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定语从句翻译句子练习
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。下面小编为大家分享定语从句翻译句子练习，欢迎大家参考借鉴。
定语从句：当修饰名词的成分是一个句子，此句叫定语从句。
翻译下列句子:
1. 这是我昨天买的自行车. .
2. 他是我昨天遇见的男孩.
3. 你昨天给我买的书很有趣.
4. 这是我想要的钢笔.
5. 那是他正在照顾的小孩.
6. 正站在柜台后的女士是我妈妈.
7. 在桌子上的书是我的.
8. 这是我们买玩具的商店.
9. 这是帮助过我的男人.
10. 他是买这本书的男士.
将下列句子合二为一:
1. She is the girl. I served her yesterday.
2. This is the dress. She bought it last Monday.
3. She is in the woman. She looked for his son.
4. They are the man. They are working for the boss.
5. This is the computer. The computer cost me 5000 Yuan.
6. This is the house. I visited it last month.
7. He is the man. I spoke to you about him.
8. She is the student. I told you about her.
9. This is the ship. I traveled on it last year.
10. They are the people. They played in the garden.
单项选择 定语从句的用法
1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. who B. which C. who D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. ./
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
翻译下列句子：
1. 正在跑步的男孩是我的好朋友。
2. 他是我们正在寻找的男孩。
3. 昨天给我们上课的妇女是他的姑姑。
4. 她是我们昨天帮助的女孩。
5. 正在打扫校车的女孩是我们的班长。
6. 他是我所见到最高的学生。
7. 这是我去年买的手表。
8. 他是刚才唱歌的男孩。
9. 正在游泳的女孩是我们的同学。
10. 他是在医院里帮助过我的医生。
定语从句主要采用以下几种类型及其翻译：
1.一般型
这种结构是最普遍的，即使用定语从句来修饰要修饰的先行词。
在中文中，一般地说，要使用定语修饰一个对象，无论是单独使用几个修饰词，还是连续使用几个是修饰词，通常都放在所修饰词的前面。在英语中，单词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的先行词之前，而词组，短语和从句作定语时，则放在所修饰的先行词之后。如果汉语的两个句子具有相同的关键词，这是我们可以使用定语从句来翻译其中的一个句子。
例如：Yesterday he bought an English dictionary which is help to improve his English.
译文: 昨天他买了一本英语字典，这本英语字典对于提高他的英语水平很有帮助。
全句的宾语是"英语字典"，英语里修饰 an English dictionary的成分在其后面，这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时，就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词"英语字典"之前。
2.there be结构/it be +主语+定语从句
有些汉语句子可以使用there be/it be +主语+定语从句结构翻译，汉语中的谓语部分在英语中要变成从句的形式。定语从句的谓语在形式上其实也是整个主句的谓语，因此在英译汉时可将其译为主谓结构的简单句。
例如：There are many college students who dropped out of school because of poverty.
译文：现在很多大学生因为贫困而辍学。
全句的谓语是"辍学"，如果没有要求，要表达译文的意思，完全可以使用Many students dropped out of school because of poverty.当然也可以使用现代分词dropping out of school because of poverty修饰students。再者就考虑使用定语从句来修饰students。
3.带介词的定语从句
当“动词+介词”的短语结构出现在定语从句中，介词常和从句的引导词一起引导定语从句，此时的引导词只能使用which和whom。根据逻辑的需要，在翻译前，我们首先应该弄清关系词所指代的内容，进而按照先行词的词义来进行翻译。
The boy to whom I just spoke is my brother.
译文：我刚才和他谈话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
正常语序为I spoke to a boy，the boy is my brother。先行词为the boy，spoke to 为谓语，因此采用spoke to whom 进行翻译。
定语从句的翻译技巧：
简单定语从句的翻译技巧：
所谓简单的定语从句，是指一个句子只含一个定语从句的结构。这类定语从句，不论是限制性的还是非限制笥的，在结构上与先行词的关系比较简单，翻译时多译成定语，也可译成并列句、状语从句或独立句等；这种定语从句还可译成句子成分，即和先行词放在一起翻译，它有如下几种情况：
1．译成主句把先行词译成定语，而把定语从句译成主句：
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴尔干半岛北部的保加利亚人，一直是帝国的威胁，1014年，巴西耳二世在巴尔干半岛北部取得决定性胜利，从此被称为屠杀保加利亚人的刽子手。
2． 译成谓语 把先行词或主句译成主语，把定语从句译成谓语或动宾结构：
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在东部，查士丁尼统治时期，波斯人因xx曾与拜占廷媾和；现在，他们在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯罗埃斯二世的率领下，开始全面消灭东罗马帝国。（谓语）
复杂定语从句的翻译技巧
一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：
1）译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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