation.
[d]generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options have unintended consequences: instead of strengthening womens attachment to the workplace, they appear to weaken it. in addition to a 16-month leave, a swedish parent has the right to work six hours a day (for a reduced salary)until his or her child is eight years old. mothers are far more likely than fathers to take advantage of this law, but extended leaves and part-time employment are known to be harmful to careers—for both genders. and with women a second factor comes into play: most seem to enjoy the flexible-time arrangement(once known as the “mommy track”)and never find their way back to full-time or high-level employment. in sum: generous family-friendly policies do keep more women in the labor market, but they also tend to diminish their careers.
[e] according to blau and kahn, swedish-style paternal leave policies and flexible time arrangements pose a second threat to womans progress: they make employers cautious about hiring woman for full-time positions at all. offering a job to a man is the safer bet. he is far less likely to take a year of parental leave and then return on a reduced work schedule for the next eight years.
[f]i became aware of the trial of career-focused european woman a few years ago when i met a post-doctoral student from germany who was then a visiting fellow at johns hopkins. she was astonished by the professional possibilities afforded to young american woman. her best hope in germany was a government job—prospects for woman in the private sector were dim.” in germany “ she told me,” we have all the benefits, “but employers dont wan to hire us.”
[g] swedish economists magnus henrekson and mikael stenkula addressed the following question in their 2009 study: why are there so few female top executives in the european egalitarian welfare states? their answer: “broad-based welfare-state policies hinder womens representation in elite competitive positions.”
[h] it is tempting to declare the swedish policies regressive and hail the american system as superior. but that would be shortsighted. the swedes can certainly take a lesson from the united states and look for ways to clear a path for their ambitious female careerists. but most woman are not committed careerists. when the pew research center recently asked american parents to identify their “ideal” life arrangement, 47 percent of mothers said they would prefer to work park-time and 20percent said they would prefer not to work at all. fathers answered differently: 75 percent preferred full-time work. some version of the swedish system might work well for a majority of american parents, but the united states is unlikely to fully embrace the swedish model. still, we can learn from their experience.
[i] despite its failure to shatter the glass ceiling, sweden has one of the most powerful and innovative economies in the world. in its 2011-2012survey,the world economic forum ranked sweden as the “rockstar of the recovery” in the washington post, also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness. it is a society well worth studying, and its efforts to conquer the gender gap impart a vital lesson—though not the lesson the swedes had in mind.
[j] sweden has gone farther than any other nation on earth to integrate the sexes and to offer women the same opportunities and freedoms as men. for decades, these descendants of the vikings have been trying to show the world that the right mix of enlightened policy. consciousness raising, and non-sexist child rearing would close the gender divide once and for all. yet the divide persists.
[k] a 2012 press release from statistics sweden bears the title “gender equality in sweden treading(踩)water” and notes:
1、the total income from employment for all ages is lower for women than for men.
2、one in three employed women and one in ten employed men work part-time.
3、womens working time is influenced by the number and age of their children, but men′s working time is not affected by these factors.
4、of all employees，only 13 percent of the women and 12 percent of the men have occupations with an even distribution of the sexes.
[l] confronted with such facts, some swedish activists and legislators are demanding more extreme and far-reaching measures, such as replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative and monitoring children more closely to correct them when they gravitated toward gendered play. when it came to light last year that mothers, far more than fathers, chose to stay home from work to care for their sick kids. ulf kristersson minister of social security, quickly commissioned a study to determine the causes of and possible cures for this disturbing stale of affairs.
[m]swedish family policies, by accommodating womens preferences effectively, are reducing the number of women in elite competitive positions. the swedes will find this paradoxical and try to find solutions. let us hope these do not include banning gender pronouns, policing children′s play, implementing more gender quotas, or treating women′s special attachment to home and family as a social injustice. most mothers do not aspire to elite, competitive full-time positions: the swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer. americans should look past the gender rhetoric and consider what these scandina-vians have achieved. on their way to creating a feminist paradise, the swedes have unintentionally created a haven for normal mortals.
