2017年英语四级考试套题训练
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate theimportance of paying attention to others' opinions.You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.
1.A.They admire the courage of space explorers.
B.They were going to watch a wonderful movie.
C.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.
D.They like doing scientific exploration very much.
2.A.In a school library.
B.At a gift shop.
C.In the office of a travel agency.
D.At a graduation ceremony.
3.A.He used to work in the art gallery.
B.He does not have a good memory.
C.He is not interested in any part-time jobs.
D.He declined a job offer from the art gallery.
4.A.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.
B.The woman should have informed him earlier.
C.He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.
D.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.
5.A.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.
B.Assign more workers to the project.
C.Reward those having made good progress.
D.Encourage the staff to work in small groups.
6.A.Where she can leave her car.
B.The rate for parking in Lot C.
C.How far away the parking lot is.
D.The way to the visitor's parking.
7.A.He regrets missing the classes.
B.He has benefited from exercise.
C.He plans to take the fitness classes.
D.He is looking forward to a better life.
8.A.How to select secretaries.
B.How to raise work efficiency.
C.The responsibilities of secretaries.
D.The secretaries in the man's company.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A.It is used by more people than English.
B.It is more difficult to learn than English.
C.It will be as commonly used as English.
D.It will eventually become a world language.
10.A.Its popularity with the common people.
B.The effect of the Industrial Revolution.
C.The influence of the British Empire.
D.Its loan words from many languages.
11.A.It has a growing number of newly coined words.
B.It includes a lot of words from other languages.
C.It is the largest among all languages in the world.
D.It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A.To place an order.
B.To apply for a job.
C.To return some goods.
D.To make a complaint.
13.A.He works on a part-time basis for the company.
B.He has not worked in the sales department for long.
C.He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.
D.He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
14.A.It is not his responsibility.
B.It will be free for large orders.
C.It depends on a number of factors.
D.It costs￡15 more for express delivery.
15.A.Make inquiries with some other companies.
B.Report the information to her superior.
C.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.
D.Ring back when she comes to a decision.
Section B
Directions，In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C.and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the center.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A.No one knows for sure when they came into being.
B.No one knows exactly where they were first made.
C.No one knows for what purpose they were invented.
D.No one knows what they will look like in the future.
17.A.Measure the speed of wind.
B.Give warnings of danger.
C.Pass on secret messages.
D.Carry ropes across rivers.
18.A.To find out the strength of silk for kites.
B.To test the effects of the lightning rod.
C.To prove that lightning is electricity.
D.To protect houses against lightning.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A.She was born with a talent for languages.
B.She was tainted to be an interpreter.
C.She can speak several languages.
D.She enjoys teaching languages.
20.A.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.
B.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.
C.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.
D.They would like to live abroad permanently.
21.A.She became an expert in horse racing.
B.She learned to appreciate classical music.
C.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D.She got a chance to visit several European countries.
22.A.Take part in a cooking competition.
B.Taste the beef and give her comment.
C.Teach vocabulary for food in English.
D.Give cooking lessons on Western food.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23.A.He had only a third-grade education.
B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.
C.He often helped his mother do housework.
D.He grew up in a poor single-parent family.
24.A.Stupid.
B.Active.
C.Brave.
D.Careless.
25.A.Watch educational TV programs only.
B.Write two book reports a week.
C.Help with housework.
D.Keep a diary.Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.
When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other(26) bodies out therebesides the moon and stars.One of the most(27) of these is a comet (彗星).
Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed.They are(28) ice and otherfrozen liquids and gases.(29)these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.
As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze.They(30)dust particlesfrom the comet to form a huge cloud.As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows thecloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.The tall and the(31)fuzzy (模糊的) atmospherearound a comet are(32)that can help identify this(33)in the night sky.
In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits.The averageperson can't see them all, of course.Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seenwith the(34 )eye.Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet.Its orbitbrought it(35)close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it.But Hale-Bopp came a long way onits earthly visit.It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.
Section A
Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases orincreases in an information-based society.However, they generally agree with the idea that inequalityin the information society is(36)different from that of an industrial society.As informationprogresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.
