2023年12月英语四级阅读理解习题

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2023年12月英语四级阅读理解习题

　　在日常学习、工作生活中，我们都要用到练习题，做习题可以检查我们学习的效果。学习的目的就是要掌握由概念原理所构成的知识，你所见过的习题是什么样的呢？以下是小编为大家收集的2023年12月英语四级阅读理解习题，希望对大家有所帮助。

2023年12月英语四级阅读理解习题

　　阅读理解习题1：

　　A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist (维持生活), in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason”. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.

　　This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.

　　However, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless, from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.

　　But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter-personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

　　26.People used to think that poverty and unemployment were due to ________.

　　A) the slow development of the economy

　　B) the poor and jobless people’s own faults

　　C) the lack of responsibility on the part of society

　　D) the large number of people who were not well-educated

　　27.Now it is widely accepted that ________.

　　A) the present system of social insurance should be improved

　　B) everybody should be granted a minimum of subsistence without any “reason”

　　C) everybody has the right to share in the wealth of the country

　　D) people have to change their attitude towards the poor

　　28.The writer argues that a system of social insurance should ________.

　　A) provide benefits for the sick, old and unemployed

　　B) encourage people to take on more social obligations

　　C) guarantee everyone the right to be employed

　　D) provide everyone with the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period

　　29.The word “fallacy” (Para. 2. L. 6) means ________.

　　A) doubt

　　B) fact

　　C) strong argument

　　D) wrong belief

　　30.According to the writer, a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum ________.

　　A) demands too much from society

　　B) makes freedom of contract impossible

　　C) helps people take interest in their work

　　D) helps bring about changes in the relationship among people

　　参考答案：cbbdd

　　阅读理解习题2：

　　Newdays,a standard for measuring power has changes foretell a new standard for measuring longer will a nations political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. Its often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.

　　America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.

　　The competitiveness of Americas industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government,industry,and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.

　　1. Now a nations political influence depends on _________.

　　a. the strength of its military forces

　　b. its ability to compete in industry

　　c. economic markets

　　d. both a and b

　　2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of _________.

　　a. its powerful military forces

　　b. its vast land

　　c. its industrial competitiveness

　　d. its contributions to world peace

　　3. The author indicates that ______ is threatening American political power.

　　a. other countries