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英语四六级听力改革分析与对策
新改革的英语六级考试中,听力和阅读部分依然占据很高的分数比例,以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于英语四六级听力改革分析与对策,供大家阅读参考。
改革前的四六级听力(30分钟):
测试内容 | 题型 | 题量 | 分值比例 | |
对话 | 短对话 | 选择题 (单选) | 8题 | 8% 每题1分 |
长对话 | 选择题 (单选) | 7题 | 7% 每题1分 | |
短文 | 短文 理解 | 选择题 (单选) | 10题 | 10% 每题1分 |
短文 听写 | 单词及词组听写 | 10空 | 10% 每题1分 |
注:四六级题型相同,只是六级短文篇幅略长、朗读语速稍快。
改革后的四级听力(25分钟):
测试内容 | 题型 | 题量 | 分值比例 |
新闻报道 3段 | 选择题 (单选) | 7题 | 7% 每题1分 |
长对话 2篇 | 选择题 (单选) | 8题 | 8% 每题1分 |
短文理解 3篇 | 选择题 (单选) | 10题 | 20% 每题2分 |
变化:
新增新闻报道;
取消短对话;
取消短文听写;
短文理解分值增加;
时间缩短了5分钟。
改革后的六级听力(30分钟):
测试内容 | 题型 | 题量 | 分值比例 |
长对话 2篇 | 选择题 (单选) | 8题 | 8% 每题1分 |
短文理解 2篇 | 选择题 (单选) | 7题 | 7% 每题1分 |
讲座/报告 3篇 | 选择题 (单选) | 10题 | 20% 每题2分 |
变化:
取消短对话,保留长对话;
短文理解减为2篇;
一、取消短文听写,新增讲座/报告,且分值很高。
如此大刀阔斧,据说是“为了适应新形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化,进一步提高听力测试的效度”。难了?易了?福兮祸兮?我们暂时放下改革带来的恐慌和新年带来的兴奋,平心静气地分析一下: 一
取消听写,整体难度降低
中国学生最擅长的,就是做选择题。A-B-C-D,有时蒙也能蒙对四分之一甚至一半;而单词拼写,是很多学生的“滑铁卢”,普遍问题是“眼高手低”。在听力中就是“耳”高手低:能听懂一句话或一个词,但不会拼写或一写就错。如果你把past写成passed,freshman写成freshmen,countdown写为come down,respective写为respectful…… 对不起,一律没分!
短文听写最能检验一个人的英语基本功。如今短文听写被取消,无异于根除了考生的一大障碍。获取四六级证书的道路上,少了一个拦路虎(a lion in the way)。
附带说一句,折磨考生十余年的短对话,终于退出了四六级考试的历史舞台。
爱过。
二、新闻报道,四级听力新秀
新题型、新面孔,偏偏在听力理解中打头阵,的确给了考生一个下马威。
新闻报道,是英语专业四级中的元老级题型,不幸在前不久(2015年8月)的专四题型改革中被“革”掉了。没想到,该题型却在大学英语四级中重获新生。当然,其难度比专业四级要低很多。一是语速较慢,二是每题后的暂停有15秒,而专业四级中每题暂停5秒。
换个角度看,新闻听力也算是短文听力,只是篇幅比“短文”更短——短文每篇长度为220-250词,而新闻长度为130-190词(根据样题中三篇新闻统计)。每篇新闻后跟着两三道题,多是考察新闻的六要素,即5W1H——When/Where/Who/What/Why和How。这些细节题客观真实,卷面所见与耳中所听一致;不必再像原来的短对话一样,要根据说话人的语调和口气做出推理判断。这是令人放心的一个变化。
那么,该如何准备这一题型呢?