It seems that the information society(37)the quantity of information available to the membersof a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information.But such a view is a38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.Adifferent(39) is possible when the actual amount of information(40)by the user is taken intoaccount.In fact, the more information(41) throughout the entire society, the wider the gapbecomes between "information haves" and "information have-mots", leading to digital divide.
According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major(42)class, sex, andgeneration.In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between theupper and middle classes and the lower class.With(43 )to sex, digital divide exists between menand women.The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, (44)with personalcomputers and the Internet, and the older generation, (45) to an industrial society.
A.accustomed
B.acquired
C.assembly
D.attribute
E.champions
F.elements
G.expands
H.familiar
I.flows
J.fundamentally
K.interpretation
L.passive
M.regard
N.respectively
O.superficial
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.
Joy: A Subject Schools Lack Becoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.
A.When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted itwould solve three problems at once : feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severedepression, and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting andshocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to hisproposal than you might think.
B.If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words :"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on.I have visited someof the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.
C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when peoplethink about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makeschildhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.
D.I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot ofchildren-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.Here's what I've come tounderstand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack ofskills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding outwhat he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting
together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbedin a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and deriveintense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying toreturn to.
E.A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccerpractice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized himfor not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head andshoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face wentdown lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad.Come here.This is thestrangest bug I've ever seen.It has, like, a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing." He looked upat his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just aminute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."
F.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct ofyouth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intenseabsorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed bythe desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead tofinding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringingtogether nonsense words, for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, makingfriends, making decisions:
G. Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It wouldjust require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式).Instead of trying to get children towork hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, likemaking things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not
so different from the things in which they delight.
H. Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in anation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, thinkagain.The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving anyeducational success.
I.Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured bytheir administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.Theassumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should learn to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to
college.
J.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decadesof research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need towant to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practicedivision.But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning-to see school as a source of joy.
K.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good foryou.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food--something so valuable to humans thatthey have evolved to experience it as a pleasure ?
L.Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult achild's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom."Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is, infact, the precondition.
46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.
47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they aredoing.
48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.
49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.
50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.
51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.
52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.
53.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.
54.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.
55.To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C.andD .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
When it's five o'clock, people leave their office.The length of the workday, for many workers, isdefined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones andcomputers.That may be a bad thing, particularly at work.New research shows that clock-based workschedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.
Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m.research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc.On the other hand, task-timers have a list ofthings they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task iscompleted.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us moreproductive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet andAnne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holidayshopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "tasktinge." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control overtheir lives.Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive.They tend to enjoy themoment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported inbusiness culture.Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into theirstrategies.
This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers arguethat it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.Whilemost people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing shouldbe used when performing a job that requires more creativity.It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-
doers will be happier.
56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?
A.It makes everybody time-conscious.
B.It is a convenience for work and life.
C.It may have a negative effect on creative work.
D.It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.
57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?
A.They combine clock-based and task-based planning.
B.They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.
C.They set a time limit for each specific task.
D.They accomplish their tasks one by one.
58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?
A.They seize opportunities as they come up.
B.They always get their work done in time.
C.They have more control-over their lives.
D.They tend to be more productive.
59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?
A.It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.
B.It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.
C.It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.
D.It alms to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.
60.What do the researchers suggest?
A.Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.
B.It is important to keep a balance between work and life.
C.Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.
D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004.As she neared the end of herprison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there issimply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."
Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich andpowerful.Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on ashockingly large number of Americans.who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.
At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record.This can result in severepenalties that continue long after punishment is completed.
Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person'sindividual circumstances.Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professionaland business licensing.They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.
In all, more than 45.000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fullyparticipating in American life.
Some laws make sense.No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) workin a school.But too often collateral (随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should awoman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as anurse?
These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal recordsto find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.
A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-convictionpenalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety.Where the penalties are not amust, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.
The point is not to excuse or forget the crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vastcriminal justice system, second chances are crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment ofthe population on the margins of society.
61.What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?
A.Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.
B.Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.
C.Her release from prison has drawn little attention.
D.Her prison sentence might have been extended.
62.What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?
