四级词汇与语法练习

　　四级词汇与语法练习

　　1.This university has _______ a great deal since our last visit.

　　A.appeared

　　B.altered

　　C.approached

　　D.admired

　　2.She is narrow minded and always _______ what other people have.

　　A. jealous

　　B.owes

　　C.misses

　　D.envies

　　3.When he woke up from his dream， the frightened boy tried to _______ his mother’s arm.

　　A.grape

　　B.grey

　　C.grip

　　D.grave

　　4.Mary has never been _______ a ship.

　　A.abroad

　　B.aboard

　　C.above

　　D.absorb

　　5.The modern camera lens may be coated with more than ten _______ for each piece of its glass.

　　A. levels

　　B.stories

　　C.layers

　　D.formations

　　答案：

　　1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C

　　四级阅读理解练习

　　Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing（裁判）decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

　　The researcher organized an experimental tournament（锦标赛）involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

　　Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

　　The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum（最佳的）distance is about 20 meters.

　　There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

　　If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

　　He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

　　1. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _______.

　　A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

　　B) analyse the causes of errors made by football referees

　　C) set a standard for football refereeing

　　D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing

　　2. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was _______.

　　A) slightly above average

　　B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup

　　C) quite unexpected

　　D) as high as in a standard match

　　3. The findings of the experiment show that _______.

　　A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

　　B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

　　C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur

　　D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot

　　4. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para.4) most probably refers to _______.

　　A) the researchers involved in the experiment

　　B) the inspectors of the football tournament

　　C) the referees of the football tournament

　　D) the observers at the site of the experiment

　　5. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

　　A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

　　B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

　　C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

　　D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

　　答案与解析:

　　1.问实验目的。第一段的目的不定式：研究一些高级裁判员的裁决。正确答案是B，analyse 和study属于关键词替换。

　　2.以number 在第三段定位，文中说是一个高得非常的数字。A中副词有问题。B没有这样比过。D as high as也有问题。正确答案为C。

　　3. show——实验结果，在文中找同类的词。第四段就有found和show ，得出正确答案为A。

　　4. 指代题，往前面找复数名词，有errors和the referees 。只有C有the referees ，正确答案为C。

　　5.A：理想退休年龄为45岁，文中说may be misguided，所以不对。C裁判要尽量年轻有精力，文中最后If keeping up with the action is not so important 说明这并不重要。D这个说的也太过了，我就不信裁判坐着轮椅拿着放大镜也能do well 。正确答案为B。

　　四级阅读理解练习

　　Where do pesticides (杀虫剂) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

　　We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

　　Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (积累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,"says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."

　　1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ...is part of nature."(Para.1)?

　　[A] Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.

　　[B] Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.

　　[C] Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.

　　[D] Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.

　　2. What is the author's attitude to wards the evnironmental effects of pesticides?

　　[A] Pessimistic.

　　[B] Indifferent.

　　[C] Defensive.

　　[D] Concerned.

　　3. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides ______.

　　[A] is not the worst of thenegative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides

　　[B] now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths

　　[C] has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention

　　[D] is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming

　　4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because ______.

　　[A] limited exposure to them does little harm to people's health

　　[B] the present is more important for them than the future

　　[C] the danger does not become apparent immediately

　　[D] humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning

　　5. It can be concluded from Dr Dubos'remarks that ______.

　　[A] people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with

　　[B] attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal

　　[C] diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure

　　[D] people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides

　　答案：

　　1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D

　　四级翻译

　　1.By the end of this year ___________(这本书将出版).

　　2.That advantages of bicycle outweigh its disadvantages and it will ________________(在现代社会发挥重要作用).

　　3.After days of heavy rains,the sun ______________(终于从云层后面露出来了).

　　4.He has got into the habit of __________________(在房间乱扔东西).

　　5.An enclosed,smoke-filled room has levels of harmful gas ________________(是平时的50倍).

