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大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题
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大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 1
Genetically Modified Foods--Feed the World?
[A] If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic about genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions--and vocal green lobbies--the idea seems against nature.
[B] In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U. S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U. S. this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.
[C] Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from--and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
[D] The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will be probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications ( ISAAA).
How can biotech help?
[E] Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene(胡萝卜素)--which the body converts into vitamin A--and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi ( 真菌 ).
[F] Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the-worlds corn crops annually, about 7% of the total. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant cotton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.
[G] Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassava (树薯) crop--a key source of calories-to the mosaic virus (花叶病毒).Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity (毒性) in rice has been identified. Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested.
[H]Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause ofhunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Today more than 1 billion people around the globe live on less than 1 dollar a day. Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce.
[I] Biotech has its own "distribution" problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge research on genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products wont even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries.
[J] More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies--both local and in developed countries--and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, for example, is successfully partnering with the U. S. Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.
Will "Franken-foods" feed the world?
[K]Biotech is not a panacea ( 治百病的药), but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to come.
[L] The world seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor genetically modified foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering--which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods―will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the worlds burgeoning( 迅速发展的) population. Skeptics contend that genetically modified crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health--risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the cultivation and importation of genetically modified agricultural products. Much of the debate are concerned about of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards?
[M] Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-vandals stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000 experimental poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls. This far-flung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties.
[N] Its easy to understand why. In a way, genetically modified crops--now on some 109 million acres of farmland worldwide--are invisible. You cant see, taste or touch a gene ed into a plant or sense its effects on the environment. You cant tell, just by looking, whether pollen containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility is precisely what worries people. How, exactly, will genetically modified crops affect the environment--and when will we notice?
[O] Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops. But critics fear the potential risks and wonder how big the benefits really are. "We have so many questions about these plants," remarks Guenther Stotzky, a soft microbiologist at New York University. "Theres a lot we dont know and need to find out. "As genetically modified crops multiply in the landscape, unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findings are reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilance.
46. According to the UNs prediction, the population growth from now to 2050 is nearly all in developing countries
译文 根据联合国的预测，从现在到2050年的人口增长几乎都集中在发展中家。
定位 关键词UN，2050，in developing countries定位到原文划线句。
47. Those people and countries restricting and opposed to planting and importing of genetically modified plants worry about their safety.
译文 对转基因农作物产品的种植和进口持限制与反对态度的人们和国家所担心的足其安全问题。
定位 由关键词restricting，safety定位到原文划线句。
48. The boosters of genetically modified crops argue that these altered plants need fewer toxic pesticides.
译文 转基因作物支持者辩称转基因作物需要更少的有毒杀虫剂。
定位 由关键词fewer toxic pesticides定位到原文划线句。
49. The mosaic virus led to the loss of more than half of African main food two years ago.
译文 两年前，花叶病毒导致非洲的.主要食物损失了一半以上。
定位 由关键词The mosaic virus，half，African定位到原文划线句。
50. Genetically modified crops can help to improve nutrient contents and farming productivity.
译文 转基因作物有助于改善作物的营养成分和农业生产力。
定位 由关键词Genetically modified，nutrient，farming productivity定位到原文划线句。
51. The most important factor that leads to hunger in developing countries is poverty, not crops lost.
译文 在发展中国家，导致饥饿的最重要原因是贫穷，而非作物损失。
定位 由关键词poverty，developing countries定位到原文划线句。
52. The far-flung outrage destroys fields and plants because they misidentified ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties.
译文 这些暴行破坏了田地与农作物，他们把一般作物误认为是转基因作物。
定位 由关键词far-flung outrage，destroys定位到原文划线句。
53. The debate on genetically modified foods is more heated in developing countries with fast-growing and half-starved populations.