A.They backslide after serving their terms in prison.
B.They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.
C.They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.
D.They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.
63.What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?
A.They remain poor for the rest of their lives.
B.They are deprived of all social benefits.
C.They are marginalized in society.
D.They are deserted by their family.
64.What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?
A.They help to maintain social stability.
B.Some of them have long been outdated.
C.They are hardly understood by the public.
D.A lot of them have negative effects on society.
65.what is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.
B.To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.
C.To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.
D.To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务，他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学.他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明.中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬.因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件.
参考答案解析
1.C.四个选项的主语均为they.且选项动词多表达情感.通过选项中的space explorers，movie，space exploration等间可以判断.本题意在考查说话者对太空探险或电影的评价.
男士询问女士是否还记得他们上个月看的那部关于太空探险的精彩电影，女士表示这是她看过的关于太空探险题材的印象最深的一部电影.通过对话中的wonderful film和the most impressiveone等关键词可知，他们非常喜欢男士所提及的那部关于太空探险的电影.故答案为C.
2.B.四个选项中出现了school library.gift shop.travel agency和graduation ceremony等表示地点或场合的词汇，可以推测对话旨在考查事件发生的地点.
女士询问男士是否在找什么特别之物.男士说他儿子即将高中毕业.他想送给孩子一件有意义的东西.由此可知，对话可能发生在礼品店.男士准备买件特别的礼物送给儿子，故答案为B.
3.D.四个选项均以he开头，且出现了work，part.joblessness，ajob offer等词，由此可以推测本题考查的内容与男士的工作有关.
男士说麦克告诉他在美术馆找工作的事无果而终.女士表示怀疑，因为她听说麦克曾有机会在那里工作，但是被他拒绝了.由此呵知.麦克放弃了在美术馆的工作，并非是无果而终，declined一词是原文turneddown的同义转换.故答案为D..
4.A.四个选项中两次出现birthday party，町以推测对话与生日派对有关.各选项的主语为he，the woman，Susan，听音时应特别注意主语与birthday party的关系.
女士询问男士明天晚上能否参加苏珊的生日派对，男士说自己明天有个讲座，因此无法分身，也就是无法参加苏珊的生日派对，故答案为A..
5.A.四个选项均为动词短语，且出现了deadline，staff，workers，project，work等与工作相关的词汇，故而推测本题考查的内容与员工或工作有关.
女士询问男士对员工的工作进度慢是否感到不满，男士表示赞同，并打算给员工设定期限并让他们遵守，故答案为A..
6.D.四个选项中出现了car，parking，lot等词，由此可知，本题考查的内容与停车场有关.
女士问男士访客停车场在哪里，她的车停那里了，男士说就在那边的C区停车场.由此可推断，女士想知道如何去访客停车场，故答案为D.
7.B.四个选项均以he作主语，且出现了classes，exercise，fitness classes等词，可以推测对话内容与男士的健身有关.
女士夸赞男士自从上健身课以来气色不错，男士说他从未感觉像现在这样好.由此可以推测，男士认为自己在健身活动中获益匪浅，故答案为B..
8.D.四个选项中出现了secretaries，work efficiency，responsibilities，company等词，由此可以判断本题内容与公司秘书的工作有关，可能会探讨如何选秘书、如何提高工作效率、秘书的职责等问题.
女士对男士秘书的工作效率大加赞赏，男士说他们公司只选择最棒的人当秘书，他们的工作量大、责任重.由此可知，对话双方在评价男士公司的秘书，因此答案为D.
9.What does the man say about Chinese?
A.女士询问男士为什么说英语会成为世界语言，男士说原因之一是因为英语应用广泛，使用人数仅次于汉语，也就是说使用汉语的人数比使用英语的人数多，故答案为A..
10.What made English a widely used language?
C.女士询问男士英语使用者如此之多的原因，男士说大英帝国和美国的影响是主要原因，故C.“大英帝国的影响”是原因之一，为本题答案.
11.What is said to be special about English vocabulary?
