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6月英语四级考试真题之阅读（精选8套）
在现实的学习、工作中，我们最离不开的就是考试真题了，借助考试真题可以更好地对被考核者的知识才能进行考察测验。你知道什么样的考试真题才算得上好考试真题吗？以下是小编精心整理的6月英语四级考试真题之阅读，欢迎大家分享。
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 1
Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowing passage.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症).
Experts said the finding was”really interesting”.MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision.It is a major cause of disability,and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK.Abnormal immune cells aRack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients.There is currently no cure，A.though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease.
Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that tllen fade away either partially or completely.About 85%of all people with MS have this type.Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity.They A.so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died.They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people.Tlle activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease in mice.the study said.
Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentiA.ly harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid.more permeable.A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said.This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before.
Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society,said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men,and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years.She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK.and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments.
56.What can we infcr from the last sentence in Para.从第一段最后一句话可以推断出什么?
A.Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.女性更容易被诊断出患多发性硬化症。
B.Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.男性更容易被诊断出患多发性硬化症。
C.MA.e mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.雄性小鼠更容易被诊断出患多发性硬化症。
D.FemA.e mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.雌性小鼠更容易被诊断出患多发性硬化症。
57.What problem does MS mainly cause?MS是导致什么身体问题的主要原因?
A.I11.natured muscle movement.肌肉运动。
B.Bad balance.平衡性差。
C.Disability.残疾。.
D.Bad eyesight.视力不好。
58.What is the relationship between the severity of MS and level of SlPR27 MS的严重性和SIPR2水平的高低有什么关系?
A.I11e level ofSlPR2 is higher,the MS is less severe.SlPR2水平越高，MS越能得到缓解。
B.The level ofSlPR2 is higher,the MS is more severe.SlPR2水平越高，MS越来越严重。
C.The level ofSlPR2 is lower,the MS is less severe.SlPR2水平越低，MS越能得到缓解。
D.The level ofSlPR2 is lower,the MS is more severe.SlPR2水平越低，MS越来越严重。
59.What role does SlPR2 play in helping the permeability ofblood-brain barrier?S1PR2在促进血脑屏障的渗透性方面扮演着什么角色?
A.It Can make blood-brain barrier impermeable.它可以使血脑屏障不具渗透性。
B.It can make blood.brain barrier less permeable.它可以使血脑屏障减少渗透性。
C.It Can make blood。brain barrier permeable.它可以使血脑屏障具有渗透性。
D.It Can make blood-brain barrier more permeable.它可以使血脑屏障更具渗透性。
60.What Can we infer from the whole passage?从这个文章中可以得出什么推论?
A.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with MS.诊断出患有多发性硬化症的女性人数是男性的`4倍。
B.The level of SlPR2 WaS positively correlated with the severity ofMS.SIPR2所含水平与MS的严重程度呈正比关系。
C.The reason why MS affects more women than men is unknown.为什么MS会更易对女性造成影响仍不清楚。
D.Multiple sclerosis discovery may explain gender gap.多发性硬化症的发现也许可以解释性别差异。
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 2
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A,B,C or D for each numbered blank.
Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered with water. Water heats up more slowly than land, but once it has become warm, it takes longer to_1_down. If the earth’s surface were entirely land, the temperature at night would_2_quite quickly and night would become cooler than the day, as it is on the moon. This does_3_happen in inland deserts, the temperate_4_, is very much affected by the oceans around them. The areas close to the sea have a “maritime climate”, _5_rather cool summers and warm winters. The interiors, far from the sea, have a_6_climate with extremely hot summers and cold winters.
Rain_7_from the evaporation of rivers, seas and lakes. Even after heavy rain the pavements in the city do not take long to dry_8_the rainwater evaporates into the air. on a warm dry day it evaporates very rapidly, _9_warm air can absorb more moisture than cold air. But at any particular temperature, the_10_can hold only a certain maximum amount of water vapor. The air is then saturated like a sponge that can not hold_11_more water. The lower the temperature, the_12_ water vapor is required to saturate the air.
