有关自考英语的考试词汇
自考英语
词汇
organizational a. 组织上的
goal n. 目的，目标
objective n./a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的
accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）
predict vt./vi. 预言；预示
accompany vt. 伴随，陪同
implement vt. 实现；完成
constraint n. 强制；强制因素
precedent n. 先例，前例
simplify vt. 简化
tendency n. 趋势，倾向
managerial a. 经理的，管理人的
maker n. 制造者；制造商
achievement n. 完成，达到
attain vt. 达到；完成
optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的
suboptimization n. 局部最优化
trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换
argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论
budget n./vt. 预算
scheme n./vt.把… 编入预算
define vt. 解释，给…下定义
multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数
profitability n. 赚钱，获利
correctness n. 正确，正确性
unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的
ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的
entity n. 存在，实体
skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的
in the way 挡路、碍事
to make a guess at 猜测
and the like 等等，诸如此类
to seek to 追求，争取
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
point of view 观点
词汇精讲
1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门 （ 同义词：aim ,end , purpose，objective）
Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。
2.objective : n./a. 目的；目标（尤指较长远的目标）；宗旨/客观的，如实的
派生词：object n. 物体
反义词：subjective n./a. 主语；主观事物；/ 主观的，
用法： Her objective is to get a college education. 她的目标是接受大学教育。
If you don't work hard, you'll never achieve your objectives.
假如你不努力工作，你将永远达不到目的。Achieve表示较难达到的目标。
It is an objective report. 这是一篇如实的报道。
3.accomplish v. 完成（任务）等
The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes .
学生们在不到10分钟内完成了任务。
4.predict : v 预言，预示, 预告
同义词：forecast v. 预测，预报
It's hard to predict when it will happen . 很难预见这件事何时发生。
5.accompany : v. 伴随，陪同
The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog. 这位孤独的老人让他的狗做伴。
All orders must be accompanied with cash. 所有的订货单必须随付现金。
派生词： company n. 公司; v. 陪伴
6.implement v. 实现，实施，履行（诺言）等
The committee's suggestions will be implemented immediately.
委员会的意见将立即贯彻执行。
The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year。
对全国医疗体系的改革将在明年进行。
7.constraint n. 限制, 约束
They told the truth but only under constraint. Constraint on the rules of grammer
他们说了实话但是有所保留(是被迫的)。 语法规则的限制（约束）
8.tendency : n. 趋势，倾向
There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.
人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
派生词：tend v. 趋向，倾向 用法：tend to do sth.
He tends to get angry when people disagree with him .
当人们不同意他的意见时，他很容易生气。
9.achievement n. 完成，成就，
An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young .
对一个如此年轻的人来说，获得奥运会银牌是个了不起的成就。
派生词：achieve v. 完成，做到，达到（目的），实现，获得
He will never achieve his objectives if he doesn't work hard .
如果他不努力，将会永远达不到目的。
10.attain : v. 达到；获得 （长期努力后而获得）同义词：obtain, get
用法： She has made up her mind to attain her goal in life. 她下定决心要达到生活中的目标。
The apple tree has attained to a great height. 苹果树已长得很高了。
11.optimal adj 最佳的
The sailors are waiting for optimal weather conditions before taking off .船员们正在等待出航的最佳天气条件。
12.argue : vt./vi. 争辩，争论，辩论
用法：
作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with, about 或over(就…争论)，for (赞成)或against (反对)
She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues. 她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。
He often argues philosophy with James. 他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。
He argued for immediate action . 他主张立即行动。
They argued against such a policy. 他们反对这种政策。
作及物动词时，表示”说服、用辩论证明“的意思
I argued him out going on such a dangerous journey. 我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。
He argued that man was descended from apes. 他论证人类的祖先是猿。
13.scheme n 计划 方案
He has got a crazy scheme for getting rich before he is 20 .
他制定了一个在20岁之前发财的疯狂计划。
14.multiple adj 多样的 复合的
What the person does next is the result of the multiple influences to which they have been exposed .
一个人下一步会做什么是他受到的多种影响的结果。
15.ongoing adj 进行中的，前进的
No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations one still ongoing .
目前还没有达成任何协议，谈判仍在进行。
16.entity n 存在 实体
He regarded the north of the country as a separate cultural entity .