译文 在人口快速增长且吃不饱饭的发展中国家，对于转基因作物的争议更加激烈。
定位 由关键词developing countries.population定位到原文划线句。
54. One third of corn planted in America was genetically modified corn last year.
译文 秘去年，美国转基因玉米的种植面积占到了三分之一。
定位 由关键词third，planted，America，last year定位到原文划线句。
55. Majority of people believe genetically modified crop causes environmental problems.
译文 大多数人认为转基因作物会引起环境问题。
定位 由关键词people，environmental定位到原：史划线句。
大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 2
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge (剧增) of women in the workforce mayportend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would ratherwork than marry. The converse (反面) of this concern is that the prospects of becoming amulti-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings andfinancial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earningability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show thateconomic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establisha family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number ofmarriages also rises.
Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorcerates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact ofa wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realizationthat she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choosedivorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensionsgrounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given highunemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife canincrease household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising afamily’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial andemotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a careeroutside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking adivorce.
On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work andmarriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in mostcases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and statusoccupations outside of the home comes the capacity to exercise power within the family. Aworking wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how thecouple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it couldcreate new insecurities.
英语六级阅读真题训练
26. The word “portend” (Line 2, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A) defy
B) signal
C) suffer from
D) result from(B)
27. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, ________.
A) men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B) more women would get married to seek financial security
C) even working women would worry about their marriages
D) more people would prefer to remain single for the time being(D)
28. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ________.
A) they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B) their husbands are expected to do more housework
C) their marriage ties can be strengthened
D) they tend to put their career before marriage(C)
29. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ________.
A) they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B) they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C) they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D) they tend to suspect their husbands’ loyalty to their marriage(A)
30. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view in thepassage?
A) The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of thecountry.
B) Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality inmarriage.
C) In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remainindependent.
D) The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.
英语六级阅读真题训练答案
26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D
大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 3
For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers, it was self-evident that the re is somethingcalled human nature, something that constitutes the essence of man. There were various viewsabout what constitutes it, but there was agreement that such an essence exists—that is to say,that there is something by virtue of which man is man. Thus man was defined as a rationalbeing, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.
More recently, this traditional view has begun to be questioned. One reason for this changewas the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man. An examination of thehistory of humanity suggested that man in our epoch is so different from man in previoustimes that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men in every age have had in commonsomething that can be called “human nature.” The historical approach was reinforced,particularly in the United States, by studies in the field of cultural anthropology (人类学). Thestudy of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs, values, feelings, andthoughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet ofpaper on which each culture writes its text. Another factor contributing to the tendency todeny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abusedas a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed. In the name of humannature, for example, Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defendedslavery. Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society,scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness, competitiveness, and selfishness asinnate (天生的) human traits. Popularly, one refers cynically to “human nature” in accepting theinevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed, murder, cheating and lying.
Another reason for skepticism about the concept of human nature probably lies in theinfluence of evolutionary thinking. Once man came to be seen as developing in the process ofevolution, the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insightinto the problem of the nature of man.
英语六级阅读真题训练
31. The traditional view of “human nature” was strongly challenged by ________.
A) the emergence of the evolutionary theory
B) the historical approach to man
C) new insight into human behavior
D) the philosophical analysis of slavery(A)
32. According to the passage, anthropologists believe that human beings ________.
A) have some traits in common
B) are born with diverse cultures
C) are born without a fixed nature
D) change their characters as they grow up(C)
33. The author mentioned Aristotle, a great ancient thinker, in order to ________.
A) emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of “human nature”
B) show that the concept of “human nature” was used to justify social evils
C) prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of “human nature”
D) support the idea that some human traits are acquired(D)
34. The word “untenable” (Line 3) in the last paragraph of the passage most probablymeans ________.
A) invaluable
B) imaginable
C) changeable
D) indefensible(D)
35. Most philosophers believed that human nature ________.
A) is the quality distinguishing man from other animals
B) consists of competitiveness and selfishness
C) is something partly innate and partly acquired
D) consists of rationality and undesirable behavior
英语六级阅读真题训练答案
31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A
大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 4
40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you cant enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.
21. The first games for the disabled were held______after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.
A. 40 years B. 21 years
C. 10 years D. 9 years
22. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in______.
A. New York B. London
C. Rome D. Los Angeles
23. In Paragraph 3, the word "athletes" means______.
A. people who support the games B. people who watch the games
C. people who organize the games D. people who compete in the games
24. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.
B. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.
C. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.
D. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.
25. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is ______.
A. one of the organizers of the game for the disabled
B. a disabled person who once took part in the games
C. against holding the games for the disabled
D. in favor of holding the games for the disabled
参考答案：
21-25：D C D B D
大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 5
一
Daniel Boone was born in the United States in 1734. He didnt go to school and couldnt read, although he learned all about the forests, streams and hunting. He could move silently like an Indian leaving no marks. He loved to live alone in the woods where nothing frightened him.
When he grew up, he married and tried to settle down on a farm. A year later, however, he wasnt satisfied and decided to go into the unknown western lands, crossing the Appalachian Mountains. When he returned after two years, he became famous for his long journey. He brought valuable animal skins and told stories about the Indians.
After this, he chose to keep travelling to unknown places. Once he lost to the Indians in battle and was taken away. The Indians liked him and became his friends.
Daniel Boone died at the age of 86 . He is remembered as an explorer(探险者)and a pioneer who lived an exciting life in the early years of American nation.
1.Daniel Boones early life was mainly spent in ______ .
A.learning about nature B.hunting with his friends
C.learning useful skills from the Indians
D.studying at home because he couldnt go to school
2.When he got married, Daniel Boone first planned to ______.
A. set up a large farm B.go on a journey with his wife
C. find food, new land for his farm D.live a peaceful life with his family
3.Daniel Boone became famous because ______ .
A.he travelled a lot in the western lands
B.he was very good at telling stories
C.he found better animal skins than others
D.he was the first to climb the Appalachian Mountains
4.Why did the Indians want to make friends with him?
A.Because they wanted to learn from him.
B.Because he wanted to make peace with them.
C.Because they wanted to make friends with white people. D.No reason is told in this article.
5.In this article, Daniel Boone is best described as ______ .
A.warm-hearted B.strong C.careful D.brave
答案：A D A D D
大学英语六级长篇阅读理解练习题 6
Over two thousand years ago Rome(罗马)was the center of a huge empire. The Romans needed a way to move their large armies quickly so that they could protect their huge country. They needed land trade routes, so they joined all parts of their empire by a net-work of roads(公路网).
Beginning in 300 B.C., the Romans built roads in Europe, Asia and North Africa. By 200A.D., they had built 50, 000 miles of almost straight roads.
To build their roads, the Romans moved away all soft soil. They dug until they reached hard ground. Then they added layers(层)of stone and other things. The most important roads were paved(铺设)with large flat(平)stones. Main Roman roads were sometimes as wide as ours today.
To build their roads, the Romans sometimes had to dig tunnels through mountains. But they didnt have any machines to help them. So they heated the rock with fire and then threw cold water over it. When the rock cracked(裂), they dug it out. Roman soldiers and slaves built the roads with their hands and simple tools, but the roads were so well built that they were used for hundreds of years.
1.The story tells us ______ .
A.building roads without modern machines was Roman soldiers‘ only job
B.it was no easy job for the Romans to build their roads
C.people in advanced countries still use the old Roman way to build their roads today
D.most people in the African countries still use the old Roman way to dig their tunnels through the mountains
2.To build mountain roads, the old Romans had to ______ .
A.explode the rock before they started to dig
B.crack the rock with fire and cold water
C.dig through the hard rock with their hands
D.invent some machines to help them with the work
3.On the whole, the story is about ______ .
A.how to build up our modern roads today
B.Roman tools in building a wide straight road
C.the Romans‘ roads built two thousand years ago
D.the reason why the Romans had to build their roads
4.Why did the Romans build so many roads at that time? It was because ______ .
A.their slaves and soldiers had to do something, or, they would have nothing to do
B.they dared not sail in the ocean and the roads were their only choice
C.they needed land trade roads and the roads to move their grand armies as quickly as possible
D.the old Romans wanted to show how clever they were in building the roads
5.According to the passage, which of the following four choices is correct?
A.The old Romans found soft soil did not make a solid base for the road.
B.The Romans built roads only on flat(平)land
C.Flat stones were mostly used in the roads of Asia
D.The old Romans used to make use of the soft soil for the base of their roads in North Africa
参考答案
B B C C A
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