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2016英语四级高级语法精讲
本文关于倒装句和让步状语从句的相关语法知识，总结出来提供给大家复习备考用，希望帮助到你们。
部分倒装
部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装
这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few,little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way,on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。
eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。
Never does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。
eg. 在任何情况下我都不会相信你。Under no circumstance do I trust you.
2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。
eg. Only with you can I feel happy. eg. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。
Only when you come, can we start the meeting.
3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装
eg. He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。
So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him.
eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。
So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day.
4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。
eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。
Young as I am, I can live by myself.
eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the hole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。
Girl as she is, she can support the hole family.
eg. Although I like music very much,.... Much as I like music,.....
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。
hardly.....when.... 一......就...... scarcely .....when.....
hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。
eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。
eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。
no sooner....than..... 一......就......
no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。
eg. No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily. 他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。
the more ......the more... 越....越....
eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。
状语从句省略
1、 主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语。
2、 若前后主语不一致，则称作独立主格结构。
1、 分词作状语
(1)条件：状语从句，前后主语一致
(2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后
(3)省略方式：关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(-ing/-ed)
一、用作时间状语
1. 典型例句
When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
真题示例：When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
二、用作原因状语
1. 典型例句
As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.
Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
三、用作条件状语
1. 典型例句
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.
四、用作让步状语
1. 典型例句
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
五、用作伴随状语
1. 典型例句
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _____ that all children like these things.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
六、用作方式状语
1. 典型例句
He came as we expected.
He came as he was expected.
I'm returning your letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。
七、用作结果状语
1. 典型例句
He fired and killed one of the passers-by.
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
He died and left his wife with five children.
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。
He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. (06.6旧)
_____ by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.
A) Imitated B) Imposed C) Insured D) Inspired (06.6旧)
When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). Alarmed by this state of _____ , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) proceeded a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. (09.完形)
A) mess B) boom C) growth D) decay
Sticking to the low end of the government estimates, the National Resources Defence Council says there were maybe no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of the ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virutally nothing to ease America's energy problems..
在状语从句中，若前后主从句主语一致，则省略从句的主语，将后面的动词发生形式上的变化， 主动语态变成ing形式，若是被动语态，则变为ed 形式。
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