他把这个国家的北方看成一个单独的文化实体。
17.skilled adj 熟练的,有技能的
My mother is very skilled at /in dress-making .
我母亲非常擅长做衣服。
Phrases and Expressions
1.(stand, get, be ) in the way 碍事 ,挡道的；妨碍人的
If you are not going to help, at least don't get in the way! 如果你不愿帮忙，至少别妨碍人家。
The chair is in the way, please move it away. 这把椅子挡着路，请把它移开。
相关短语
in a way 在某种程度上；在某些方面； 从某一点上看
in no way 决不；一点也不；
in the way of 按照； 就…. 而言
by way of 取道，经由
by the way 顺便问一下
2.to make a guess at 猜测
You might have been able to make a guess at who she was. 你本来能够猜到她是谁。
Can you make a guess at the price ? 你猜得出价钱吗？
3.to seek to（inf） 寻求,争取
Power stations are seeking to reduce their use of oil .
发电站正在设法减少石油的使用
4.in part : 部分地；有些部分；在某种程度上
This was in part due to financial difficulties. 部分是由于财政困难。
The responsibility was in part because of me. 部分责任在我。
5.point of view 视点，视角
The book looks at college life from a student's point of view.
这本书从一个学生的视角来看大学生活。
6.to vary from …to … 从…到…不同，因… 而异
Salary scales vary from state to state.
工资级别因州而异。
7.contribute … to 把… 贡献给….
We'll contribute ourselves to this career after we graduate . 我们毕业后将为此事业作贡献。
contribute to 导致
Smoking is the main factor contributing to lung cancer. 吸烟是导致肺癌的主要因素。
8.be beneficial to 对… 有利
Jogging is beneficial to our health. 慢跑有利于我们的健康。
Reciting passages is beneficial to improving oral English.
朗读（背诵）短文段落对提高英语口语有利。
第一部分
Para.1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
1.made from among alternative courses of action 是过去分词短语作定语
courses of action 行动方针
that are available 是定语从句，修饰概念短语”行动方针“
2.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
此句是由that引导的表语从句，表语从句由a problem exist; goals of objectives are wrong;
及something is standing in the way of accomplishing them三个并列句构成。
The reason for … is that 是一个常用的句子。例： The reason for canceling the travel is that
they lack of money. 取消旅行的原因是他们手头缺钱。
The reason why … 是另外一个常用的句子。例：There are 3 reasons why they are unwilling to discuss insurance .他们不愿意谈论保险的原因有三个。
Para.2
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.
3.a manager does是省略that的'定语从句，修饰先行词everything
当先行词为everything, something, anything, nothing等不定代词时定语从句引导词不可用which, 此句的后半部分 some suggest that ... 是宾语从句suggest v. 认为，提出，建议（其后的宾语从句多用于虚拟语气）
4.although conj.”虽然，尽管“引导让步状语从句
例如：Although my car is very old,it still runs very well .
虽然我的汽车很旧，但是仍然跑得很好。
require vt. 要求，需要 后边由that引导一个宾语从句
5.Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions.
make a best guess at 作出最佳猜测，at 表示动作或行为的方向和目标，如：look at (看) ，aim at (瞄准，目的是)，throw (a stone) at (向…掷石头)，shoot at (射击)，laugh at （嘲笑）
本句中what the future will be 是一个介词宾语从句，（作介词at 的宾语）；
to leave sth. to chance ”凭运气，听任命运的安排，听其自然发展“
”as + 形容词（或副词）+ as possible“意思是”尽可能地…; 尽量“。
as little as possible 尽可能少
I tried to be as friendly as possible. 我尽量地表示友好。
Come as quickly as possible. 尽快来。
since uncertainty is always there 是一个原因状语从句。
risk accompanies decisions .风险伴随着决策
6.sometimes … at other times 有时… ，而有时则 …
a poor decision 一个不良决策
第二部分
Para.3
Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization.
7.”选择“三个词的区别：
alternative adj.两者或多于两者选一个，供选择的,n.替代物
choice 选自己喜欢的，挑出，选出
select 选出最好的，筛选、精选
8.由 if 引导的条件状语从句， 主句中的不定式被动态 to be made作定语, 修饰decision
9.range n. 范围 a broad range of choice 一个很广的选择范围
10.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.