　　答案解析:

　　1.the book will have been published // the book will have come out

　　时态和被动语态:由by the end of this year“今年年底”判断要用将来完成时，而book与publish之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态will have been published。如果用come out 表达的话不必用被动式。“出版”的表达常用publish或come out。

　　2.play an important/essential role in modern society

　　“发挥作用”的表达为play a role in。“重要的”表达可以用important或essential；“现代社会”的表达为modern society。

　　3.emerged from behind the clouds at last

　　考查介词:为了准确表达方位，from后面可接另外一个介词宾语，behind the clouds整体表示一个位置；云层后面。考查时态:本句叙述的是过去的事情，所以用过去式。“露出来”的表达为emerge或come out。

　　4.leaving things about/everywhere in his room

　　“养成某习惯”的固定搭配为get into the habit of doing sth。“乱扔东西”的表达为leave things about/everywhere。

　　5.50 times as high as normal // 49 times higher than normal

　　考查比较级:表示倍数的比较级常用“A is…times as + 形容词原级+as B”或“A is … times +形容词比较级+ than B”。“平时”的表达为normal。

　　四级翻译

　　1.Such practice of ________________(考试前熬夜学习)will not necessarily work for every student.

　　2.George arrived at the office ahead of time _______________(只为了给老板留下好印象).

　　3.The resolution that ___________(他调到总部)was approved by General Manager.

　　4.He didn't like this job _____________(尽管条件比之前的好).

　　5.___________________(我宁愿你不要宣布决定)on the issue for the time being.

　　答案解析:

　　1.staying up studying before an examination

　　“熬夜”的表达为stay up,“熬夜学习”就是stay up studying。空前出现的of是介词，跟在其后的动词词组“熬夜学习”要变成动名词的形式，修饰名词practice。

　　2.only to make a good impression on his/the boss

　　“给…留下印象”译作make an impression on…。“印象”之前的修饰语good在翻译时不能遗漏。“只为了”的表达为only to，其结构为only to do sth.表示目的。

　　3.he (should)be transferred to headquarter

　　考查虚拟语气:某些表示建议，请求，命令，主张以及“重要性”，“紧迫性”等概念的名词充当主语时，其后的同位语从句需要用虚拟语气。具体结构为（should）+动词原形。这样的名词有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,suggestion,order,proposal和resolution等。“调任”表达为transfer;“总部”表达为headquarter。他是“被调任”，需要用被动语态。

　　4.though the condition was better than the previous one

　　考查让步状语从句:在句子中所以用though。比较级:“比…好” 用be better than。one的用法:句子前面已经提到了job,为了避免重复，用one代替。

　　5.I'd rather you didn't declare/announce this decision

　　考查虚拟语气:would rather,would sooner,had rather,would(just) as soon,would prefer用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的事情，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的事情。本句中for the time being“目前”表示这是现在的事情，所以系动词用一般过去时didn't。“宣布决定”的表达常用declare或announce the decision。

　　四级翻译练习

　　1.This is ________________(正是要找的人)we are looking for.

　　2. _________________(我没有买到一张好票)for yesterday's movie.

　　3. It's confirmed that _______________(铁路将延伸到我们村子).

　　4. The substance does not dissolve in water _______________________ (不管是否加热).

　　5. Not only ________________ (他向我收费过高)，but he didn't do a good repair job either.

　　答案与解析：

　　1. no other than the man本题考查采用反译法翻译，以加强语气，取得较好的'修辞效果。No other than强调了那个人就是我们要找的。这句话也可以译成This is just the man we are looking for，但强调的语气就显得要弱一些。此外，no other than要和other than区别开来。如：There's nobody here other than me.(这里除了我没别人。)

　　2. I didn't buy a good seat题中"好票"是一个干扰项，是典型的汉语表达。"没有买到一张好票"实际上是说"没有买到好座位"，因此不能译成I didn't buy a good ticket。

　　3. the railway will be extended to our village本题考查英语被动语态的翻译。虽然原中文句给出了主动语态，但在这里主动语态表示被动含义。因为铁路不可能自己延伸，延伸铁路的必定是人。再如：这个问题已经解决了。(The problem has been solved.)

　　4. whether it is heated or not

　　本题考查对whether or not引导让步状语从句的掌握，当从句中的主语等同于主句中的主语，且从句中的结构是“主语+be”时，主语和谓语均可以省略.

　　5. did he charge me too much/ did he overcharge me

　　本题考查对部分倒装的掌握。当句首出现not only或only时，句子应采用部分倒装的结构，即只需把助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。由后半句中的didn't可知，此处的助动词应使用过去式，“收费过高”也可用overcharge.

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