46.Sweden has done more than other nations to close the gender gap, but it continues to exist.
47.Sweden is one of the most competitive economics life satisfaction.
48. More american women hold elite job positions in business than swedish women.
49. Swedish family-friendly policies tend to exert a negative influence on women′s careers.
50.The quota system in sweden ensures women′s better representation in government.
51.Though the swedish model appears workable for most american parents, it may not be accepted by them in its entirety.
52.Swedish women are allowed the freedom and opportunity to choose their own way of life.
53.Swedish employers are hesitant about hiring women for full-time positions because of the family-friendly policies.
54.Gender-awareness education is becoming more and more popular in state-subsidized preschools in sweden.
55.Some lawmakers in sweden propose that genderless pronouns be used in the swedish language.
46.answer 答案 j
“has done more than other nations”对应第一句“has gone farther than any other nation”,“close the gender gap”对应倒数第二句“close the gender divide”，“it continues to exist”对应最后一句“the divide persists”。
47.answer 答案 i
“one of the most competitive economies in the world”对应第二句“the worlds third most competitive economy”，“…enjoy the greatest life satisfaction”对应第三句“… also leads the world in life satisfaction and happiness”。
48.answer 答案 m
“elite job positions” 对应第一句“elite competitive positions”， “more american…than swedish women”对应第一句瑞士的政策正在“reducing the number of women in elite positions”，结合后文提到美国的情况，得出更多美国女性拥有高级职位。
49.answer 答案 d
“swedish family-friendly policies”对应第一句“generous parental leave policies and readily available part-time options”，“a negative influence”指的就是第二句提到的“they appear to weaken it”，这里的it指的是前文提到的“womens attachment to the workplace”。
50.answer 答案 a
“the quota system in sweden”对应第四句“an unofficial quota system”，“representation in government”对应后来提到的“45 percent of positions in the swedish parliament”。
51.answer 答案 h
“the swedish model appears workable for most american parents”对应倒数第二句“swedish system might work well for a majority of american parents”，“may not be accepted by them in its entirely”对应最后一句“unlikely to fully embrace the swedish model”。
52.answer 答案 m
瑞典的`女性有更多自由和机会来选择想要的生活。该句直接对应m段倒数第3句话：“the swedish policies have given them the freedom and opportunity to live the lives they prefer.”
53.answer 答案 e
因为家庭友好型政策，瑞典的雇主们在雇佣全职女性时会有顾虑。对应e段第一句话，“they make employers wary of hiring women for full-time positions at all.”句中they指的就是family-friendly policies，而be hesitant about是对be wary of的改写。
54.answer 答案 a
根据 “gender-awareness education”对应到a段第3句话：“state-subsidized preschools where, gender-awareness education is increasingly common.”而“more and more popular”就是对“increasingly common”的改写。
55.answer 答案 l
根据“lawmakers”对应到l段第一句“legislators”，“the genderless pronouns”对应“replacing male and female pronouns with a neutral alternative”。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 2
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.
Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it.
Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
1. Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?