本句中based on 是一个过去分词作定语修饰constraints.
be based on 表示"建立在…基础上
例：The book is based on a true story. 这本书是以一个真实的故事为依据的。
He was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge, rather than guess or imagination. 他第一个画出以当时所有的知识为基础的地图，而不是基于猜测和想象。
and the like 意思是“等等 （之类的东西）”。
例：He studied painting, music, English and the like. 他学习了绘画、音乐、英语等等。
11.at all levels “在各个层次”
Para.4
Alternatives are the possible courses of action from which choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, no decision. If no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.
12.from which 引导定语从句，修饰 courses of action 行动方针
13.a thorough job of examining 一个彻底的考察工作
a thorough job是主语，of examining the problems 修饰job，has not been done是句子的谓语。
thorough a. 彻底的
through prep. 通过，穿过
though conj. 虽然，尽管 （ 同although ）
thought n. 思想
14.For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion :
either /or 意思是“非此即彼；二者择一”。
例:We fight, or we don't -- it's an either/or decision.
我们战斗或不战斗-这是二者择一的决定。
第三部分
Para.5
At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.
15.At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited to practically unlimited.
在as well as 结构中，强调前者 limiting alternatives ，不强调后者
译为：作决策包括限定选择和识别选择，或者译成：不仅包括识别选择还要包括限定选择（除了包括识别选择外还有限定选择）
practically ad. 实际上，事实上（在口语中译为，几乎，简直）在本文中是几乎的意思。例如：几乎是不可能practically impossible
Para.6
Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. An organizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger organization. Called suboptimization, this is a trade-off that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function. For example, the marketing manager may argue effectively for an increased advertising budget. In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
16.An organizational goal is an end or a state of affairs the organization seeks to reach.
一个省略that或which的定语从句，修饰a state of affairs "事物的状态，事态"
to seek to do sth. 追求，争取，寻求，设法(去做某事)
17.Because individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.
本句中，because 引导了原因状语从句；在主句中，who makes the decision 是作depend on 的介词宾语从句。
18.Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger organization.
两个that引导的都是定语从句，修饰decisions
less than 在此做状语，表示否定的含义, less than optimal "不太理想"
例如：This job is less than perfect. 这份工作不十分理想（完美）。
19.this is a trade-off that increases the advantages to one unit or function but decreases the advantages to another unit or function.
that引导定语从句，修饰trade-off "权衡"
increases 和 decreases 是定语从句的并列谓语
Para.7
These trade-offs occur because there are many objectives that organizations wish to attain simultaneously. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. Different managers define the same problem in differentterms. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on.
20.These trade-offs occur because there are many objectives that organizations wish to attain simultaneously.
Because 引导的原因状语从句中,有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰many objectives
21.Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.
vary from … to … 表示各不相同的意思。
例:The percentage varies from person to person. (税收的) 比例因人而异。
22.When presented with a common case
presented with 面对
过去分词短语前面加上when作时间状语。
为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时常在分词前面加上when, while, even if , even though , unless 等连词作时间、条件、让步等状语。 (详见语法要点)
Para.8
The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based, in part, on the values of the decision maker. Such values are personal; they are hard to understand, even by the individual, because they are so dynamic and complex. In many business situations different people's values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions.
23.The ordering and importance of multiple objectives is also based, in part, on the values of the decision maker.
be based on 基于，取决于
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
对于多项目标的排序和重要性，部分地基于决策者的价值观。
24.different people's values about acceptable degrees of risk and profitability cause disagreement about the correctness of decisions.
两个about都是介词短语作定语,修饰前边的名词
不同人关于风险和收益可接受程度的价值观，导致了对于决策正确性的不同意见。
Para.9
People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. But from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions.
25.People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon
assume vt. 认为，假定，设想 that 引导宾语从句
26.An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future.
an ongoing entity "一个发展中的实体，一个运作中的单位"
made today 过去分词短语作定语，"今天作出的决策"
far into the future 形容词短语作定语，"对将来有深远的影响"
27.Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions.