B.对话中女士说许多学生认为英语难学，男士表示赞同，但同时认为英语有两大优势，其一就是词汇的国际化，英语中含有德语、荷兰语、法语、西班牙语、意大利语等多国语言的词汇.由此可知，英语词汇的特点是国际化，它包含了许多其他语言的词汇，故答案为B.
12.What is the womem’s purpose in making the phone call?
A.对话中女士打销售部的电话，其目的是想为她们的工作室添置家具.由此推断，女士打电话是为了订货，故答案为A..
13.What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
C.女士询问画板报价是否包括增值税，男士表示不太肯定;女士又问及画板的材质.男士也不清楚.由此可推测，男士并不十分了解他们的货物.故答案为C..
14.What does the mall say about delivery?
C.女士询问了画板的价格和材质后，又询问了货物运送的情况，男士说这得看他们的工作情况和订单的数量等.由此可推测，货物的运送是由多种因素决定的，故答案为C.
15.What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?
D.女士说除了画板之外，她们还需要画笔、油墨、尺子和画纸等材料，但被告知负责相关业务的
人员不在，因此女士打算明天再打电话咨询相关事宜.由此可知，女士计划做完决定后再打电话联系，故答案为D.
16.What does the speaker say about kites?
A.短文开篇便提到“没有人知道风筝问世多久了”，后面接着说道，数百年前人们就开始使用风筝，2，500多年前风筝在中国非常出名.由此可知，人们不确定的是风筝是何时问世的，因此A.为答案.
17.What did ancient Chinese use kites to do?
D.文章提到风筝的几种用途，比如在古代中国，风筝用于将绳索穿过小河从而悬起木桥，此外风筝还用于战斗中，因此D.为答案.
18.Why did Benjamin Franklin fly a kite in the storm?
C.短文中提到富兰克林也曾经放过风筝，他放风筝的目的是证实雷电也是电，因此C.为答案.
19.What does the speaker say about herself?
C.短文开头部分提到她学习过几种外语，但不像那些专业翻译人员那样熟练.由此可以推测，她会讲几种外语，故答案为C.
20.What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?
B.短文中提到，像其他很多曾经在国外待过一段时间的人一样，她非常喜欢跨文化交际，甚至难以想象没有跨文化交际的职业和社交生活是什么样子的，因此答案为B..
21.How did the speaker’s experience of living in Vienna benefit her?
C.说话者提到，因为她熟悉外语，她获得了一些难得的机会.她举例说，从维也纳回来之后，她被邀请在奥运会马术比赛中为德国裁判做翻译，因此答案为C.
22.What Was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?
B.说话者最后提到自己在日本的经历，她在美食节目录制现场当观众，被邀请到台上品尝牛肉并做出评价，她对这段经历兴奋不已，因此答案为B.
23.What do we learn about Ben Carson?
D.短文开头就提到本·卡森的基本情况，他成长在一个贫困的单亲家庭，因此答案为D..
24.What did Ben Carson’s classmates and teachers think of him when he Was first at school?
A.短文提到，本·卡森的母亲只上到三年级，做着两份清洗厕所的工作.同学和老师都觉得本·卡森是班里最笨的孩子，因此答案为A..
25.What did Ben Carson's mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?
B.短文提到，本·卡森脾气不好，有一次还威胁说要杀死另一个同学，母亲认为必须制定规矩对他严加管教才行.这些规矩包括：每周只看两次电视节目，完成作业后才能和朋友玩耍，一周读两本书并写出读书报告，因此答案为B.
26.heavenly.此处应该填人形容词修饰名词bodies.空格处与下文的the moon and stars和comet形成对照.heavenly意为“天空的”，heavenly body意为“天体”.
27.fascinating.此处应该填入形容词, 与前面的most构成最高级.fascinating意为"迷人的,吸引人的”.
28.made up of.此处应填入过去分词或短语与空格前的are一起构成被动语态.be made up of意为“由……组成”.
29.Now and then.此处应填入状语成分.now and then意为“偶尔，有时”.
30.combine with.此处应该填入动词或动词短语作谓语.combine with意为“与……结合”.
31.generally.此处应填入副词，修饰形容词fuzzy.generally意为“通常”.
32.characteristics.此处应该填入名词，作that can help identify…这一定语从句的先行词.characteristics意为“特征”.
