2016年GMAT句子改错训练题及详细分析

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2016年GMAT句子改错训练题及详细分析

　　1. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

　　(A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many

　　(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many

　　(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them

　　(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many

　　(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many

　　【错误1】比较结构：“about the same as”比较的是“Great Britain”和“land area”，并不可比。

　　【错误2】修饰成分：在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中，“where”用来修饰具体或抽象的方位，但“population”并非是一个方位的概念。

　　(B)of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many

　　【错误1】比较结构：类似地，见(A)。

　　【错误2】句子意思：根据日常逻辑，“many”本意指“很多老挝人”，相比(E)用“many of whom”修饰“people”但本选项的并不能明确地表达这个本意。

　　【错误3】简洁明了：“there be”结构在GMAT考察的标准书面英语中不具有简洁性。

　　(C)that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them

　　【错误1】句子意思：“but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them……”大意为“但是在有一个400万人口的老挝中，他们中许多……”，含义逊于(E)中“many of whom……”与“four million people”之间的修饰关系。

　　【错误2】简洁明了：“that is”、“who is”、“which is”等结构不具有简洁性。

　　(D)comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many

　　【错误】句子意思：见(B)中【错误2】。

　　(E)comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

　　【正确】 “that of Great Britain”中的“that”指代“land area”，因此可与“Laos has a land area”中的“a land area”进行比较。“many of whom”引导的定语从句明确地修饰了“four million people”。

　　【最优解题思路推荐】

　　老挝的土地面积应与英国的土地面积比较，因此(D)和(E)比较对象平行可比。

　　(E)中后半句中“many of whom”和“four million people”的修饰关系，优于(D)中“and many……”的平行结构。因此选择(E)。

　　2. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.

　　(A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　(B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　(D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic

　　(E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　【错误】比较结构：本选项使用了比较句式，比较句式的本质是两个平行可比的主谓结构在进行比较，只不过其中之一会发生省略。“demographers have to know a great deal more than now”中“than”的后方连接的是一个省略后仅剩下“now”的主谓结构，由于“than”之前也是一般现在时，所以我们只能认为，“than”后方被省略的主谓结构还原后应完全继承前半句“demographers have to know”，即“demographers have to know a great deal more than(they have to know)now”，意思是“人口学家不得不知道(一般现在时)比他们现在不得不知道的更多”，表意明显不合理。相比之下，(E)中的“they do”则是“they know”

　　省略后的结果，表意为“人口学家将不得不(“would”是虚拟语气，表示实际无法实现)比他们现在知道的更多”。

　　(B)have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　【错误】句子意思：“economical”意思是“节约的”而非“经济上的”。

　　(C)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical

　　【错误】句子意思：见(B)。

　　(D)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic

　　【正确】 “would have to know a great deal more”表明“To develop more accurate population forecasts”当前条件下实际上是不可能的，虚拟语气使用合理。

　　【大意】要进行更加准确的人口预测的话，人口学家将不得不比现在还要更多地了解生育的社会经济决定因素。

　　(E)would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

　　【错误】比较结构：类似地，见(A)。

　　【最优解题思路推荐】

　　“economic”和“economical”是同根形容词，他们一定不会表达同一个意思，而“economic”是“经济上的”的意思，那么“economical”一定有问题，排除(B)(C)。

　　当比较句式省略过度时往往会造成语义的不准确、不合理，，这正是(A)和(E)的情况，因此选择(D)。

　　3. In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women’s property laws.

　　(A) arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights

　　(B) arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women

　　(D) a treatise advocating women’s equal political and legal rights

　　(E) a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights

　　【错误】修饰成分：非谓语动词“arguing”在本选项中作状语(动词的修饰语)，其逻辑主语为“Lucretia Mott”，与所修饰动词“published”的主语相同，这意味着“arguing”是动词“published”的伴随状语，根据与法要求，“doing”形式的伴随状语与所修饰动词同时发生且同(逻辑)主语，所以根据语法要求，“Lucretia Mott”一边“发表论文”，一边伴随着在“争论”，这种修饰关系并不合理。

　　(B)arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women

　　【错误】修饰成分：见(A)。

　　(C)a treatise that advocates women's equal political and legal rights

　　【错误】平行结构：划线部分之后连接“and for……”结构，仅能与(E)中的 “argued for”形成语法、语义均平行的“argued for……and for……”结构。

　　(D)a treatise advocating women's equal political and legal rights

　　【错误】平行结构：类似地，见(C)。

　　(E)a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women

　　【正确】 “that argued for……”是“a treatise”的定语从句，而“a treatise”是“Discourse on Women”的同位语，修饰关系明确。

　　【大意】 1850年Lucretia Mott发表了《女性的讨论》，一篇为女性平等政治、法律权利和修改女性婚姻产权法而争论的论文。

　　【最优解题思路推荐】

　　“Discourse on Women”意为“《女性的讨论》”，这恰恰是一篇“treatise”(“论文”)，因此，(C)、(D)、(E)的修饰关系明显优于(A)和(B)而(E)和划线句子之后的部分形成了“argued for……and for……”的平行结构，因此选择(E)。

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