the skilled manager "一个干练的管理者，一个有经验的管理者"
current a. 当前的，现时的 n. 流，水流，电流，气流
一个干练的管理者可以从当今决策看到未来的结果。
附：重点句
1.The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. 三个表语从句并列 （第一段）
2.Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. 主从复合句（第二段）
3.For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. （第三段）
4.For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion; （第四段）
5.Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. 主从复合句（第六段）
6.Frequently, departments or units within an organization make decisions that are good for them individually but that are less than optimal for the larger orgnization. （第六段）
7.Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. （第七段）
8.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. （第七段）
考试大纲
《2016年高考英语考试大纲的说明》明确指出考生应在45分钟左右的时间里完成5篇体裁、题材不同的阅读材料。
平时教师在指导学生做阅读理解时总是强调让学生“回归原文”找答案，不要自己主观判断。在学生平时练习的
错误中，我们看到学生并非全篇都读不懂，在很多情况下，学生也知道问题问的是什么，也判断对了答案的范围
在哪几行，甚至哪一句，但就是看不明白相关的那句话，最终，关键句子的理解错误导致做题失误，究其原因，
主要是在知识上存在两种障碍。
-不会分析长句结构，看不懂句意
近几年的阅读理解篇章中出现了很多长句，包括各种复合句、省略句、插入语等等，如果学生仅仅按单词的顺序读，
那么在驾驭长句、难句的理解上一定会有困难。建议大家采取“去除修饰成分，留下句子主干”的办法。如：
1.(2005辽宁，C篇)Free Video Magazine sent every four weeks(up to 13 times a year)，with our Director's
Selection--plus many lower-priced cassettes，down to $14.95. And you may receive Special Selection mailings
up to four times a year(a total of up to 17 buying opportunities per year).
每四周免费的影像杂志派送一次(每年有13次之多)，附带《编者精选》，连同许多14.95美元的低价卡带。而且您还可
以收到每年四次寄送的《特别精选》。(每年有多达17次的购买机会)。这句话虽然长，但是主要结构是：Free Video Magazine
sent with sth，plus sth，其他多是状语成分。
2.(2001北京春，B篇)Scientists have also found marks on hominids'teeth with patterns very similar to those
on the teeth of modern day fruit eaters.科学家也发现了Hominids原始人类牙齿上的斑痕和现代吃水果人的(斑痕)相似。
3.(2006全国I，C篇)To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation，especially
if it has failed in the past.使用一成不变的学习方法可能会弄巧成拙，减少学生的动力，尤其是这些方法过去失败过。
此句的主要结构是To do sth is self-defeating.后面的because引导的从句和especially短语都是状语。
4.(2006北京，D篇)While parents，particularly mothers，have always been attached to their infants(婴儿)，
societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain(保持).虽然父母，尤其是母亲总是对婴
儿怀有依恋，然而社会现实条件却使这种依恋越来越难以保持。主句的主要结构：conditions made this attachment difficult
to maintain。从句中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。
5.(2006天津，E篇)But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time，and which makes the
individual behave regularly in a variety of situations，is what is meant by an attitude.
态度的意义就在于：这种内在的状态在一段时间内保持不变，而且能够使个人在各种情景中都行为正常。这个长句含定语从句，去除定语从句剩下的就是主要结构了，即The internal state is what is meant by an attitude.
词汇方面的障碍
生词或是“熟词偏意”导致理解有误。建议考生在目前最后的总复习冲刺阶段，务必把《2007年高考英语考试大纲的说明》的
词汇一直有计划地背到高考。阅读篇章中生词的比例在高考文章中有严格控制，而且在上下文中都有暗示或依据，所以考生还要加
强通过上下文猜词义的能力
1.(2007年石家庄市质检二，A篇)Capital punishment is another form of punishment which systems use in extreme
criminal cases，sometimes involving such crimes as a murder，rape，and violent theft.In these cases，the person is
put to death.Today，capital punishment is used in relatively few countries.Many countries have done away with it.