A. Increasing their pay.
B. Giving them more spare time.
C. Making the work itself meaningful.
D. Replacing large production lines with small ones.
2. The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that _______.
A. the machinery is so complex that it should be fixed
B. the production lines are too large in modern factories
C. the bosses can create very little freedom of choices for workers
D. the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules
3. For a worker on an assembly line in a car factory, the job is not enjoyable because _______.
A. he can only make a part of a car
B. he does not know what he is doing
C. his life in spare time is more interesting
D. the importance of his job is not clear to him
4. In the article, the word “productivity” means _______.
A. the activity of producing something
B. the production volume in a time unit
C. the plan and the method of production
D. both the quantity and quality of a product
5. The best title for this passage may be _______.
A. Problems of Modern Workers
B. Making Jobs More Interesting
C. Pushing Workers to Produce More
D. How to Improve Labor Conditions
【答案与解析】 本文分析的是专家们就如何提高工人劳动生产率的问题所提出的不同观点。
1. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them 可推断如果工作本身有意义，更多的钱和更短的工作时间对工人们来说就不那么重要了。因此可推出答案为C。
2. D。推理判断题。根据第2段The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way 中 must be used in a fixed way（必须按固定的方式），可推知答案为D。
3. D。推理判断题。根据第3段 In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product…工人看到的`只是产品的一部分，而没有意识到做出的贡献，即不清楚工作的重要性，因此认为工作不令人愉快。由此可推出答案为D。
4. B。推理判断题。推断词义。文章中多次出现这个词。根据第1段第一句how to make their workers more productive（多产的），怎样使工人的在一定时间内生产出更多产品。But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity？和 To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity?由此可猜测该词指产品数量，故答案为B。
5.C。主旨大意题。根据第1段第1句the problem of how to make their workers more productive(如何使工人的工作更有效)，即如何提高劳动生产率。故答案为C。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 3
Macao, also called Macau, is on the western side of the Pearl River entrance, at the head of which is the Chinese port of Guangdong and it stands opposite Hong Kong which is on the eastern side of the entrance. It is made of a small narrow peninsula sticking out from Guangdong province. The total area of Macao is about 21.45 square kilometers, and it is made up of three parts: Macao Peninsula, Dingbat Isle and Lehman Isle.
Between Macao Peninsula and Dingbat Isle there are two bridges which join the two parts together, and there is also a highway between the Dingbat and Lehman Isles. Therefore, two bridges and one highway make the three parts of Macao into an integrated region.
Macao faces to the vast sea and its back is the Pearl River Delta. The two big cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the two special economic zones Hula and Shenzhen are its neighbors. All of this offers much advantage for its economic development.
Macao has a population of about 450, 000. This is very large against the size of the area. The average population density reaches 20, 000 per square kilometer. It is one of the densest population regions in the world. The majority of its people are Chinese, who make up 96% of the whole population.
1. Which is the advantage for Macao’s economic development?
A. Macao is on the coast line.
B. Macao is near some big cities or special economic zones.
C. Macao’s back is a rich delta.
D. All of the above.
2. In Macao there are only about _______ people who are not Chinese.
A. 18，000 B. 20，000
C. 21，450 D. 428，000
【答案与解析】文章主要介绍澳门(Macao)的人口、地理位置和经济优势。
1. D。事实细节题。从倒数第2段可知A、B、C三项都正确，即答案选D。
2. A。推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知在Macao有96%是中国人，有4%不是，从Macao has a population of about 450, 000可知450000×4%=18000，故答案选A。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 4
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people‘s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well， the air is full of ions， electrically charged particles， and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm， earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral， Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres， or from TV sets， duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches， fatigue， irritability， and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected， particularly before earthquakes， snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation， rats to flee from their burrows， dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.
Conversely， when large numbers of negative ions are present， then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea， close to waterfalls or fountains， or in any place where water is sprayed， or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors， some scientists recommend the use of ionisers： small portable machines， which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course， there are the detractors， other scientists， who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves， or on others， of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
A.They think they are insane.
B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
C.They become violently sick.
D.They are too tired to do anything.
2.In accordance with the passage， static electricity can be caused by___.
A.using home-made electrical goods.
B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.
C.walking on artificial floor coverings.
D.copying TV programs on a computer.
3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
A.near a pound with a water pump.
B.close to a slow-flowing river.
C.high in some barren mountains.
D.by a rotating water sprinkler.
4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
A.Ionisers.
B.Air-conditioners.
C.Exhaust-fans
D.Vacuum pumps.
5.Some scientists believe that___.
A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.
B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.
C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
D.earthquake
答案：BCDAA
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 5
Better Known As Mark Twain
The remarkable man went to a log-cabin schooluntil he was twelve years old. That was the end ofhis formal education. In spite of this, he became themost famous literary figure of his generation .
