英语八年级下册第六单元重点词汇、词组及句型
重点词汇:
1. collect v. 收集；搜集
2. pair n. 一对；一双
3. since prep. & coin. 自……以来；自从
4. raise v. 筹集；筹募
5. several adj. 几个的；数个的
6. stamp n. 邮票
7. kite n. 风筝
8. store v. 储存
9. anyone pron. 任何人
10. cake n. 蛋糕；糕、饼类食品
11. coin n. 钱币；硬币
12. been v. 动词be的过去分词
13. capital n. 省会；首都
14. European adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 n. 欧洲
15. thousand n. 一千
16. foreigner n. 外国人
17. quite adv. 相当；十分
18. certain adj. 确实的；无疑的
19. miss v. 思念；想念
20. common adj. 共同的；公共的
21. congratulations n. 祝贺
22. monster n. 怪物；妖怪
23. particularly adv. 特别的，显著的
24. room n. 空间；
25. topic n. 话题；主题
26. hobby n. 业余爱好
27. Russian adj. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的；俄语的 n. 俄罗斯人；俄语
28. Australian adj. 澳大利亚的；澳大利亚人的 n. 澳大利亚人
重点词组及句型：
1. a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
2. run out of 用完
3. collect shells 收藏贝壳
4. movie tickets 电影票
5. fly kites 放风筝
6. three and a half years 三年半
7. by the way 顺便；附带说说
8. be interested in 对……感兴趣
9. more than 比……多
10. make a list of 列清单
11. thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事
12. think of / about sth. 想起某事
13. raise/collect money for... 为……而筹钱
14. 第一个开始的：the first one to start
15. 最后一个回家the last one to go home
16. 到处：be all around
17. 停止做某事：stop doing sth.
18. 停下来做某事：stop to do sth.
19. 整整5个小时：the whole five hours=all the five hours
20. 把某物送给某人：send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth.
21. How long have you been collecting coins? 你收集硬币有多久了？
22. I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬币有五年了。
23. I have been collecting since I was a primary school student. 我从上小学就开始收集了。
24. I have been collecting for five years. 我已经收集了有五年时间了。
25. How long did she surf the internet? 她上网有多久了？
26. She surfed the Internet for two years. 她上网有两年的时间了。
27. When did you get your first pair of skates? 你什么时候得到你的第一双溜冰鞋的？
28. I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到了我的第一双溜冰鞋。
29. I’d like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜欢集邮，因为邮票很有趣。
30. If anyone else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，请让我知道。
日常用语：
精讲巧练
1. Congratulations on winning the skating marathon!祝贺你赢得滑冰马拉松比赛。
congratulations on doing sth. 祝贺你做了某事
congratulations on sth.祝贺某事
Congratulations! 恭喜! 祝贺!
随时练
【考例】
--- In this competition I won the first.
---_________ .
A. I’d like to B. Sorry C. That’s all right D. Congratulations
【答案与解析】D. congratulations! 恭喜! 祝贺! 对已取得的成绩的一种祝贺。
2. A: Alison, how long have you been skating? 艾丽森，你滑冰多长时间了？
B: Ihave been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时。
（1）for表示时间的持续，后面加时间段，表示一段时间，多与带数词的名词连用，其谓语需用延续性动词。例如We have been learning English for twoyears. 我们已经学英语两年了。
Isleptforeighthourslastnight. 我昨晚睡了八个小时。
拓展
在现在完成时中，若动词为非延续性动词，与for短语连用时，要转换为延续性动词。例如：
borrow—keep；buy—have；arrive—behere；comeback—beback；getup—beup
die—bedead；begin—beon
（2）since表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”，后面接点时间，强调动作或状态一直延续到现在，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
例如：
I have been skating since eight o’clock. 自从八点开始，我就一直在滑冰。
I have been listening to music since 1999. 自从1999年以来，我一直听音乐。
I have been here since I came to China. 自从我来到中国，我就一直在这儿。
随时练
【考例】
Mother has __________for two days.
A. left B. arrived C. been D. been away
【答案与解析】D. for two days表示一段时间，动词要用可延续性的动词，been away可以表示持续的状态。
3. I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Marathon. Here students are skating to raise money
for charity. 我正在山顶中学马拉松比赛现场向你报道。在这儿，学生们正在为慈善事业筹集资金。
（1）talk to sb.在此意为“向某人报道”，相当于report to。例如：
I’m reporting to you about the sports meeting. 我正在向你报道运动会的'情况。
Mr.Li will talk to you about YaoMing. 李先生将向你报道关于姚明的情况。
（2）raise…for 为……筹集 例如：
Some singers raise lots of money for the poor students to go to school.许多歌手为贫穷学生能上学而募集资金。
拓展
raise one’s hand 举手 raise one’s hat to sb. 向某人举帽致敬
raise a child 养育孩子 raise funds 筹集资金
raise salaries 增加薪水 raise money 筹钱，筹款
随时练
【考例】
We are here to __________funds for the charity.