In other words，capital punishment remains only in officially law books but is rarely used.However，capital punishment
remains in use in some countries including the United States.从下文看，无论如何也不能把capital理解成“首都”。
2.(2006北京，D篇)One of these premodern attachment-dis-couraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they
had survived into the second year.现代文明之前，一种减少对婴儿依恋的做法就是在婴儿存活到第二年才给其取名字。从构词法猜
at-tachment-discouraging的意思。dis-courage是“不鼓励”的意思，at-tachment是“附属，依恋”。
3.(2006全国II，E篇)In the colorful used-clothing markets of Tanzania，she realizes that “it is only in this final
stage of life that the T-shirt will meet a real market，”where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different
by its size and even color.在坦桑尼亚丰富的旧衣市场里面，她意识到，T-shirt只有在其生命周期的最终阶段才能碰到真正的市场
。那里，价格每小时都会变化，尺寸甚至颜色都导致了价格的不同。这句话是强调句型，It is…that…此句的主要结构是：T-shirt
will meet are a real market in this final stage of life.in the final stage of life里没生词，但是学生不易理解，谁的
finalstageoflife？从上下文看，绝不是“人”而是“旧衣服”依然在坦桑尼亚有消费市场。
4.(2002北京春，B篇)Second，there is the problem of waste.All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most
cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years.It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive，and so
they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented.For example，they may be buried
under the ground…第二点，就是浪费的问题。多数情况下所有核电站废弃物都会存在核辐射数千年，要使这些废弃物不带有辐射
又是不可能的，所以核废物必须用科学家们发明的一种方法来储存处理。例如，可以把它们埋在地下……
5.(2006福建，E篇)The service is being constantly improved and a combination of better technology and increased
investment following the Easter Floods of 1998 has led to the creation of Floodline and an automatic(自动)messaging system that can warn thousands of people in very little time.服务质量不断提高。优良的技术与1998年复活节洪水后投资增长的结合促成了管道感应器和自动报警系统的出现，这两种设备可以在很短的时间内向成千上万的人发出警告。考生要练习快速理解句中的意群，如automatic messaging system自动报警系统，a combination of…的结合。
基础知识是否牢固是决定单句理解和做题速度的关键。最后建议大家多做近3年高考阅读理解中的长、难句的英译汉翻译练习，确保关键句的理解无误，这对提高全文的理解大有益处
旅游英语词汇
果汁
甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice
酸梅汁Plum juice
杨桃汁Star fruit juice
青草茶Herb juice
牡蛎煎Oyster omelet
臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
油豆腐Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd
虾片Prawn cracker
虾球Shrimp balls
春卷Spring rolls
蛋卷Chicken rolls
碗糕Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding
红豆糕Red bean cake
绿豆糕Bean paste cake
糯米糕Glutinous rice cakes
萝卜糕Fried white radish patty
芋头糕Taro cake
肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs
水晶饺Pyramid dumplings
肉丸Rice-meat dumplings
豆干Dried tofu
其 他
当归鸭Angelica duck
槟榔Betel nut
火锅Hot pot
更多文章请点击：www.yjbys.com
最全的点餐必备英语单词
中餐：
meat diet 荤菜 vegetables 素菜 meat broth 肉羹 local dish 地方菜 Cantonese cuisine 广东菜 set meal 客饭
bear's paw 熊掌 * of deer 鹿脯 beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海参
sea sturgeon 海鳝 salted jelly fish 海蜇皮kelp,seaweed 海带
abalone鲍鱼shark fin鱼翅scallops干贝lobster龙虾 bird's nest 燕窝
roast suckling pig 考乳猪 ig's knuckle 猪脚 boiled salted duck 盐水鸭
preserved meat 腊肉 barbecued pork 叉烧 sausage 香肠 fried pork flakes 肉松
BAR-B-Q 烤肉 curry rice 咖喱饭 fried rice 炒饭 plain rice 白饭 crispy rice 锅巴
gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥 —noodles with gravy 打卤面
plain noodle 阳春面 casserole 砂锅 chafing dish,fire pot火锅 meat bun肉包子
shao-mai烧麦preserved bean curd 腐乳bean curd豆腐
fermented blank bean 豆豉 pickled cucumbers 酱瓜
preserved egg 皮蛋 salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋 dried turnip 萝卜干
西餐与日本料理：
menu 菜单French cuisine法国菜 today's special 今日特餐 chef's special 主厨特餐 buffet 自助餐 fast food 快餐 specialty 招牌菜 continental cuisine 欧式西餐 aperitif 饭前酒 dim sum 点心
