2015年英语四级考试模拟练习题
单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the following passage.
Shoppers on Black Friday，the traditional start of the holiday shopping season in America, are notoriously(声名狼藉地)aggressive，Some even start queuing outside stores before dawn to be the first to lay their hands on heavily discounted goods.Last year destructively violent bargain-hunters in the suburbs of New York City trampled(踩踏)a Wal-Mart employee to death.Despite the madness at many stores，however, the recession appears to have accelerated the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortar(灰浆)in favour of online retailers--e-taters.
E-commerce holds particular appeal in poor times as it enables people to compare prices across retailers quickly and easily.Buyers can sometimes avoid local sales taxes online，and shipping is often free.No wonder，then，that online shopping continues to grow even as the offiine sort shrinks.
The shift in spending to the internet is good news for companies like P&G that lack retail outlets of their own.But it is a big concern for brick-and-mortar retailers，whose prices are often higher than those of e-tailers，since they must bear the extra expense of running stores.
The most obvious response to the growth of e-tailing is for conventional retailers to redouble their own efforts online.The online arms of big retailers are performing well，on the whole.
The concept of“multichannel”shopping，where people can buy the same items from the same retailer in several different ways，is gaining ground，and retailers are trying to encourage users of one channel to try another.
Retailers are also trying to make shopping seem fun and exciting to act against the recession.One common method is to set up“pop-up”stores，which appear for a short tilne before vamshing again，to develop a sense of novelty and urgency.
Stores are also trying to lure customers by offering services that are not available online.Best Buy，a consumer-electronics retailer，has started selling music lessons along with its musical instruments.Lululemon athletica,which sells sports clothes，offers free yoga classes.The idea is to bring people back to its shops regularly.increasing the likelihood that they will develop the habit of shopping there.
Why does the author say the recession has accelerated the pace of online shopping?
A.Because shoppers are aggressive when shopping at brick-and-mortar stores.
B.Because online shopping allows people to look for cheaper goods more easily.
C.Because the sales of brick-and-mortar shops shrink during economic recession.
D.Because the same item is definitely cheaper when it is sold online.
2、Questionsare based on the following passage.
More than three dozen billionaires，including well-known philanthropist(慈善家)David Rockefeller，have promised at least haft of their fortunes to charity，joining a programme that Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett started in June to encourage other wealthy people to give.
The pledge is currently worth about $150 billion，but the programme predicts it will eventually be worth $600 billion.
“During even the Depression’s worst years.my parents gave money--about 8%of their annualin come of $2，200，”said Lorry Lokey，one of the donors，oil the website of the programme，the Giving Pledge.“I remember saying to my mother that we can't afford that.But she said we have to share withothers.’’
The pledge has been a matter of some debate in philanthropic and non-profit circles，with some experts dismissing it as mere publicity and others predicting that it would produce a flood of new money to support non-profit groups.
Buffett said the real value of the pledge was found in the example it set and in the sentiments(情感)expressed in the letters posted on the website.
Buffett and Gates will hold several dinners later this year to recruit more billionaires，and members of the Giving Pledge will meet annually to discuss their philanthropy.
The pair are due to meet some wealthiest people in China next month and India in March.
“We hope this catches fire in some other countries，”Buffett said.“If they want to take what we think is a good idea and run with it，we will be cheering.”
Buffett said the number of people who had agreed to sign on was at the high end of his expectations.He said some people who declined to sign the pledge were plaaning to give away most of their wealth but did not want to draw attention to those plans.‘
Energy tycoon(大亨)Pickeus，who is worth about $1 billion，said in his Giving Pledge letter.“I've long stated that I enjoy making money，and I enjoy giving it away.I'm not a big fan of inherited wealth.It generally does more harm than good.’’
What’s the purpose of the programme started by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett?
A.To spread the idea of charity around the world.
B.To publicise the pains and gains of charity work.
C.To involve more wealthy people in philanthropy.
D.To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
3、听录音,回答题
A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.
B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.
C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.
D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.
4、Questionsare based on the following passage.
Older women who take vitamin D and calcium supplements to prevent broken bones may be taking them in vain, according to leading experts. A U.S. government advisory group found taking typical low doses provided no benefits for average postmenopausal(绝经后的)women.
What is more taking 4OOIU of vitamin D and 1,000mg of calcium daily increased the risk of developing kidney stones. Both nutrients are crucial for building and maintaining strong, healthy bones and specialists advise getting as much as possible from a good diet and exposure to sunlight. If an older person has a vitamin deficiency or bone-thinning osteoporosis (骨质疏松症), doctors often prescribe higher- than-normal doses. But for otherwise healthy post-menopausal women, adding modest supplements to their diet makes no impact.
It isn't clear if those doses offer bone protection if taken before menopause, or if they help men's
bones, according to the new guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
It's a confusing message considering that for years, calcium and vitamin D supplements have been widely considered an insurance policy against osteoporosis, with little down-side to taking them. The NHS currently recommends people over 65 take a dally vitamin D pill, although no more than 25 micrograms.