Mark Twain was born in a small Missouri village nearthe Mississippi River2 in 1835. At that time, AndrewJackson3 was the president of the country. AbrahamLincoln was still a young farm laborer in Illinois. The first railroad had been built seven yearsbefore. The Industrial Revolution was at hand. 4 The economic collapse of Americanprosperity, called the Panic of 1837, still lay ahead. This was also the literary period later calledthe“New England Renaissance ”
Mark Twain was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not expected to live through the firstwinter. But with his mother’s tender care , he managed to survive. He had been born in a tinytwo-room cabin. Eight people lived together there . He had four brothers and sisters. A slavegirl lived with them too.
As a boy, Mark Twain caused much trouble for his parents. He used to play practical jokes on allof his friends and neighbors. The nature of his jokes often led to violence . He hated to go toschool, and he constantly ran away from home. He always went in the direction of the nearbyMississippi. He was fascinated by that mighty river. He liked to sit on the bank of the river forhours at a time and just gaze at the mysterious islands and the passing boats and rafts. Hewas nearly drowned nine different times. He learned many things about the river during thosedays. He learned all about its history and the unusual people who rode up and down5 it. Henever forgot those scenes and those people. He later made them part of the history of Americain his books Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn6.
阅读自测
Ⅰ. This is the summary of the passage. Try to fill in the blanks with proper words :
Mark Twain was born in a small village near the __________River in 1835. He was not a healthybaby, so he was not expected to live __________ the first winter. Thanks to his mother’s__________care, he managed to survive . He has been born in a tiny two-room __________ . __________people lived together there. He had __________brothers and sisters and a girl livewith them too. When he was a boy, he used to play __________jokes on his friends andneighbors. He hated to go to school but was __________ by the mighty river. He learned allabout its history and __________the unusual people who rode __________ and __________it. Later in his works Tom Sawyer and he made them part of American history.
Ⅱ. Quizzes:
1. What has four eyes ( Ⅰ) but cannot see?
2. It is said that river is richer than any other things. Why?
参考答案:
Ⅰ. Mississippi / through / tender / cabin / Eight / four/ slave / practical / fascinated up / down /Huckleberry Finn
Ⅱ. 1. Mississippi. 2. Because on each side of the river,there is one bank.
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 6
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.
Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength asthe global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.
Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group ofinternational researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F ( 1℃ )rise of the Earths temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong orstronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.
Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. Morewater vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strengthand head toward land.
Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding themaximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as itpassed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding withNew Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.
The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experiencedover the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating(将人类摧垮的)storms. But theongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of theworst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean withmuitiple Category 5 storms every year.
"Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is theprimary cause of hurricane variability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center forIce and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surfacetemperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. Theentire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest onrecord. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earths temperatures have risenfaster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. Theprimary cause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhousegases like carbon dioxide and methane.
Past hurricanes have supported the studys finding that global temperature rise is linkedto more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, whilethe frequency of storms doesnt appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones hasrisen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, butcomprehensive hurricane data doesnt exist.
61. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University,the rise of the Earths temperature is likely to cause
A.the coming of ice age
C.more Katrina-like or worse hurricanes
B.less intense hurricanes
D.more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
62. The ocean water in the region where the storm forms
A.is heating the hurricanes
B.evaporates and becomes fuel
C.heads toward land
D.turns into water vapor that makes hurricanes stronger
63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?
A.It did not lose its strength as it moved.
B.It claimed over 200 peoples lives.
C.It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Florida peninsula.
D.It lasted for full 24 hours.
64. What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?
A.Hurricane changes.
C.Global warming.
B.Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
D.Destructive hurricanes.