French fires炸薯条baked potato烘马铃薯 mashed potatoes马铃薯泥
omelette 简蛋卷 pudding 布丁 pastries 甜点 pickled vegetables 泡菜
kimchi 韩国泡菜 crab meat 蟹肉 prawn 明虾 conch 海螺 escargots 田螺
braised beef 炖牛肉 bacon 熏肉 poached egg 荷包蛋 sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋 over 煎两面荷包蛋 fried egg 煎蛋
over easy 煎半熟蛋 over hard 煎全熟蛋 scramble eggs 炒蛋
boiled egg 煮蛋 stone fire pot 石头火锅 sashi 日本竹筷 sake 日本米酒
miso shiru 味噌汤 roast meat 铁板烤肉 sashimi 生鱼片 butter 奶油
牛排与酒：
breakfast 早餐 lunch 午餐 brunch 早午餐 supper 晚餐 late snack 宵夜 dinner 正餐
ham and egg 火腿肠 buttered toast 奶油土司 French toast法国土司 muffin 松饼
cheese cake 酪饼white bread 白面包 brown bread 黑面包 French roll 小型法式面包 appetizer 开胃菜
green salad蔬菜沙拉 onion soup 洋葱汤 potage法国浓汤corn soup 玉米浓汤minestrone 蔬菜面条汤
ox tail soup 牛尾汤 fried chicken 炸鸡 roast chicken 烤鸡 steak 牛排 T-bone steak 丁骨牛排
filet steak 菲力牛排 sirloin steak 沙朗牛排 club steak 小牛排 well done 全熟 medium 五分熟
rare三分熟beer 啤酒draft beer 生啤酒stout beer 黑啤酒canned beer罐装啤酒 red wine 红葡萄酒
gin 琴酒 brandy 白兰地 whisky 威士忌vodka伏特加 on the rocks 酒加冰块 rum兰酒champagne
其他：
meat 肉 beef 牛肉 pork 猪肉 chicken 鸡肉 mutton 羊肉 bread 面包 steamed bread 馒头
rice noodles 米粉 fried rice noodles 河粉 steamed vermicelli roll 肠粉 macaroni 通心粉
bean thread 冬粉 bean curd with odor 臭豆腐 flour-rice noodle 面粉 noodles 面条
instinct noodles速食面 vegetable 蔬菜 crust 面包皮 sandwich 三明治
toast 土司 hamburger 汉堡cake 蛋糕spring roll春卷 pancake煎饼fried dumpling煎贴
rice glue ball元宵glue pudding 汤圆millet congee 小米粥
cereal 麦片粥 steamed dumpling 蒸饺 滑ravioli 馄饨
大学英语自学教程一
Unit 9 Text A: Learned Words and popular Words
In fact, every language has the similarity. For example, in Chinese we call potatoes tudou, and malingshu. In our oral language, we say tudou but not malingshu. So can you tell me the difference between them? obviously, one is popular word while the other is learned word. So now we can say it’s just the two classes of words that consist of the whole vocabulary. Now let’s learn our text A and know more about the words.
A. New words:
1.learned: adj 有学问的，博学的；learn: v; learner: n
2.cultivated: adj 耕种的、有修养的；cultivate: v 耕种、培养；cultivation: n 耕种、培养；cultivator: n 耕种者 （*）
a.Workers work in their factories while farmers cultivate their land.
b.Cultivated people should have good manners.
c.The old man pays much attention to the cultivation of her mind.
3.concern: v 涉及、使关心、挂念；n 关心、挂念; concerned: adj 担心的、焦虑的
常用的短语：so/as far as … concerned:至于，对…而言；be concerned for/about sth/sb:对人或事关心、挂念。
a.we are all concerned for his happiness.
b.As far as the structure is concerned, the article is quite good.
4.stock: v 储备、储存；n 库存、股票
sth in stock/ out of stock某物有库存/没有库存
5.possession: n 所有、拥有；possessions: n 所有物； possess: v 所有、拥有；
6.relatively: adv 比较而言；relate: v; relation: n; relative: adj
7.educated: adj 有知识的；educate: v 受教育；education: n 教育； educational: adj教育的 (*)
a.Higher education plays an important role in one’s life.
b.She has been doing educational work for forty years.
c.The man had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.
d.our society needs more educated people.
8.acquaintance: n 认识、熟人；acquaint: v 使…熟悉/通晓
9.formal: adj 正式的，反义词：informal; formally: adv（*）
a.Although the visit he paid to the country was informal, he thought it was quite necessary.
b.Formal dresses are required for such an important party.
c.He formally presented his application form.
10.highly: adv 非常、高度地；high: adj 高的；height: n 高度（*）
a.She spoke highly of his discovery.
b.He is 1.76 meters in height.
c.The church tower is 20 meters high.