33.phenomenon.此处应该填入名词，作动词identify的宾语.phenomenon意为“现象”.
34.naked.此处应该填入形容词，修饰eye.naked意为“裸的”，naked eye是常用搭配，意为“肉眼”.
35.relatively.此处应该填入副词，修饰形容词close.relatively意为“相对地”.
36.J.fundamentally副词辨析题.空格前面是be动词，后面为形容词different，因此空格处需要填入副词形式，以修饰其后的形容词.前一句提到，信息社会的学者们在以信息为基础的社会环境下社会不公现象是增强还是减弱这一话题上存在分歧，但是他们还是普遍认为信息社会中的不公平区别于工业社会的不公平.因此，空格处需要填人一个表示“根本上，本质上”的副词，修饰different.由此确定副词fundamentally为本题答案，意思为“根本上，基本上”.备选词中只有两个副词，而respectively意思为“各自地，依次地”，与此处意思不符，可以排除.
37.G. expands动词辨析题.空格前面为名词短语the information society，通过分析句子结构可知，空格处与前面的名词短语the information society为主谓关系，因此空格处需要填人动阅的第三人称单数形式.文章第一段提到.信息社会中的不公平发生了变化，本句承接上段指出原因：表面上看.信息社会似乎通过变革使用信息和交换信息的方式扩大了社会成员所能接触到的信息量，因此空格处动词应该有“扩大”或“增加”的意思.另外，空格处的动词应该能够和后面的介词to进行搭配一备选动词中符合以上蹲点要求的只有expands，expands…to…意思为“扩大到……”，由此确定答案.此外，空格处需要填入动词第1人称单数形式，因此可以排除分词形式的accustomed与acquired和动词原形attribute与regard;而flows无法与the quantity of information搭配，而且不符合句意，可以排除.
38.O. superficial形容词辨析题.空格前面是不定冠词a，后面是名词analysis，因此需要填入形容词来进行修饰.上一句用it seems that…句型指出信息社会存在的假象，本句中连问but进行转折，指出这种观点只是一种基于各种大众传媒所提供的.信息量的表面的分析，因此填人superficial“表面的，肤浅的”符合句意.这样也就能与前句在语义上构成转折.备选形容词中，accustomed，familiar和passive不符合句意，可以排除.
39.K. interpretation名词辨析题.空格前为不定冠词a和形容词different.因此应该填入名词单
数形式.根据句意，interpretation“阐述，说明”符合要求，故为答案.assembly“集会，集合”不符合句意，故排除;champions和elements均是复数形式，均可以排除;regard不符合句意，故排除.
40.B.acquired动词辨析题.空格前面为名词information，后面为介词by，由此可知空格处应填
入动词的过去分词形式.动词的过去分词形式有两个：accustomed和acquired，其中accustomed常与to搭配，而本句中没有，所以排除;acquired“获取，获得”与前面的amount of information及后面的by the user构成搭配，由此可以确定答案为acquired.备选动词中，attribute，expands，flows和regard都不是动词的过去分词形式，可以排除.
41.I. flows动词辨析题.通过分析句子结构可知.该句缺少谓语动词.与后面句子构成the more…the more…的句式，主语是the more information，其后并无宾语，所以空格处应该填入不及物动词的第三人称单数形式.本句意思为：整个社会中流动的信息量越多，那些能够接触到信息和不能够接触到信息的两类人群之间的差距就越大，flows“流动，传播”符合句意，故为答案.备选项中的accustomed.acquired.attribute和regard不是动词第三人称单数形式，可以排除;expands不符合句意.也可以排除.
42.F. elements名词辨析题.空格前面为数词three和形容词major.所以需要填入可数名词的复数形式.通过上下文可知，本句大意是数位落差主要由三个方面(因素)引起：阶级、性别和代别.所以elements“元素，因素”符合句意.assembly，interpretation和regard是单数形式，不符合要求，可以排除;champions“冠军”不符合旬意，也可以排除.
43.M. regard固定搭配题.空格前面为介词with，后面为介词to，因此空格处需要填入一个名词.构成固定搭配.with regard to意为“就……而言”.故regard为本题答案.