65. It can be inferred from the passage that
A.there is no link between greenhouse gas emissions and destructive storms
B.reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may reduce destructive storms
C.the higher percentage of strong ones rose as more hurricanes appeared
D.past records on hurricanes included everything needed
参考答案
61.C)。本题考查地球温度上升带来的变化。定位句提到“地球温度每上升l.8华氏度(1摄氏度)，那么大西洋中强度可匹敌甚至胜过卡特里娜飓风的飓风数量会增加两倍乃至七倍”，故C)“更多像卡特里娜那样或是更糟糕的飓风”为答案。
62.D)。本题考查对飓风形成的区域中海水情况的`理解。定位句提到“从海洋中蒸发到空气中的水分越多，那么飓风的威力就越强，然后会直扑陆地”，故D)“蒸发成水蒸气，使得风暴威力增强”为答案。
68.B)。本题考查飓风卡特里娜的细节。定位句提到“卡特里娜飓风在抵达新奥尔良州之前威力大增，其巨大的破坏力致使200余人丧生，并造成了800亿美元的经济损失”，故答案为B)。
64.A)。本题考查局域海面温度的变化对飓风造成的影响。根据定位句，局域海面温度的变
化是飓风变化的主要原因，故答案为A)。
65.B)。由倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段的第一句可知，全球变暖是由温室气体大量排放引起的，而全球变暖和破坏性风暴频率变高之间存在联系，由此可推知，减少温室气体排放，或可缓解全球变暖的趋势，从而减少破坏性风暴的发生频率，故答案为B)。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 7
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
A bull grazes on dry wheat husks(Phi) in Logan, Kansas, one of the regions hit by therecord drought that has affected more than half of the U. S. and is expected to drive up foodprices.
Leadinu water scientists have issued one of the sternest warnings yet about global foodsupplies, saying that the world’s population may have to switch almost completely to avegetarian diet over the next 40 years to avoid catastrophic shortages.
Adopting a vegetarian diet is one option to increase the amount of water available to growmore food in an increasingly climate-unstable world, the scientists said. Animal protein-richfood consumes 5 to 10 times more water than a vegetarian diet. One third of the world’sarable(适于耕种的) land is used to grow crops to feed animals. Other options to feed peopleinclude eliminating waste and increasing trade between countries in food surplus and those indeficit.
"900 million people already go hungry and 2 billion people are malnourished in spite of thefact that per capita food production continues to increase," they said. "With 70% of allavailable water being in agriculture, growing more food to feed an additional 2 billion peopleby 2050 will place greater pressure on available water and land. "
The report is being released at the start of the annual world water conference inStockholm, Sweden, where 2,500 politicians, UN bodies, non-governmental groups andresearchers from 120 countries meet to address global water supply problems.
Competition for water between food production and other uses will intensify pressure onessential resources, the scientists said. "The UN predicts that we must increase foodproduction by 70% by mid-century. This will place additional pressure on our ’alreadystressed water resources, at a time when we also need to allocate more water to satisfy globalenergy demand-- which is expected to rise 60% over the coming 30 years--and to generateelectricity for the 1.3 billion people currently without it," said the report.
Overeating, undernourishment and waste are all on the rise and increased food productionmay face future constraints from water scarcity.
"We will need a new recipe to feed the world in the future," said the report’s editor, AndersJagerskog.
A separate report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) said the bestway for countries to protect millions of farmers from food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa andsouth Asia was to help them invest in small pumps and simple technology, rather than todevelop expensive, large-scale irrigation projects.
"Farmem across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefiting from small-scale,locally-relevant water solutions. These techniques could increase yields up to 300% andadd tens of billions of U. S. dollars to household revenues across sub-Saharan Africa and southAsia. " said Dr. Colin Chartres, the director general.
61. What can be inferred from the water scientists’ warning?
A. The record drought forces half of the U. S. to go hungry.
B. The record drought drives up food prices m the U. S.
C. Severe food shortage may happen without proper measures.
D. A vegetarian diet is the only option to avoid disastrous shortages.
62. What do the scientists say can be done to increase food supply?
A. Grow more animal protein-rich food.
B. Turn pastures into arable lands.
C. Promote trade between countries self-sufficient in food.
D. Increase the amount of water for food production.
63. According to the water scientists’ report,A. per capita food production has been increasing
B. reduced food supply will make more people malnourished
C. 70% of water will be used to feed 2 billion people by 2050
D. researchers begin to seek solutions to tackle water problem
64. In regard to the problem of water supply, scientists believe
A. more water should be allocated to satisfy energy demand
B. food production must be increased to 70% by mid-century
C. energy demand will intensify pressure on water resources
D. electricity generation must be increased by 60% 30 years later
65. What does the IWMI say is the best solution to food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africaand south Asia?