11.elevated: adj 提高的、高贵的；elevate: v 提高； elevation: n 提高； elevator: n 电梯
12.importantce: n 重要性； important: adj 重要的；unimportant, unimportance.
13.grown-up: n 成年人；adj 成熟的；adult.
14.apply: v 申请、应用；application: n；applicant: n 申请人(*)
常用习语：apply to sb for sth:向某人申请某物；apply to sth:适用某物; apply sth to sth:将…运用到…中。
a.She applied to the university for her degree of Master of Arts.
b.What he said applies to us all.
c.We should apply what we have learned to our work.
15.absolute: adj 绝对的、完全的；absolutely: adv
16.popularity: n; popular: adj；popularize:
17.clssification: n 分类；classify: v 分类；classified: adj 分类的
18.convenient; adj 方便的, convenience: n ；反义词：inconvenient, inconvenience
19.avoid: v 后用动名词；avoidance: n；avoidable: adj 可避免的；unavoidable: 不可避免的。
I am trying to avoid meeting him.
20.misconception: n 误解，反义词：conception. 前缀：mis-含有“错误地”，mistake, misunderstand, misapply etc.
21.presence: n 出席、存在；present: adj到场的
22.literature: n 文学；literary: adj文学的
大学英语自学教程二
Unit 8 Text A: Telecommunication via Satellite
We live in a highly developed society. Everybody knows telecommunication, which can not only transmit television broadcasts, but also telephone calls and printed materials. So do you know it also has shortcoming? If you want to know the answer, you must read our today’s text. This is a very important text.
A.New words:
1.telecommunication: n 电信,communication 通信，tele表示远距离的、电的
telephone, telegraph etc.
2.via: prep拉丁文，by way of,经由
3.transmit: v 播送、发射，transmit sth to sth. 名词：transmission
4.photograph: n 简称photo, photos.
5.establish: v 建立、创立，同义词：found; established: adj; establishment: n(*)
a.The university was established 150 years ago.
b.You should not break the established rule.
c.They suggested the establishment of a school for the blind.
6.signal: n/v信号，发信号。sign: n 标识；signature: n 签名(*)
a.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.
b.The traffic signal turned red.
c.There is a non-smoking sign on the wall.
7.orbit: v 绕轨道运行，n 轨道
a.How many planets are orbiting the sun?
b.The earth’s orbit round the sun.
8.capable: adj able有能力的，ability, capacity. be capable of doing, be able to do,
9.broadcast: n/v 广播、播音
BBC: British Broadcast Corporation
10.theory: n 理论，theoretic adj理论的，短语：in theory = theoretically
11.access: n 进入的机会，accessible: adj 可接近的，常用短语：have access to sth可接近，可进入
12.unlimited: adj无限的，反义词：limited, limit: v 限制，n 界限(*)
a.He is not very clever and his ability to improve his work is very limited.
b.our life has a limit, but knowledge is without limit.
c.There is an unlimited number of stars in the sky.
13.entertain: v 娱乐、招待；entertainment: n; entertainer: n 供人娱乐者
a.A cinema is a place of entertainment.
b.He may not be a great actor but he is a very popular entertainer.
c.He entertains himself with his piano when he is free.
14.demonstrate: v 说明、演示；demonstration: n
15.educational: adj 教育的；education: n 教育；educate：v 使人受教育
a.Higher-education self-taught exam are held twice per year.
b.In order to keep up with our times, we have to educate ourselves in the evening class after work.
16.remote: adj 遥远的、偏僻的
17.isolate: v 隔离、孤立，isolated: adj 孤立的；isolation: n
18.instruction: n 教学、指示；instruct: v; instructor: n 指导者
19.conversation: n 谈话，converse with sb about/on sth(正式用法)
20.simultaneously: adv at the same time, in the meanwhile
21.risk: n风险；v 冒…的风险，risky: adj有危险的
risk doing sth, risk one’s a health/fortune/neck
22.privacy: n 隐私，private: adj 私人的
23.contact: n/v,短语：make contact with与…接触，结识
a.I don’t have much contact with her family.
b.I will contact you next month.
24.harm: n/v伤害、损害；harmful, harmless
25.expert: n 专家；adj熟练的。expert in/at sth
26.application: n 申请、应用；apply: v
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