All over the surface of the earth, millions of tons of water are_13_every second, condensing in the air into drops so small_14_it takes thousands of them to make a single raindrop. It is these_15_ droplets that make clouds. When clouds roll in from the sea over the warmer land, they are forced to_16_and become cooler in the colder atmosphere. As the air cools sown, it may pass through its saturation point and_17_some of its water vapor turns to rain. Day in , day out,the_18_water circulates between the air and the land:rivers_19_to make clouds, clouds make rain, rain makes rivers which in turn run into the sea. This is called the rain_20_.
1.A.cool B.balance C.keep D.condense
2.A.rise B.loose C.miss D.fall
3.A.indeed B.not C. however D.ust
4.A.centers B.moisture C. fields D.zones
5.A.with B.instead of C. within D.owing to
6.A.maritime B.continental C.conventional D.normal
7.A.evaporates B.result C.comes D.restrains
8.A.though B.because C.while D.so that
9.A.where B.now that C.as D.as long as
10.A.climate B.atmosphere C.weather D.rivers
11.A.no B.some C.any D.much
12.A.more B.less C.fewer D.greater
13.A.heating up B.flowing C. evaporating D.moving
14.A.for B.that C.then D.yet
15.A.big B.enough C.tiny D.circulating
16.A.raise B.drop C.be cold D.rise
17.A.then B.already C.merely D.soon
18.A.running B.vapor C.evaporated D.same
19.A.evaporate B.try C.cool D.tend
20.A.saturation B.effect D.system D.cycle
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 3
Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.
Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.
That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.
While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,”he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”
From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author’s observation, college students _______.
A. have never been so materialistic as today
B. have never been so interested in the arts
C. have never been so financially well off as today
D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.
A. the influences of their instructors
B. the financial goals they seek in life
C. their own interpretations of the courses
D. their understanding of the contributions of others
3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _______.
A. business management should be included in educational programs
B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed
C. human intellectual development has reached new heights
D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.
A. create varying artistic interests
B. help people see things in their right perspective
C. help improve connections among people
D. regulate the behavior of modern people
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
1.[A]事实细节题。根据第1段可知，根据调査，当今处于传统年龄的大学一年级的学生在17年来的民意测验中是“最追求物质享受、最自私的”，这与A所述相一致。
2.[B]事实细节题。根据第2段第1句指出现在大学生选择专业的目的是为了经济上的富裕，B中的financial goals对应文中的financial well off，故正确。
3.[D]句意理解题。本句首选强调Career职业的.重要性，之后强啁我们也必须理解其他领域的知识，所以这句目的是强调全面教育的重要性，故D正确。
4.[B]事实细节题。根据第5段第2句：同样毋庸置疑的还有，学习他人的各种智慧时，我们也学会怎样去思考。句中how to think与B中的see things in…right perspective意思最为相反，故B正确。
5.[D]事实细节题。根据文章的第5至6段可知，作者认为罢工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行为是目光短浅的，故D正确。
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 4
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?
[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.
[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.
[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.
[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees(难民), threatening political stability everywhere.
[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security——has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets. I recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and com prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven——drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.
[F]In contrast, recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion(转向)of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.
[G]As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this years U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.
[H]What about supply? The three environmental trends——the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the worlds grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% the worlds fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables(地下水位)in countries with half the worlds people, including the three big grain producers——China, India and the U.S.
[I]As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, Chinas wheat crop, the worlds largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.
[J]As the worlds food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.
[K]In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.
[L]Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the worlds population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.
[M]For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.
36.The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.
37.Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.
38.Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.
39.Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.
40.The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.
41.Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstante to boosting the worlds grain production.
42.The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the worlds current military spending.
43.To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.
44.Environmental problems must be solved to case the current global food shortage.
45.A quarter of this years American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars
参考答案：
36. 正确选项 F
37. 正确选项 K
38. 正确选项 C
39. 正确选项 L
40. 正确选项 B
41. 正确选项 H
42. 正确选项 M
43. 正确选项 J
44. 正确选项 L
45. 正确选项 G
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 5
【阅读练习】
Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which
trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.