"Regrettably, we don't have as much information as we would like to have about a substance that has been around a long time and we used to think we understood," said Dr. Virginia Moyer of the Baylor College of Medicine, who heads the task force. "Turns out, there's a lot more to learn. " The recommendations are not for people at high risk of weak bones, such as those with a history of bone fractures. These people should consult their local doctor. In the U.S. the average adult is advised to get about 1,000rag of calcium, 1 ,300 for post-menopausal women, every day. For vitamin D, the goal is 600 IUs ofvitamin D daily moving to 800 after age 70. The nutrients can be found in foods including orange juice fortified with calcium: dairy foods such as milk, yogurt and cheese; certain fish including salmon; and fortified breakfast cereals.
It can be learned that taking low doses of vitamin D and calcium supplements will________ to aver- age post-menopausal women.
A.be beneficial
B.bring harm
C.make no difference
D.increase the risk of developing kidney stones
5、听录音,回答题
A. Workers on the platforms and trains were replaced by machines.
B. A completely automatic line was added to its network.
C. It became the first completely automatic railway in the world.
D.Its trains became manual-controlled.
6、听音频：
根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA.,B., C. andD., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A.The team has to travel far for every game.
B.The new coach has been very effective.
C.The new coach knows the team very well.
D.The team shouldn't recruit any more players.
7、根据以下资料，回答题：
Passage One
Quesaons 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.
The vast glaciers of western Antarctica are rapidly melting and losing ice to the sea and almost certainly have“passed the point of no return，”according to new work by two separate teams of scientists.
The likely result：a rise in global sea levels of 4 feet or more in the coming centuries，says research made public Monday by scientists at the University of Washington，the University of California-Irvine and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
“It really is an amazingly distressing situation，”says Pennsylvania State University glaciologist(冰川学家)Sridhar Anandakrishnan，who was not affiliated with either study.“This is a huge part of West Antarctica.and it seems to have been kicked over the edge.”
The researchers say the fate of the glaciers is almost certainly beyond hope.
One study shows that a river of ice called Thwaites Glacier is probably in the early stages of collapse.Total collapse is almost inevitable.the study shows.
A second study shows that a halfdozen glaciers are pouring ice into the sea at an ever-greater pace.That will trigger 4 feet of sea-level rise，says study author Eric Rignot，a glaciologist at the University of Califomia-Irvine，and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
“The retreat of ice in that area is unstoppable，”Rignot said at a briefing Monday,adding that the glaciers have“passed the point of no return.”
Rignot and his team used data from satellites and aircraft to map changes in six West Antarctic glaciers and the terrain underlying these massive ice floes(浮冰).The data show the glaciers are stretching out，thinning and shrinking in volume.They’re A.so flowing faster from the continent’s interior to the sea，dumping larger quantities of ice into the ocean than before and thereby raising sea levels.
At the same time，the portion of each glacier projecting into the sea is being melted from below by warm ocean water.That leads to a vicious cycle of more thinning and faster flow,and the local Terrain offers no barrier to the glaciers’retreat，the researchers report in an upcoming issue of Geophysical Research Leaers.
A report in this week’s Science says the Thwaites Glacier will collapse.perhaps in 200 years.The paper doesn’t specify the amount of sea-level rise associated with nlwaites’demise.
Who contributed to the Monday research?
A.The two separate teams of scientists.
B.Scientists at the University of Washington，of California.Irvine and NASA's Lab.
C.Scientists at Pennsylvania State University.
D.Several glaciologists.
简答题
8、故宫(Imperial Palace)位于北京城的中心，是明清两代(Ming and Qing Dynasties)的皇宫，是中国现存最大的古代木构建筑群。故宫始建于l406年，历时十四年后竣工，迄今已有5000多年的历史。气势雄伟的故宫是中国古建筑艺术的精华，里面保存有大量稀世文物和珍宝，对于研究明清两代及历代艺术具有重要意义。1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入“世界人类文化遗产”。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
9、中国高速客运铁路。常被简称为“中国高铁”。它作为现代社会的一种新的运输方式。有着运载能力大、运输效率高、运行速度快、节能环保等特点。在运载能力和效率上，一趟列车可以运送1000多人，每隔5分钟就可以开出一趟列车;在运行速度上，目前最高设计最低时速可达350公里;在节能环保上，高速铁路是绿色交通工具，非常适应节能减排(energy-say i ng and em i ss i on-reduct;on)的要求。
10、位于中国西南部云南省的丽江古城是中国保存最完整、最具民族特色的古城镇之一，同时也是享誉中外的世界级旅游文化名城。丽江地处云南、四川、西藏三省交汇处。公路四通八达(extendi ng i n a|d i rect i ons)。丽江有多个汽车客运站，公路交通极为方便。游客在丽江古城闲逛，步行即可。当然也可乘坐出租车，起步价7元，每公里加价1.8元。如果在旅游旺季前往丽江旅行，一定要在出发前预定好房间。
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