44.H)familiar.形容词辨析题. 44 with personal computers and the Internet修饰the Net—generation“网络一代”，根据前后句意可知，此处指熟悉电脑和网络的一代，因此空格处的形容词应该是familiar“熟悉的”，构成be familiar with结构，故familiar为本题答案.空格处以及其后的内容修饰前面的the Net-generation，空格处可以是形容词，也可以是分词，但符合上下文语义的只有familiar.
45.A.accustomed形容词辨析题.空格后面为介词to，分析句子结构可知.率格处需要填入形容词或分词，修饰前面的the older generation.分析句子结构可知，此句将the Net-generation-q the oldergeneration进行对比，由此可知，the older generation“老一辈”习惯于工业社会.be accustomed to“适应，习惯”符合句意，故accustomed为本题答案.备选形容词中，familiar，passive和superficial均不符合句意，均可以排除.
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56.C.由题干中的time displayed everywhere定位到第二段：These days，the time is everywhere…
That may be a bad thing...New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.
观点态度题.文章第二段第一句指出，如今，随处都能看到时间，第二句表明观点：这或许是一件坏事情，尤其是对于工作而言.第三句进一步指出，以时间为基础的工作安排会阻碍员工的士气和创造力.由此可知，到处都能看到时间对于需要创造力的工作有负面影响，故答案为C.
A.“它让每个人都有时间意识”，文章第三段指出，时间计时者以分钟和小时为模块来规划他们一天的工作.但是还有另一类人，即任务计时者，所以并不是所有的人都有时间观念，可以排除;B.“它对生活和工作来说非常便利”和D.“它清楚地表明现代生活的快节奏”，文中没有提及，均可排除.
57.A.由题干中的go about their work定位到第三段最后一句：It is said that all of us employ a mixof both these types of planning.
事实细节题.文章第三段第一句提到，时间计时者以分钟和小时为模块来规划一天的工作.第三句则指出，任务计时者则列出一个待做事情的清单.最后一句总结：据说，我们每个人都会将这两种规划类型结合起来使用.分析原文可知，此句中的these types即指代上文提到的两种计时方式：clock-timers和task-timers.由此可知，人们在工作时往往会把两种规划类型相结合，故答案为A.
B.“他们优先处理手头上最紧急的工作”，文中并未提及，故排除;C.“他们给每项具体工作设定一个时间限制”，第三段前两句提到，时间计时者以分钟和小时为模块来规划一天的工作.例如：上午9点到10点开会;上午10点到中午做研究等等.这是时间计时者的工作方式，而非所有人都是如此，故排除;D.“他们一件一件地完成工作”，第三段第三、四句提到，任务计时者则列出一个待做事情的清单.他们按照清单工作，完成前一项工作，再开始另一项工作.由此可知，这是任务计时者的工作方式，并非所有工作者都如此，故排除.
58.D.由题干中的Tamar Avnet and Anne.Lanre Sellier，experiments和clock-timers定位到第四段第五、六句：In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne—Laure Sellier…They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy…
事实细节题.文章第四段第六句指出，实验表明，时间计时者效率更高，但是却不够开心，因为他们感觉对自己的人生没有掌控权.因此，答案为D..
A.“当机会出现时，他们能够抓住它”，第四段最后一句指出，当有好事发生时，他们往往会享受当下，而当机会出现时，他们会抓住它.此处的“他们”指的是前一句中的任务计时者，可以排除;B.“他们总是能够及时完成工作”，第四段第六句提到时间计时者效率更高，但并未提到他们总是可以及时完成工作，可以排除;C.“他们对自己的人生更有掌控权”，第四段第六句提到，时间计时者效率更高，但是却不够开心，因为他们感觉对自己的人生没有掌控权，可以排除.
59.B.由题干中的business culture定位到第五段第一句：The researchers argue that task—basedorganizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture.
推理判断题.第五段第一句提到，研究人员指出，在企业文化中，以任务为基础的筹划往往会被低估，得不到支持.由此可知，当今的企业文化对以任务为基础的筹划并不重视，故答案为B..