Q:
1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .
A. one’s familiarity with the text
B. one’s purpose in reading
C. the length of a group of words
D. lighting and tiredness
2. The author may believe that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation
B. requires a reader to see words more quickly
C. demands an deeply-participating mind
D. demands more mind than eyes
3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?
A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.
B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.
C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.
D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.
B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.
C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.
D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.
5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________
A critical
B neutral
C prssimistic
D optimistic
【答案及详解】
答案：CCCDA
解题思路
1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。
2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D
3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的`联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。
5 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 6
Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the opposite, just as the cook has to undergo a particular training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at hisdesk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose is—schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication.
You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.
There are still some faraway places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for money. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service ofthat rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.
We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to papers. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put intomails or delivered by hand, but the daily figures must be extremely large. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes whatever he writes will be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” files or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food in that _______.
A. both writers and cooks have to work a long time every day
B. both are essential to life
C. both are writers and cooks can earn a good living
D. both are enjoyable
2. A public "scribe" (Para 2, Line 1) is _____.
A.a secretary who does your business or social writing
B. a machine that does writing for you
C. a public school where writing is taught
D. a person who ears a living by writing for others
3. According to the passage, some managers dont have to do any letter writing because _____.
A. they rely on quick notes C. they have a computer to do it
B. they have excellent secretaries D. they prefer making phone calls
4. According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some "letter-to-be-read" file, ______.
A. it will receive immediate attention
B. it will be dealt with by the secretary
C. it is likely to be neglected
D. it is meant to be delivered soon
40. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.
A. to explain and persuade
B. to comment and criticize
C. to interest and entertain
D. to argue and demonstrate
英语四级考试阅读备考测试答案解析
1.[D] 文章首句提到，如同美味的食物,我们可以从好的作品中获得乐趣和享受，D与之相符，故为答案。
2.[D] 原文第2段首句提到，这种public scribe会帮你写商业文件或社会交流文章，但他们也会收费的，D与之相符A中的secretary应该是不收贵的，故排除;D中的machine与文中的remote places不相符，故也可排除。
3.[B] 文章第2段第2句提到，个别幸运的经理只需写下简便的笔记,其秘书就会写好所有的信件，因此B为答案。
4.[C] 文章第3段倒数第2句的大意是：我们希望自己写的东西能被人从头到尾地读，能不被扔进“letters-to-be read” file,且根据下文的a wastepaper basket可推测这里说的是希望自己写的东西不被忽视，故本题应选C。
5.[A] 由文章的结尾的this is the reason，知道作者有“解释”的目的'，同时他说“我们要尽最大的努力学习和练习有趣、有效地写作的技巧”，可知有persuade(说服)的目的,故选A。
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 7
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A Grassroots Remedy
A) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.
E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.
Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.
Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.
Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.
Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.
46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.
47. The authors profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.
48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.
49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.
50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.
51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showed much better improvement.
53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.
54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking, sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.
55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.