A. Applying small pumps and simple technology.
B. Launching large-scale irrigation projects.
C. Increase the local household revenues.
D. Investing in a new expensive irrigation project.
参考答案：
61.C)。本题考查对水资源科学家警示的理解。定位段指出，一些水科学带头人发布了一个关于全球粮食供应的最高级警报，指出为了避免灾难性的粮食紧缺，在未来的四十年，世界人口的饮食可能不得不几乎全转换为素食，故答案为C)。
62.D)。本题考查科学家对于增加食物供应量的建议。定位句指出，科学家指出，素食的饮食习惯是在逐渐不稳定的气候条件下增加用来生产更多的食物的可用水资源总量的一种选择，故答案为D)。
63.A)。本题考查对水资源科学家研究报告的理解。文中第四段第一句指出，科学家们说： “尽管人均粮食产量在持续增加，但仍有9亿人正在挨饿，20亿人营养不良，故答案为A)。
64.C)。本题考查科学家对于水资源供给的.态度。文中第六段第一句指出，报告中提到，“联合国预测，到本世纪中叶，我们必须增加70%的粮食产量。这会给本就紧张的水资源造成更大的压力”。第三句指出，“与此同时，我们需要分配更多的水资源来满足世界能源的需求”，故答案为C)。
65.A)。本题考查解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区及南亚缺水问题的最佳途径。定位段指出，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区和南亚地区，防止农民遭受粮食危机的最好方法是帮助他们投资建造小型水泵和使用简单的技术，这远远好于开发昂贵的、大规模的灌溉工程，故答案为A)。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 8
According to a paper to be published in Psychological Science this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events 1 , depending on whether they are in the past or future. The paper calls this the "Temporal Doppler Effect". In physics, the Doppler Effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether their 2 is travelling towards or away from you. Mr. Caruso argues that something similar happens with people’s perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance, while those in the past are thought of as 3 , something happening in one month feels psychologically 4 than something that happened a month ago.
This idea was tested in a series of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323 5 and divided them into two groups. A week before Valentine’s day, members of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had to describe how near the day felt on a 6 of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans-were more likely to report it as feeling "a short time from now", while those who had already 7 it tended to cluster at the "a long time from now" end of the scale. To account for the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones that have not yet happened, they also asked participants to 8 the distance of hypothetical events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry (不对称) remained.
Mr. Caruso speculates that his research has 9 for psychological well-being. He suspects that people who do not show this bias-those who feel the past as being closer-might be more 10 to rumination( 沉思)or depression ,because they are more likely to dwell on past events.