A. raise B. rise C. get D. want
【答案与解析】答案：A. “为……筹钱”用raise funds/money for。
4. How long have you been in class today? 你们今天上了多长时间的课？
（1）How long …? 多长时间？（疑问句）多久（对段时间提问）例如：
How long have you been waiting? 你已经等了多久？
How long will the meeting last? 会议将持续多长时间？
I've been skating for five hours? How long have you been skating?
（2）How soon...? 多久以后（对in+对段时间的将来时态提问）例如：
He will come here in an hour. How soon will he come here?
（3）How often...? 多久一次（对动作的频率提问）例如：
He comes here twice a week. How often does he come here?
随时练
【考例1】
1. My brother __________to New York twice.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
【答案与解析】B. 曾经去过某地已经回来了用have been to结构。
【考例2】
2. --- __________ have you been skiing? --- Half a year.
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. When
【答案与解析】A. 由答语“Half a year”一段时间可知应用How long提问。
【考例3】
3. He __________for three hours, and he’s still watching now.
A. has been B. watched C. has been watching D. is watching
【答案与解析】C. 表达动作从过去开始到现在并可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时态。
5. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每滑一小时，每个学生为慈善机构筹集10元钱。
every, each 都表“每一”，但every 大家具有的共性，every 还等于all，表示全体齐全，一个不缺；而each强调每个人或事物有着各自互不相同的个性或差异性。此外every还可表每隔（一段时间/距离）。
例如：
Every student is here. 学生都到齐了。
Each person has his own advantages. 每个人都有他的优势（长处）。
随时练
【考例】
He goes to visit his friends in the town _______ two weeks.
A. every B. each C. none D. some
【答案与解析】A. every可表每隔（一段时间/距离）
6. Alison was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole five hours.
Alison是第一个开始滑的，并且已滑了足足5个小时。
（1）序数词前必须用定冠词the，后接名词或代词。句中不定式短语“to start”作后置定语，修饰代词one，one指代滑冰的人。whole adj. “整个的，完整的”，前常加the或物主代词。
例如：
I want to get to know the whole story.
He puts his whole life on education.
（2）第一个开始的：the first one to start
最后一个回家：the last one to go home
随时练
【考例】
Zhang Li has been working for______ eight hours.
A. the whole B. the all C. whole D. all
【答案与解析】A. whole adj. “整个的，完整的”，前常加the或物主代词。
7. My mom says I have to stop，because we’ve run out of room to store them.
我妈妈说我必须停下来，因为我们用尽了屋里所有的空间来存放这些东西。
（1）run out of “用尽，缺乏”。例如：
He ran out of all his money to buy the book. 他用尽了他所有的钱来买这本书。
People will run out o fwater resources one day. 人们总有一天会缺乏水资源。
（2）room“空间，余地”，不可数名词。例如：
There will be standingroom only. 人们将会只有立足之地。
Could you make room for my daughter? 你能给我女儿腾个地方吗？
（3）store
n. 商店；贮藏
book store 书店 department store 百货商场
v. 贮存，收集
store up grain 储备粮食
拓展
run across 无意碰到，跑过; run after 追赶; run away 逃跑; running water 自来水随时练
【考例1】
1. Peter______ his best friend in the street yesterday.
A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across
【答案与解析】D. run across 意为“偶遇”；run after意为“跟在后面追赶”；run away意为“逃跑”；run out意为“用尽”。结合题意，此处应是偶遇。
【考例2】
2. The ship was full of people. There was no______ for Ellen.
A. room B. rooms C. a room D. any room
【答案与解析】A. What’s the most unusual hobbies? 最不寻常的爱好是什么？
8. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
如果你知道还有其他人收集它们，请告诉我。
（1）anyone “任何人”，any“任何的”（用于肯定句）。
（2）else “别的，其他的”，形容词/副词。else作形容词时常用作后置定语，即放在疑问代词who,what, which或放在不定代词something, anything, nothing, anyone, everyone后面。 else作副词通常放在疑问副词when, where, how后面。例如：
Who else has any good ideas? I have something else to tell you.
--- What else do you want? --- Nothing else.
Where else in China have you been to?
随时练
【考例】
Is there ______ in today’s newspaper?
A something new B new something C anything new D new anything
【答案与解析】C. 形容词与不定代词连用，放在不定代词的后面。
9. By the way, what’s your hobby? 顺便说（提）一下，你的爱好是什么？
by the way 顺便说（提）一下
way可指“道路”“方法、途经，方式”。
拓展
on the way(to)… 在去……的路上 in the way 挡路
in this (that)way 用这种（那种）方法 in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不 lose one's way 迷路
随时练
【考例】
______ the way, what’s your name?
A. By B. On C. In D. For
【答案与解析】A. by the way 顺便说（提）一下
10. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
The more …, the more … 越……越……
the+形容词比较级…，the+形容词比较级… 越……越……
随时练
【考例】
Hello, everybody! You are taking the important exam now. Don’t be nervous. It is not as difficult as you imagine. I am sure you all will succeed. Please answer every question with great care. You know __________you are, __________mistakes you’ll make.
A. the careful; the few B. the more careful; the less
C. careful; few D. the more careful; the fewer
【答案与解析】D. 此题考查“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”结构。
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