A.“它并不支持聪明的企业所采用的策略”，文章第五段第二句是说研究者相信，聪明的企业会努力将更多以任务为基础的规划纳入其经营策略中，与当今的企业文化所支持的规划类型不符，可以排除;C.“比起员工的生活，它更加重视工作效率”和D.“它的目的是全面激发雇员的潜力和创造力”，文中没有提及，均可排除.
60.A.由题干中的researchers和suggest定位到第六段第一、二句: …the researchers argue that…task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.
推理判断题.第六段第一句提到，研究人员表示，这对于经济学的普遍特点——工作是按时间来安排的——是一个挑战.第二句提出研究人员的观点：尽管大多数人从某种程度上仍旧有可能需要，或者自己作为时间计时者，但是当我们从事需要更多创造力的工作时，应该使用任务计时的方式.由此可知，研究人员建议我们在从事具有创造力的工作时，选择以任务为基础的计时方式，故答案为A..
B.“保持工作和生活平衡很重要”，文中没有提及，可以排除;C.“从事有创造力的工作往往会让工作者更加开心”，第六段第二、三句指出，当我们从事需要更多创造力的工作时，应该使用任务计时的方式.因为它会使工作更加容易，使工作者更加开心.由此可知，在从事需要创造力的工作时，采用任务计时的方式才会让工作者更加开心，可以排除;D.“在工作评估中应使用科学的标准”，文中没有提及，可以排除.
61.A.由题干中的the well—known columnist定位到第一段第二句....awell—known columnistwrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt todeny her right to start anew."
推理判断题.第一段第一句指出，玛莎·斯图尔特在2004年受到指控，经过审判，被判有罪.第二句则表明这位知名专栏作家的态度：她已经得到了惩罚，而且任何人没有理由去试图剥夺她重新开始的权利.由此可知，这位作家担心玛莎·斯图尔特的入狱经历会影响到她出狱后的生活，故答案为A.
B.“在她服刑时，她的公司破产了”，文中未提及，可以排除;C.“她刑满出狱并未引起人们注意”，文章第一段第二句提到一位知名专栏作家就她的情况发表评论，由此可知，她的案件十分轰动，该选项与原文不符，可以排除;D.“她的刑期可能被延长了”，文章第一段第二句提到她的服刑期即将结束，由此可知，她即将刑满出狱，可以排除.
62.B.由题干中的the second paragraph和many criminals in America定位到第二段第二句：many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number ofAmericans.who are prevented from ever fully paving their debt to society.
推理判断题.文章第二段第二句指出，很多联邦法律和州立法律对很大一部分美国人强制实施定罪后限制，使他们不能够再次充分地回报社会.由此可知，一些服刑人员即使刑满释放，也会受到法律的限制，难以完全融入社会，开始新的人生，故答案为B..
A.“他们刑满出狱后又重蹈覆辙”，文章第二段第二句指出，一些强制实施的定罪后限制，使他们不能够再次充分地回报社会.由此可知，大多数经过改造的犯人还是希望改过自新的，该选项与原文不符，可以排除;C.“他们因为较轻案件而受到重罚”，第二段第二句指出，很多联邦法律和州立法律对很大一部分美国人强制实施定罪后限制，即对有犯罪前科的人实行限制，该选项是对原文的曲解，可以排除;D.“不管他们的自身情况如何都会被判有罪”，文中并未提及被判有罪的尺度，可以排除.
63.C.由题干中的consequences和many Americans with a criminal record定位到第三段：At least65 million people…have a criminal record.This Can result in severe penalties…和第四段：Many ofthese penalties are imposed regardless of...Laws Can restrict or ban voting...
推理判断题.第三段第二句中提到，犯罪分子在刑期结束后还要接受时间更长的严重惩罚.第四段第二句中接着举例进行解释，这些限制惩罚包括可以限制或阻止他们拥有选举权，没有权利申请公租房，不能取得职业资格证以及商业经营证等，也就是说，享受不到正常公民所拥有的权益，被社会边缘化，故答案为C..