A) advancing B) apparently C)available D)closer
E)differently F)evaluate G)experienced H)implications
I)prospect J)rate K)receding L)scale
M)source N)subject O)volunteers
参考答案及解析：
1.E) 空格所在宾语从句主谓宾完整，推测应填入副词。后文提到“依据它们是已经历过的还是没发生的而有所不同”，因此differently“不同地”为答案。备选副词中apparently“显然地”与句意不符，故排除。
2.M) 空格位于人称代词所有格后，应填入名词作主语。根据后半句“向你走来还是远离你”可知，此处单词应与波形的运动方式或发出点有关，因此source“来源”符合句意，故为答案。备选名词中implications“暗示”、prospect“前景”、scale“等级”和volunteers“志愿者” 与句意不符，故均排除。
3.K) 空格在介词as之后，推测应填入动词-ing形式或名词。空格所在句为原因状语从句，并有连接词while表示两种情况的对比，主句的大意是“一个月后要发生的事情在心理上感觉比一个月前发生过的事情距离更近”。空格处单词描述的是those in past，因此应与“距离远”的意思相关。因此receding“(距离上)逐渐远离”为答案。备选-ing形式动词中，advancing意为“前进”，与文意不符，故排除。
4.D) 空格位于than前，可知应填入形容词比较级。前文说到，未来的事情与距离消失相关，过去的事情往往倾向于远离，即未来的事情我们会感觉近些，过去的事情我们感觉远些。closer“更近的”符合文意，故为答案。备选形容词中，只有一个比较级，亦可直接选出答案。
5.O) 空格位于数字323之后，故应填入复数可数名词。结合句意“研究者邀请了323名____，并把他们分成两组。”可知，volunteers“志愿者”与文意相符，故为答案。在备选名词中，另一个复数形式的名词implications“暗示”与文意不符，故排除;备选词subject也可看作是名词“受试者”，但不是复数形式，故排除。
6.L) 空格在不定冠词a与介词of之间，应填入名词。结合句意 “两组都被要求按一至七的描述他们对情人节感觉的'距离”可知，on a scale of“按……的等级”与文意相符，故L为答案。备选名词中prospect“前景”和implications“暗示”均不符合句意，故排除。
7.G) 空格与前面的主动词had构成定语从句的谓语，推测应填入过去分词。前文提到那些描述未来计划的人感觉时间短，后文应表达的是那些描述已经过去事件者的感觉，因此experienced“经历”符合句意，故为答案。其他备选动词形式不符，可直接排除。
8.J) 空格在动词不定式to后，应填入动词原形。前文提到了研究人员要求志愿者们给未来和已经发生事情的远近感觉评1～7的等级，因此这里的意思应是他们还要求参与者为想象中未来和过去事情的远近感觉评等级，故rate“评级”为答案。备选动词中evaluate“评价”意思相近，但不如rate表意准确，故排除。
9.H) 空格位于动词has后，且后接for，应填入能与for搭配的名词，因此implications“暗示”为答案。
10. N) 空格位于谓语might be后，且前面有more修饰，后接不定式to，推测应填入能与to搭配的形容词原形。结合句意 “他怀疑那些没有这种偏向性的人们，……可能更常——多思或沮丧的侵扰”。be subject to“受……支配，常遭受”符合文意.故N为答案。备选形容词中available不与to搭配，故排除。
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 9
Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information， but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.
We don‘t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “ I‘m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I‘m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner， “This step has to be fixed before I‘ll buy.” The owner says， “ It’s been like that for years.” Actually， the step hasn‘t been like that for years， but the unspoken message is： “ I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can‘t you?” The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it， when it occurred， the related conditions or situation， and how it was said.
When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend‘s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example， a person who says “No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb，” “You‘re lazy，” and “You’re dishonest，” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you‘re good looking.”
We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words， “If sure has been nice to have you over，” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.
1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners， if ___.
A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.
B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.
C.they try to understand each other‘s ideas beyond words.
D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.
2.“I‘m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means___.
A.I‘m just calling your attention.
B.I‘m just kidding.
C.I‘m just saying the opposite.
D.I‘m just giving off some sound.
3.The house-owner‘s example shows that he actually means___.
A.the step has been like that for years.
B.he doesn‘t think it necessary to fix the step.
C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.
D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.
4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical， but are justifiable if___.
A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.
B.seen as one‘s habitual pattern of behavior.
C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.
D.expressed to a series of charges.
5.The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done___.
A.without true intention.
B.light-heartedly.
C.in a way of ceremony.
D.with less emphasis.
答案：DBABC
英语六级长篇阅读真题解析 10
Campus Life
An Apple for the Teacher
American schoolchildren occasionally present anapple to the teacher. Obviously the custom containsan element of bribery 1 — you offer sweet fruit toauthority figures to “sweeten” 2 their disposition3. In school childrens case, the apple is offered tomake their grades more favorable. Therefore, theapple has more or less acquired a corrosive4 reputation and maybe for this reason, in slangEnglish “to applepolish” means“to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer.