1、掌握新闻语篇的特点
倒金字塔结构:也称“倒三角”结构,其显著特征是“头重脚轻”,就是把新闻中最重要的事实放在最前面,再以重要性递减的顺序来安排事实或材料。所以,开头的“导语”(news lead)是整个新闻的精华,考试中听懂前面一二句,就能抓住新闻的主旨或要素,如:
Chinese President Xi Jinping left Beijing on Sunday afternoon by special plane for a three-day state visit to the United State sat the invitation of American President Barack Obama. (应美国总统巴拉克的邀请,中国国家主席于周日下午乘专机离开北京,对美国进行为期三天的国事访问。)
这句导语不算很长,但信息量很大,竟然囊括了新闻的5W1H:
When——on Sunday afternoon
Where——Beijing(airport)
Who——Chinese President Xi Jinping
What——Xi Jinping left Beijing
Why——for a seven-day state visit to the United States
How——by special plane
整句话只有一个关键动词left,其余信息全凭几个简单的介词(on, by, for, to, at, of)联缀在一起。活用小词,善用介词,也是新闻英语的一个特色。
2、注意新闻的语法特点
新闻报道常用现在时态(如下文中的police say和eyewitnesses report)叙述过去发生的事情,给人以真实感。请看样题中的第一条新闻,顺便注意一下答案与原文词句的对应:
Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.
The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier,Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
(试卷上看不到问题,只有选项。)
What is the news report mainly about?
A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group inUganda’s capital.
When did the incident occur?
A) On Christmas Eve.
B) Just before midnight.
C) During a security check.
D) In the small hours of the morning.
第一题是主旨题,抓住新闻的第一句话,就能找到答案B;第二题是细节题,新闻中提到overnight,during a security check,Christmas-time等相关细节,但最吻合的是选项C。细节题的关键在于找“题点”:预先浏览四个选项中的关键词,有利于捕捉新闻中相应的细节,找到与问题对应的正确答案。
3、多听多读,积累词汇
功夫在平时,水到渠自成。既然“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”,那么四级过关也非一月之功。
一是多听新闻报道,如慢速的VOA Special English (特别英语)、常速的BBC News、超快的AP News Minute(美联社新闻一分钟)。四级新闻的朗读速度比较慢,非常接近下面这条新闻报道。请耐心试听两分钟,顺便做一下5个选择题。题干已给,可以边听边做:
2:47
新闻听力
1. Ken Banks does a lot of work in ____.
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Europe
2. The United Nations has said that being able to access the Internet is a basic human ______.
A. need
B. right
C. wish
3. The park couldn’t contact the people via the Internet because they ____.
A. don’t like the Internet
B. prefer cell phones
C. have no access to the Internet
4. Ken Banks’ software is used in ____ countries.
A. over 17
B. over 70
C. less than 17
5. The purpose of this news report is to ____.
A. promote FrontlineSMS
B. introduce Ken Banks and what he has done
C. call people’s attention to African countries
你会发现,题目的设计顺序与新闻的报道顺序高度一致。听的过程中,等着捕捉空缺的细节即可。
上述答案“B.B.C.B.B”。你都选对了吗?
更多英语新闻听力练习材料,登入网址查看:http://www.unipus.cn/sub_lesson/3.1.1.php
二是阅览英文报纸,如China Daily(中国日报英文版)和21st Century(二十一世纪英文报),扩大词汇量。表面上是为了迎战占全卷仅7%的新闻听力,其实无形中提高了自身的综合能力:听新闻提高听力,读报纸提高阅读,同时能了解天下大事。一举多得。
俗话说,好记性不如烂笔头。多听多读之外,最好能够准备一个笔记本,把平时阅读、听力练习中遇到的新闻词汇记下来,点滴积累,定期复习,词汇量定能大增。也可从网上搜到别人整理好的新闻词汇。如:
外交方面:Sino-US relations(中美关系),mutual benefit(互惠互利);
经济方面:sustainable development(可持续发展),green recovery(绿色复苏);
战争方面:cease-fire(停火);peace-keeping forces(维和部队);
环保方面:ecological balance(生态平衡),extinction of species(物种灭绝);
体育方面:penalty kick(罚球),three to nothing(比分3:0)……
鉴于篇幅有限,四六级听力中的长对话与短文理解是旧题型,在此不再赘述;唯一需提醒的是,四级短文理解的分值比例提升为20%。下面简要分析六级新题型——讲座/报告(lectures or talks)。
三、讲座报告,六级压轴大题
讲座/报告作为六级听力中的压轴部分,值得考生格外重视:
1) 分值高:10个选择题,占全卷20%的分值,占听力部分一多半的分值;
2) 篇幅长:文章约350—450词,远远长于短文听力(240-270词);
3) 内容深:内容专业性强,题材广泛,甚至涉及到我们完全陌生的研究领域。
下面以一篇样题“电子商务产品与服务的性质”为例:
I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.
Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio.【Q23】 Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
……
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.
Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component.【Q24】Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours【Q25】and those without their own transport.
23 What is important to the success of an online store?
A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B) The huge volume of its annual sales.
C) The service it provides to its customers.
D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.
24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?
A) Those having a taste or smell component.
B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
C) Those that require very careful handling.
D) Services involving a personal element.
25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
A) Those who live in the virtual world.
B) Those who have to work long hours.
C) Those who are used to online transactions.
D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.
浏览答案和原文可以发现,所有问题的答案都能在原文中找到对应的语句(划线部分),几乎不需要什么逻辑推理。所以,表面“高大上”的讲座/报告,其实只需要你边听边“等”答案,即“听到什么选什么”,选项中没有提到的多半信息,不用细心理会。
另外,讲座/报告都有大体固定的套路,出题套路也比较稳定,与托福听力相仿。比如上面这篇讲座:第一段是主题段,接着几段讲适合网售的产品和服务,倒数第二段是不适合网售的产品,最后一段补充例外情况,“exceptions, though”是关键的转折词。正文三层意思,正好对应三个问题。
如何应对这种题型?先从四六级主页上找到完整的样题——有条件的就打印下来——仔细研读几遍。然后有针对性地找相关听力素材练习。网上有很多小型英文讲座,比如广受世界网友喜爱的TED演讲,就是练听力长知识的绝佳素材。TED演讲的特点是毫无繁杂冗长的专业讲座,观点响亮,开门见山,种类繁多,看法新颖。
四、考场应战建议
1、保持镇定
四六级听力考试中,无论对付什么题型,心里保持镇定自若至关重要!一紧张脑子发蒙,该听懂的也听不懂了。所以,记住富兰克林·罗斯福的那句名言:“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
2、超前意识
无论什么听力题型,考试中做到“预览选项、预测题意”。充分利用写作文剩余的两三分钟,或者听力试音和朗读题型指令的两三分钟“黄金时间”,预览每一题的四个选项再根据选项猜测语篇的主旨和问题。这样在听短文或讲座时,就可以有的放矢,准确地捕捉关键信息。提示一下:磁带中朗读完Section A/B/C三部分的Directions,累计需要大约四分钟,这宝贵的四分钟足够让预览全部25个题的选项。
3、大局意识
听力理解的三部分分值有轻有重,如果预览的时间紧迫,那就重点确保第三部分——四级的短文理解和六级的讲座报告。因为这部分的分值最高,一个题相当于一二部分的两个题。这叫“舍卒保帅”。在预览预测的基础上,再加上每道题有15秒暂停,足以让你找到答案了。万一遇到非常陌生的语篇,听得一头雾水,难以确定答案,那就果断放弃,超前准备下一题或下一个语篇。这叫“舍得”,有舍就有得!切不可犹豫不决,因小失大。等听力结束后,再给刚才放弃的题目猜一个答案。
看到这里,你是放心了?还是更担心了?其实,大家都不用担心。
早在1934年,老舍先生就在《考而不死是为神》一文中给你鼓气:“考试制度还是最好的制度。被考死的自然无须用提。假若考而不死,你放胆活下去吧,这已明明告诉你,你是十世童男转身。”
总体而言,听力改革是件好事——
改革,使得四六级考题与时俱进,青春常在。
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