Section B
大自然疗法
A)【47】我们中的大多数人都套花时间寻求与大自然亲近。为此，我们会遛狗，打高尔夫，钓鱼，去花园静坐，在外面喝酒而不是去酒馆，去野餐，在郊区居住，逛海边以及花钱去乡村度周末。英国最受欢迎的休闲活动是散步。慢跑者不会在大街上跑步，都会本能地向公园或小河边跑。我深信，我们不仅需要大自然，而且我们也都在寻觅着大自然，不管我们有没有认识到这一点。
B)尽管如此，我们的孩子们似乎正在丧失自然的天性。我的童年是在伦敦南部的Streatham Common度过的，那时候我很喜欢爬树。现如今，孩子们的那些自由已经被剥夺了，因为犯罪、交通问题层出不穷，露天场所大量流失，【50】还有一些关于什么是对孩子们最好的奇怪新观念，觉得是能买到的东西，而不是可以发现的东西。
C)这一现象在其他地方也得到了证实。美国人做了一项调查：关于家庭住房条件的改善对患多动症的孩子的影响。【52】调查发现，住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的患儿改善了19%，而那些住在物质条件得到同等改善，但没有魅力的自然风景的房于里的患儿仅改善了4%。
D)【46】瑞典的一项研究显示， 在自然环境中玩要的幼儿园小朋友比在只习惯在正规运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身依也更健康。美国的一项研究也表明，如果学校让孩子们接触自然环境，整个学校的学术水平也会上一个新台阶。
E)另一项研究发现，孩子们在自然环境中玩耍，其表现也不尽相同。在运动场上，孩子们会因体能的差异而形成一种等级秩序，身体结实的占主导地位。但是，如果在一片种了几丛灌木的绿草坪上，孩子们的玩耍更多的则和想象力有关，他们的等级秩序建立在想象力和创造力上。
F)【53】大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石运动场的学校，在鼓励孩子探索的自然环境中则很少发生。这让我想起了在Streatham的 Sunnyhill学校里的不愉快的经历，学校里有粗糙的柏油碎石路，我常常躲在角落里幻想着外边的野生动植物。但是，因为健康和安全的原因，担心孩子们会把自己弄脏或让自己受伤，他们往往被阻止去接触自然环境。结果，这样做反而对他们造成了伤害：不是身体上受伤，而是心灵上受伤。
G)现代儿童所面临的最重大的问题之一是多动症。越来越多的孩子已开始接受贵重的药物治疗。【48】但是。众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。 虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿色的生活空间上.
H)【49】如果老年人有接触大自然的机会， 他们的生活状况会明显改善不少。随着老年人的增多，我们应该更多地关注他们的生活质量，雨不是生命年限。众多研究发现，花园是提高老年人生活质量唯一最重要的因素。
I) 有证据显示，在更加广阔、更困难的地区生活时，自然环境能改善一切事物。甚至在与自然界接触时，和犯罪和攻击行为有关的问题也减少了。英国皇家鸟类保护协会的研究员William Bird博士在他的研究中有这样的陈述：【51】“自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。”为此，不管有多大作用，我们都应该多鼓励人们去野外走走。
J) 我们倾向于把自然环境保护看作是人类赏给大自然的一种恩赐。l551但是，从深层次来理解，这种观念是不正确的：不仅人类本身就很需要大自然， 而且这种把人类与自然界割裂矛来的观念是毁灭性的。人类是一种哺乳动物。700万年来，作为大自然的一部分，他们生活在这个星球上。人类天生眷恋着大自然，也渴望与身边的其他种类的生命接触。喜欢逗狗，抚摸小猫，坐树下喝一品脱啤酒，送人花束或接受花束，以及在天气好的时候去公园散步的朋友应该很清楚这一点。我们需要大自然，因为它对我们的快乐、健康和幸福至关重要。没有大自然，我们的文明只能倒退而无法前进。没有其他生物围绕在我们周围，我们也不能被称为人类。
K)【54】五种与大自然和谐相处的方法
散步：打破长久呆在屋檐下的节奏。提前一站下车，吃午餐时绕公园走一圈，让孩子徒步上下学，养狗，在流动的空气中放松自己，观察，倾听和吸收。
静坐：经常花些时间去露天场所坐一会儿。可以是花园，可以是办公室之外的其他地方，可以是住所外面的其他地方，总之，是远离自己日常工作生活的地方。坐在树下，看看水面，感觉神清气爽，如此也略微恢复了精神。
喝酒：享受大自然最好的方式是一个人欣赏，其次是找个人陪同。和好朋友在外面喝一杯，好好聚一次：谈天论地，以阳光和风中的鸟声做伴。
学习：扩大你的知识面。了解五种鸟类，五种蝴蝶，五种树木和五类鸟声。通过这种方式，你看多、听多了之后，心灵也会渐渐对生活中更多的自然现象作出反应。
旅行：去你一直想去的地方：海边，乡下或小山坡。周末可以抽一天去那里，为观风景，为走那条林间小道，为听鸟儿的欢声笑语，为看成群的蜜蜂。去一个特殊的地方，带特别的东西回来。毕竟，它会持续很久。
46.The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.瑞典的研究说明更多接触大自然让孩子更可能少生病。
【解析】 D)细节题。根据句中关键词a study in Sweden定位至D)段首句。瑞典的一项研究显示，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在只习惯在正规运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。
47.The author’S profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.作者深信人们本能地会通过各种方式寻找大自然。
【解析】A)细节题。根据句中的“the author’s profound belief"可定位至文章A)段末句。作者深信人类不仅需要大自然，而且都在寻觅着大自然。
48.It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.给多动症儿童提供更多绿色的生活空间会对他们大有帮助。
【解析】 G)细节题。根据句中关键词children with ADHD和green spaces可定位至G)段倒数两句。但是，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿色的生活空间上。
49.Elderly people will enjoy a life of beber quality when they contact more with nature.老年人多接触自然可享受优质生活。