But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teachers instruction. In theearly days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would bepaid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . ..Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in todays classroom should be awelcome reminder of the era when education was one -to-one and when teaching meantenlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.
Caps and Gowns
For students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony 5: parents, relativesand friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat capsand gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end,“Now, please move yourtassels from right to left. ”
The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of theeveryday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe. Themajority of scholars in the Middle Ages6 were churchmen, or soon to become so, and theirdress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. Thestandard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preferencefor black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violetand purple came into fashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color blacksymbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With fewexceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.
The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard7 , is obscure, though it probably derives fromthe medieval biretta . Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership, and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does notappear in English until the 1850 s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to anotheras a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears onthe modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome .
阅读自测
Ⅰ. True o r false :
1. Nowadays, American pupils always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a bettergrade.
2. In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were paid in money.
3. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduationceremonies.
4. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical dress was black.
5. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship.
6. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation.
Ⅱ. Questions :
1. According to the passage, when you say somebody is an apple polisher, what do you reallymean by saying that?
2. For students, when is the most exciting moment?
3. After graduation, which side should you put your tassel, right or left?
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. T 2. F 3 . F 4 . F 5. T 6. T
Ⅱ. 1. It really means that he is flattering orfawning some figures.
2. For students, the most exciting moment is thegraduation ceremony, especially the moment whenthe president makes the announcement.
3. After graduation, the tassel should be put to theleft side.
参考译文
校园记趣
献给老师的苹果
美国的学童经常会送苹果给老师。很明显, 这个习惯做法有点行贿的意味——— 给当权者一些甜头来软化他们的态度。对学童来说, 他们送老师苹果只是为了得到更令人满意的成绩。为此, 苹果的荣誉多少受到些损害, 而且可能就是这个缘故, 英语俚语“to applepolish”的意思就是“ 阿谀奉承, 溜须拍马”, 而“ applepolisher”则指“ 马屁精”。 这一习惯做法同样可以看作是对老师授课的一种合理报答。公立教育早期, 学校教师并不总是拿薪水的。通常情况下, 他们得到的报酬是学校、学生或学生家长提供的实物或服务。因此, 在今天的教室里时常出现的送老师苹果的现象应该算是对那个年代的一种美好回忆。那时的教育是一对一式的, 而且那时的教学是为了使学生受到教育, 而不是为了区分他们的社会地位。
学士帽与学士服
对学生而言, 激动人心的时刻莫过于毕业典礼。父母及亲朋好友都被邀请来参加典礼。所有的毕业生都头戴黑色的方平帽, 身穿黑长袍。他们等待着校长在后一刻宣布: “ 现在, 请将你的流苏从右边移到左边。” 今天的高中生和大学生戴的'学士帽, 穿的学士服是由中世纪欧洲学院里学者们的日常 着装演变而来的。中世纪时, 大多数的学者要么是牧师, 要么将要成为牧师; 他们的着装经常受到他们任教或学习的大学的严格控制。在整个欧洲, 标准的牧师服都是黑色的长袍。 13 和14 世纪的时候, 人们初偏爱黑色的状况得到了改变, 诸如红色、紫罗兰色和紫色这样的颜色开始流行起来。但是到了文艺复兴时期, 黑色又流行回来, 因为黑色代表了简约朴素和16 世纪严谨的苦修方式。现代大学都少有例外地保留了那种肃穆简朴的仪式。方平帽或者学士帽的起源不甚了了, 不过这很可能是从中世纪的法冠演变而来。这种植绒的方帽被看作是学位的象征, 后来被大学本科生和高中生采用。学士帽这个术语直到 19 世纪50 年代才传到英国。毕业生们将其从一边移到另一边, 作为一种晋级标志的流苏其实是中世纪时的帽穗的派生。现代罗马教会的大主教们戴的法冠上仍保留着这种穗子。
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