A.“他们将终身贫穷”，第四段最后一句指出这些限制会影响一个人通过获取工作和资格谋求福利的能力，但这并不是唯一条件，也不能片面地说所有刑满释放的人都会终身贫穷，该选项过于绝对，可以排除;B.“他们被剥夺所有的社会福利”同样表达过于绝对，可以排除;D.“他们被家庭所抛弃”，原文未提及，可以排除.
64.D.由题干中的the author和post.conviction laws and rules定位到第六段：Some laws makesense...和第七段: These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people withcriminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.
观点态度题.文章第六段提到，一些法律是合理的.第七段则指出，这些法律同样会产生相反的效果，因为它们加大了有犯罪前科的人租房、就业的难度，而这两个因素正是可以让他们避免重蹈覆辙的关键因素.由此可知，作者对于一些法律、法规并不赞同，认为是对有犯罪前科的人的不公平对待，使得他们无法改过自新而危及社会，故答案为D.
A.“它们有助于维护社会稳定”，文章第七段提到，这些法律加大了有犯罪前科的人租房、就业的难度，而这两个因素正是可以让他们避免重蹈覆辙的关键因素.由此可知，过于苛刻的定罪后惩罚非但不能维护社会稳定，很可能会影响社会稳定，故该选项可以排除;B.“一些法律、法规早已过时”，文中并未提及，可以排除;C.“它们很难被公众所理解”，文章第六段第二句提到没有人会提议让有恋童癖的人在学校工作.由此可知，公众还是可以理解那些合理的限制的，故该选项可以排除.
65.B.由题干中的author’s main purpose定位到文章最后一段：The point is not to excuse or forgetthe crime.Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chancesare crucial.It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins ofsociety.
主旨大意题.最后一段提到，这个提议并不是为犯罪找借口或忽略它.相反，是让人们认识到，在美国庞大的刑法体系中，人们拥有改过自新的机会是至关重要的.让那么一大部分群体游走在社会的边缘对任何人都没有好处.由此可知，作者是希望通过对这一问题的探讨，从而对刑法体系中一些不合理的地方进行变革，故答案为B..
A.“为犯罪分子提供自我改造的机会”，文章最后一段第三句指出让那么一大部分群体游走在社会的边缘对任何人都没有好处，由此可知，作者建议的真正目的是变革法律中不合理的部分，维护社会稳定，该选项为表面原因，可以排除;C.“确保有犯罪前科的人能够过上体面的生活”，不符合作者的观点，可以排除;D.“呼吁人们关注美国囚犯的处境”，文中未提及，可以排除.
参考译文：Chinese parents usually intend to pay too much attention to their children's study to such an extent thatthey even don't require their children to help them do the chores.Their primary requirement for their childrenis to study hard, get good grades and go to famous universities, They believe this does good to their childrenbecause in the society of China which is full of intense competition, only perfect academic performance canensure a bright future.Chinese parents also believe if their children can make great achievements in thesociety, they will receive respect accordingly.Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbiesand interests to provide better conditions for their children.
1.翻译第一句时，“过于关注……”还可以译为focus too much on…/be too focused on…等;“做家务”还可译为do housework.
2.翻译第二句时，“努力学习”“考得好”和“能上名牌大学”作表语，可用动词不定式来表达.“他们对孩子的首要要求”是句子的主语，有两种译法：一是直接用名词短语表达，即their primary requirement for theirchildren;二是用名词性从句表达，即what they require their children first to do.
3.翻译第三句时，“竞争激烈的社会”有两种译法：society(which is)hill of intense competition和competitivesociety.“保证”这个词译为assure还是ensure?如果意思是“向……保证，使……确信”，可译为assure sb.that或assure sb.of.根据原文可知，中国的家长认为成绩好前途就好，主语和宾语均为某事，所以将“保证”译为ensure为宜.
4.第四句分为三个短句，故翻译时应注意句子的衔接.译文将“中国父母还认为”译作句子的主干，而将“如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬”译作believe的宾语从句，同时在该宾语从句中还有条件句.
5.最后一句中，“愿意牺牲”译为be willing to sacrifice….“为孩子提供更好的条件”还可以译作to createbetter conditions for their children.
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