【解析】 H)归纳题。根据句中关键词elderly people可定位至H)段。“如果老年人有接触大自然的机会，他们的生活状况会明显改善不少。随着老年人的`增多，我们应该更多地关注他们的生活质量，而不是生命年限。众多研究发现，花园是提高老年人生活质量唯一最重要的因素。”句中是对此段的简要归纳。
50.Nowadays，people think things that can be bought are best for children，rather than things that Can be found.如今，人们觉得可以买到的东西对孩子最好，而不是可以发现的东西。
【解析】B)细节题。根据句中关键词things that Can be bough found和best for children可定位至B)段末句。还有一些关于什么是对孩子们最好的奇怪新观念，觉得是能买到的东西，而不是可以发现的东西。
51.Dr.William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.William Bird博士在研究中提到接近大自然有助于减少暴力行为。
【解析】 I)细节题。由句中的Dr.William Bird定位至I)段倒数第二句。他在研究中提出这样的观点：自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。
52.According to a study in the U.S.Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showedmuch beRer improvement.
美国一项研究显示：住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的多动症儿童进步幅度更大。
【解析】 C)推理题。根据句中关键词a study in the U.S.定位至C)段。该段指出调查发现，住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的患儿改善了19%，而那些住在物质条件得到同等改善，但没有美丽的自然风景的房子里的患儿仅改善了4%。由此可以推演出：住在自然风光视野更开阔的房子里的多动症儿童进步幅度更大。
53.Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.
有机会探索自然界的孩子不太可能恃强凌弱。
【解析】 F)细节题。根据句中关键词explore natural areas定位至F)段首句。大多数恃强凌弱的现象发生在有柏油碎石运动场的学校，在鼓励孩子探索的自然环境中则很少发生。
54.We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways，among which there are walking，sitting，drinking，learning andtravelin9.与自然和谐相处方式多多，比如：散步、静坐、畅饮、学习和旅行。
【解析】 K)归纳题。根据句中关键词find harmony with the natural world可定位至K)段末段。该段列举与自然和谐相处的方式，而句中是对整段的概括。
55.It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.
人类和自然世界可以分离，这种想法是非常有害的。
【解析】 J)细节题。根据句中关键词humanity and the natural和separated定位至J)段第二句。原句为“but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damagin9”(而这种把人类与自然界割裂开来的观念是毁灭性的。)
6月英语四级考试真题之阅读 8
Section C
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny(命运),and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____.
A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A)They have a good understanding of evolution.
B)They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C)They generally appear more resourceful.
D)They are more likely to get over hardship.
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.
C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.
D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.
B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’.
D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.
55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span.
B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle.
参考答案：
Passage Two
51. 正确选项A。 to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
52. 正确选项 D。 They are more likely to get overhardship.
53. 正确选项 C。 Such personality characteristics asself-discipline have no effect on longevity.
54. 正确选项 D。 Mothers’negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans..
55. 正确选项 B。 Longevity results form a combination ofmental and physical health.
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